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Abstrak :
Wanita Indonesia yang memasuki masa menopause cenderung mengalami obesitas, Gejolak panas sebagai salah satu gejala menopause yang paling sering dikeluhkan oleh wanita yang memasuki masa menopause, berkaitan dengan obesitas. Obesitas diketahui berhubungan dengan leptin, suatu hormon polipeptida yang mempunyai peran dalam reproduksi dan pusat pengatur suhu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui apakah terdapat peningkatan kadar leptin pada wanita perimenopause-menopause dengan gejolak panas di RSCM. Penelitian deskriptif dengan desain kasus-kontrol. Subjek penelitian 50 wanita perimenopause-menopause, berusia 40-55 tahun. Kelompok kasus dan kontrol ditegakkan berdasarkan Kuesioner Menqol Menopause. Kelompok gejolak panas adalah wanita yang menjawab YA pada pertanyaan Kuesianer Menqol Menopause 1-3, dengan kelompok kontrol adalah wanita yang tidak ada keluhan gejolak panas, dan menjawab tidak atau satu saja jawaban ya pada poin 1-3. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kadar leptin pada kelompok yang mengalami gejolak panas dan kelompok tanpa gejolak panas dengan median leptin kasus vs control 21.86 (7.41-46.66) vs 16.53 (4.32-37.81) ng/ml , p=0.154. Meski demikian, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara obesitas dengan gejolak panas (p=0.047). Karakteristik gejolak panas yang didapatkan dikategorikan masih ringan karena frekuensi terjadinya gejolak panas yang jarang, dengan durasinya sangat cepat dan tidak mengganggu aktifitas. Gejolak panas cenderung dirasakan pada wanita berpendidikan menengah dibandingkan pendidikan tinggi (p=0.01), pada kelompok menengah ke atas (p 0.037),dan pada kelompok yang terbiasa tidur dengan air conditioner (p=0.057) dan berolahraga secara teratur (p 0.248). Kebiasaan mengkonsumsi tahu, tempe dan tidur cukup 6 jam sehari tidak memiliki hubungan terhadap terjadinya gejolak panas. Skor MENQOL Menopause kelompok dengan gejolak panas lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok tanpa gejolak panas (p<0.001), serta gangguan kualitas hidup cenderung dirasakan lebih berat pada kelompok wanita dengan obesitas (p=0.061). Obesitas berhubungan bermakna dengan gejolak panas, tetapi leptin tidak berperan terhadap terjadinya gejolak panas. Gangguan kualitas hidup akibat gejolak panas cenderung dirasakan oleh kelompok yang obesitas. ...... Hot flashes as one of menopausal symptoms that manifested to quality of life. Obesity has been linked to increased risk of hot flashes in menopausal women. Leptin as anti obesity hormone, has play a role in thermoregulatory dysfunction in menopause women with hot flashes. This research want to explore effect of leptin serum level to hot flashes in perimenopausal and menopausal women in Ciptomangunkusumo General Hospital. A descriptive study with case control design. The subject is 50 perimenopause women aged 45-55 years. The case and control groups are based MENQOL Questionnaire. Hot flashes are a group of women who answered YES to the question number 1-3, and control group of women who are no complaints of hot flashes. We performed bivariate analysis, using statistic by SPSS 17. There is no significant differences between Leptin serum level in hot flashes group and non hot flashes with median level of leptin serum 21.86 (7.41-46.66) ng/ml, vs16.53 (4.32-37.81) ng/ml with p = 0.154. Obesity is correlated with hotflashes (p=0.047). Characteristics of hot flashes categorized as mild. The frequency of occurrence is rare, with very fast duration, and not disturb activity. To strata education obtained a meaningful correlation, hot flashes tending perceived in women with middle educated compared higher education (p=0.01), on group upper middle class than middle class (p 0.037) and women sleep with the air conditioner (p0.057) and exercise regularly (p=0.248). The habit of eating soy product such as tofu and tempe and slept 6 hours a day, not correlated statistically with the the occurrence of hot flashes. There is a significant difference in score of MENQOL Menopause, whereas in the group with hot flashes compared to without hot flashes. (p<0.001), impaired quality of life tend to be felt more severely in the group of women with obesity (p0.061). Obesity is statistically correlated with hotflashes, and leptin. But elevated leptin serum didn?t statistically correlated with hotflashes. Quality of life disturbance is severe in obesity group. Obesity can causes hot flashes with other mechanism such as fat as heat insulator.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Prevalensi preeklamsia dalam kehamilan di Indonesia sebesar 7-10%, Asam asetilsalisilat yang mengandung senyawa aktif asam salisilat diketahui dapat mencegah terjadinya preeklamsia awitan dini terutama bila diberikan sebelum usia kehamilan 16 minggu. Tubuh memiliki asam salisilat natural yang didapatkan dari konsumsi sayuran yang mengandung asam salisilat. Asam salisilat merupakan senyawa aktif yang berperan sebagai anti inflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai apakah kejadian preeklamsia dipengaruhi oleh kadar asam salisilat natural serum dan urin. