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Abstrak :
[Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kekasaran, proses phosphating, serta ketebalan adhesive bonding terhadap ketahanan delaminasi komposit laminat. Variasi kekasaran substrat, yaitu pada rentang 5-8 μm dan 10-13 μm, variasi terhadap proses phosphating, yaitu ada yang melalui proses phosphating dan ada yang tidak, serta variasi ketebalan adhesive baik primer ataupun topcoat dengan rentang 1-5 μm, 6-10 μm, serta 11-15 μm. Pembentukan komposit laminat ini dilakukan melalui proses transfer moulding pada suhu 160 C selama 450 detik. Komposit laminat yang sudah terbentuk kemudian diuji peel-off untuk mengetahui kekuatan delaminasinya lalu dikarakterisasi dengan SEM-EDX. Hasil menunjukan bahwa kekasaran permukaan, lapisan zinc phosphate, serta ketebalan adhesive bonding mempengaruhi ketahanan delaminasi komposit laminat yang diinterpretasikan dengan kekuatan ikat antarlapisan dan visual delaminasi. Kekasaran optimum terjadi pada rentang 10-13 μm dengan kekuatan ikat 179,68 N dan visual delaminasi R-R sebanyak 35%. Adanya lapisan zinc phosphate memberikan nilai kekuatan ikat optimum sebesar 157,38 N dan visual delaminasi R-R sebanyak 50%. Ketebalan adhesive primer optimum terjadi pada rentang 1-5 μm dengan kekuatan ikat 163,35 N dan visual delaminasi R-R sebanyak 50%. Ketebalan adhesive topcoat optimum terjadi pada rentang 6-10 μm dengan kekuatan ikat sebesar 154,65 N dan visual delaminasi R-R sebanyak 41,6%.;This study aims to determine the effect of roughness, phosphating process, and the thickness of the adhesive bonding into delamination resistance of laminate composite. Variation of the substrate roughness are 5-8 μm and 10-13 μm. Some substrates are coated by zinc phosphate and other substrate are uncoated. Variations of the thickness of adhesive primer and adhesive topcoat are in a range of 1-5 μm, 6-10 μm, and 11-15 μm. The process of forming the laminate composite occurs through transfer molding process at 1600C in 450 seconds. Laminate composite that has been formed then tested by peel-off test to determine the strength of delamination. Visual of delamination was characterized by SEM-EDX. The results showed that the optimum surface roughness occurs in the range of 10-13 μm with bonding strength 179.68 N and 35% of R-R visual. The coated substrate has a higher bonding strength compared to uncoated substrate, which is 157.38 N and 50% of R-R visual. The optimum thickness of adhesive primer occurs in the range of 1-5 μm with bonding strength is 163.35 N and 50% of R-R visual. While the optimum thickness of adhesive topcoat occurs in the range of 6-10 μm with a bonding strength is 154.65 N and 41,6% of R-R visual;This study aims to determine the effect of roughness, phosphating process, and the thickness of the adhesive bonding into delamination resistance of laminate composite. Variation of the substrate roughness are 5-8 μm and 10-13 μm. Some substrates are coated by zinc phosphate and other substrate are uncoated. Variations of the thickness of adhesive primer and adhesive topcoat are in a range of 1-5 μm, 6-10 μm, and 11-15 μm. The process of forming the laminate composite occurs through transfer molding process at 1600C in 450 seconds. Laminate composite that has been formed then tested by peel-off test to determine the strength of delamination. Visual of delamination was characterized by SEM-EDX. The results showed that the optimum surface roughness occurs in the range of 10-13 μm with bonding strength 179.68 N and 35% of R-R visual. The coated substrate has a higher bonding strength compared to uncoated substrate, which is 157.38 N and 50% of R-R visual. The optimum thickness of adhesive primer occurs in the range of 1-5 μm with bonding strength is 163.35 N and 50% of R-R visual. While the optimum thickness of adhesive topcoat occurs in the range of 6-10 μm with a bonding strength is 154.65 N and 