Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Aim: The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction in patients with type II diabetes mellitus without overt cardiovascular disease, and to investigate whether its presence is associated with age, sex, onset of diabetes, glycemic control and obesity.Patient and methods: We studied 30 patients with type 2 diabetes; II were men and 19 were women; their ages ranged from 40 - 65 years; all patients had no evidence of hypertension, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, anatomical disease of heart, arrhythmia; and myocardiac ischemia at maximal treadmill exercise test. Diastolic dysfunction was evaluated using Doppler echocardiography.Results: Diastolic dysfunction was found in 22 subjects (73.3%) of whom 21 (70%) had abnormal relaxation and one (3.3%) had a pseudonormal pattern of ventricular filling. Systolic function was normal in all subjects, and there was no correlation between diastolic dysfunction and age, sex, onset of diabetes, glycemic control and obesity.Conclusion: Diastolic dysfunction is much more common than previously reported. The high prevalence of this phenomenon population suggests the importance of screening for diastolic dysfunction among such high-risk patients."

"Pemerintah menghadapi kebutuhan pembiayaan yang semakin meningkat untuk mengembangkan dan memelihara fasilitas infrastruktur. Pelayanan akan infrastruktur sering disediakan dengan defisit operasi, yang hanya ditutupi melalui subsidi, sehingga akan memberatkan pada sumber daya masyarakat (publik). Di padukan dengan sebagian besar kemampuan keuangan pemerintah yang terbatas, hal ini mendorong untuk memobilisasi modal sektor swasta untuk ikut dalam investasi di bidang infrastruktur. Terstruktur dengan tepat Kemitraan Pemerintah Swasta (KPS) mungkin akan dapat mengerakan sumber daya/modal yang sebelumnya belum dimanfaatkan sektor swasta baik ditingkat lokal, regional, atau internasional yang sedang mencari peluang investasi. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang Kemitraan Pemerintah Swasta terutama dalam hal struktur dan skema pembiayaanya. Dalam studi ini mengkaji dan merangkum berbagai macam dokumen yang tersedia (buku, jurnal, tesis dan lainnya) untuk lebih fokus pada struktur dan skema pembiayaan dalam Kemitraan Pemerintah dan Swasta. Kalkulasi finansial dan manajemen resiko adalah faktor utama penentu keberhasilan dalam Kemitraan Pemerintah Swasta.

---

Governments face an ever increasing need to find sufficient financing to develop and maintain infrastructure. Furthermore, infrastructure services are often provided at an operating deficit, which is covered only through subsidies, thus constituting an additional drain on public resources. Combined with most governments limited financial capacity, these pressures drive a desire to mobilize private sector capital for infrastructure investment. Structured correctly, a Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) may be able to mobilize previously untapped resources from the local, regional, or international private sector which is seeking investment opportunities. The objectives of this report is to learn more about the Public Private Partnerships especially in terms of structure and financing schemes. In this report reviewed and summarizes the available document (book, journal, thesis and other ) to focus on structure and financing schemes in public private partnership. Financial calculations and risk management is a main factor success in the public private partnerships."