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan disain case-control berpasangan. Subjek adalah pasien hamil dengan preeklamsia awitan dini (PEAD) dibandingkan dengan hamil normotensi 20-34 minggu terdiri atas 35 pasien/kelompok, preeklamsia awitan lambat (PEAL) dibandingkan dengan hamil normotensi 34-40 minggu terdiri atas 39 pasien/ kelompok. Pemeriksaan kadar asam salisilat (SA) dan asam salisilurat (SUA) dalam serum diperiksa dari sampel darah vena, kadar SA dan SUA urin diperiksa dari sampel urin sewaktu yang terkoreksi dengan kadar kreatinin urin, semuanya diperiksa menggunakan kromatografi. Seluruh subjek dilakukan wawancara FFQ (Food Frequent Questionnaire) untuk mengetahui asupan makanan selama hamil. Analisis statistik yangdigunakan adalah uji Mann Whitney . Hasil: Median usia kehamilan pasien PEAD adalah 31 minggu, kelompok normal adalah 30 minggu. Kadar SUA serum pada PEAD berbeda bermakna dibandingkan hamil normal dengan median 1,43 (min-max 0,001-9,32) vs 0,21 (0,002-15,78) nilai p<0,001. Kadar albumin pada PEAD berbeda bermakna dengan hamil normal median 3 (2,1 – 3,8) vs 3,7 (3,4-4,3) p<0,001. Kadar Asupan protein berbeda bermakna (13% vs 14%, p<0,001)Kadar serat pangan pada PEAD berbeda bermakna dibandingkan hamil normal (8 gram/hari vs 9,6 g/hari, p<0,001). Kadar SA dalam serum dan urin, SUA urin pada kelompok ini tidak berbeda bermakna. Median usia kehamilan PEAL dan normotensi adalah 37 minggu. Kadar SA serum dan urin dan SUA serum tidak berbeda bermakna antara kedua kelompok. Kadar albumin pada PEAL berbeda bermakna dengan median (3 (2,4-3,6) vs 3,4 (2,9-4,1) p<0,001). Simpulan : Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar asam salisilat dan asam salisilurat pada serum dan urin pada kehamilan preeklamsia dan normotensi. Kelompok PEAD terdapat kadar SUA serum yang lebih tinggi dan berkorelasi dengan kadar albumin dan asupan protein yang rendah. Asupan serat pangan berhubungan dengan kejadian PEAD, tetapi tidak berhubungan dengan kadar asam salisilat dan asam salisilurat ......Background: The prevalence of preeclampsia in pregnancy in Indonesia is 7-10%. Acetylsalicylate which contains the active compound salicylic acid is known to prevent early onset preeclampsia, especially if given before 16 weeks of gestation. The body has natural salicylic acid which is obtained from the consumption of vegetables that contain salicylic acid. Salicylic acid is an active compound that acts as an anti-inflammatory. This study aims to assess whether the incidence of preeclampsia is influenced by the levels of natural salicylic acid in the blood and urine. Methods: : A matched case-control was adopted in this study. Subjects were pregnant patients with early onset preeclampsia (EOP) compared to normotensive pregnancies of 20-34 weeks consisting of 35 patients/group, late onset preeclampsia (LOP) compared with normotensive pregnancies of 34-40 weeks consisting of 39 patients/group. Examination of salicylic acid (SA) and salicylic acid (SUA) levels in serum was examined from venous blood samples, urine SA and SUA levels were examined from urine samples while corrected by urine creatinine levels, all were examined using chromatography. . To measure food intake during pregnancy, all subject were interviewed using the FFQ (Food Frequent Questionnaire). The Mann Whitney test was utilized in the statistical analysis. Objective: The goal of this study is to see if natural blood and urine levels of salicylic acid affect the risk of preeclampsia. Result :EOP subject had a median gestational age of 31 weeks, while normal group 30 wga. Serum SUA levels in EOP were considerably different from normal pregnant women, with a median of 1.43 (min-max 0.001-9.32) versus 0.21 (0.002-15.78) p value <0.001, while albumin levels in EOP were significantly different from normal pregnant women, with a median of 3 (2.1-3.8) vs. 3.7 (3.4-4.3) p<0.001, and protein intake significantly lower than normal (13 vs 14%, p<0,001).. Dietary fiber in EOP was significantly different compared to normal pregnancy (8 g/day vs 9.6 g/day, p<0.001) SA levels in serum and urin, as well as urine SUA, were not substantially different in this group. LOP and normotensive gestational age were both 37 weeks. The levels of SA and SUA in the serum and urine were not substantially different between the two groups. With a median of 3 (2.4-3.6) vs. 3.4, albumin levels in PEAL were substantially different (2.9-4.1). Conclusion: In preeclampsia and normotensive pregnancies, there was no significant difference in salicylic acid and salicyluric acid levels in blood and urine. The serum SUA levels in the EOP group were greater and associated with low albumin levels and low protein intake. Fiber intake was linked to the development of EOP, but not to salicylic acid levels or salicyluric acid levels.