41,6% of R-R visual, This study aims to determine the effect of roughness, phosphating process, and the thickness of the adhesive bonding into delamination resistance of laminate composite. Variation of the substrate roughness are 5-8 μm and 10-13 μm. Some substrates are coated by zinc phosphate and other substrate are uncoated. Variations of the thickness of adhesive primer and adhesive topcoat are in a range of 1-5 μm, 6-10 μm, and 11-15 μm. The process of forming the laminate composite occurs through transfer molding process at 1600C in 450 seconds. Laminate composite that has been formed then tested by peel-off test to determine the strength of delamination. Visual of delamination was characterized by SEM-EDX. The results showed that the optimum surface roughness occurs in the range of 10-13 μm with bonding strength 179.68 N and 35% of R-R visual. The coated substrate has a higher bonding strength compared to uncoated substrate, which is 157.38 N and 50% of R-R visual. The optimum thickness of adhesive primer occurs in the range of 1-5 μm with bonding strength is 163.35 N and 50% of R-R visual. While the optimum thickness of adhesive topcoat occurs in the range of 6-10 μm with a bonding strength is 154.65 N and 41,6% of R-R visual]

Abstrak :
Pengujian pemisahan gas dilakukan dengan menggunakan membran cair yang telah dimodifikasi dengan nanozeolit Na-Y. Membran cair yang digunakan adalah cairan higroskopik gliserol yang diimpregnasikan ke dalam membran hidrofilik berpori polyvinilidene fluoride (PVDF). Membran PVDF ini berfungsi sebagai support dari gliserol. Membran cair tersebut dimodifikasi dengan nanozeolit Na-Y dan dilakukan pengujian untuk aplikasi pemisahan gas. Nanozeolit yang digunakan disintesis dengan menggunakan metode seeding. Hasil nanozeolit yang terbentuk kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan SEM-EDS, XRD, FTIR, BET, serta PSA. Pola XRD menunjukkan nanozeolit yang terbentuk memiliki struktur zeolit Y. Hasil karakterisasi dengan SEM-EDS menunjukkan kristal nanozeolit yang saling bertumpuk dengan struktur berbentuk kubus dengan rasio Si/Al 3,21. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran dengan menggunakan PSA, didapatkan distribusi terbesar dari ukuran nanozeolit adalah 2 nm. Campuran gas yang digunakan untuk aplikasi pemisahan gas adalah campuran gas yang mengandung CO2, N2, serta O2 dengan rasio perbandingan volume 1:1:1. Pengujian pemisahan gas dilakukan pada suhu 250C dengan variasi tekanan 0,5 bar dan 1,5 bar. Variasi juga dilakukan pada jumlah nanozeolit (5%-20%) yang ditambahkan pada membran cair. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan, pemisahan gas CO2 paling baik terjadi pada tekanan 0,5 bar dengan 20% penambahan jumlah nanozeolit. ...... Examination of gas separation was carried out by using a Na-Y nanozeolite modified liquid membrane. Liquid of hygroscopic glycerol used as the liquid membrane was impregnated in a porous hydrophilic polyvinilidenen fluoride (PVDF) membrane. The PVDF membrane serves as a support of glycerol. The liquid membrane was modified by nanozeolite Na-Y examined for application of gas separation. Nanozeolite was synthesized by seeding method and then characterized by using SEM-EDS, XRD, FTIR, BET, and PSA. XRD patterns showed that nanozeolite structure was zeolite Y. SEM-EDS result showed that the crystal of nanozeolite grew over one another with cube-shaped structure and the Si/Al ratio is 3,21. Based on the PSA result, the biggest distribution size of nanozeolite obtained was 2 nm. A gas mixture that contains of CO2, N2, and O2 with volume ratio of 1:1:1 was used for gas separation. Examination of gas separation was carried out at 250C with various pressures of 0,5 bar and 1,5 bar. The number of nanozeolite in the liquid membrane was also varied (5%-20%). Based on experimental, the best separation of CO2 gas can be obtained with pressure of 0,5 bar and 20% the number of nanozeolite.