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"Stroke merupakan penyebab kematian tertinggi kedua di dunia maupun di Indonesia. Terdapat berbagai faktor risiko stroke baik yang dapat dimodifikasi maupun yang tidak. Hipertensi merupakan faktor risiko stroke yang paling penting yang dapat dimodifikasi. Namun demikian, masih belum jelas karakteristik hipertensi seperti apa yang paling berisiko terkena stroke. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan hubungan antara lamanya hipertensi, tekanan darah sistolik tertinggi yang pernah dicapai, serta kategori hipertensi dengan terjadinya stroke. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan desain studi kohort retrospektif pada pasien usia lanjut penderita hipertensi di Poliklinik Geriatri RSUPN-Ciptomangunkusumo tahun 2012-2016. Terdapat 207 subjek yang diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini, dengan 40 di antaranya tercatat menderita stroke. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubungan antara lamanya hipertensi dengan stroke p=0.046 , sementara tidak ada hubungan p>0.05 antara tekanan darah sistolik tertinggi yang pernah dicapai maupun kategori hipertensi. Hasil uji multivariat dengan penyesuaian terhadap variabel perancu mendapatkan hubungan antara lamanya hipertensi dan stroke dengan OR 2.019 1.004 ndash; 4.063;IK 95 . Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan terjadinya stroke adalah lamanya hipertensi.

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Stroke is the second highest leading cause of death both in the world and in Indonesia. There are various modifiable and non modifiable risk factors of stroke. Among them, hypertension is a well established important stroke risk factor that is modifiable. However, it is unclear which characteristics of hypertension contributes most to the incidence of stroke. This study aimed to determine the association between duration of hypertension, highest systolic blood pressure, and hypertension stages with stroke incidence. A cohort retrospective study was done among elderly hypertensive patients in Geriatric Polyclinic of Ciptomangunkusumo National General Hospital between 2012 and 2016. From 207 subjects, there are 40 stroke incidences. Bivariate analysis showed association between duration of hypertension and incidence of stroke p 0.046 , while there is no association between stroke and either highest systolic blood pressure or hypertension stages. Multivariate analysis with adjustments for confounding variables showed association between duration of hypertension and stroke with OR 2.019 1.004 ndash 4.063 95 CI . From this result, it is concluded that duration of hypertension has the strongest association to stroke."

"ABSTRACTSystemic lupus erythmatosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease which involved many organs. One of its severe manifestations is lupus nephritis (LN). Treatment of LN consist of two phases, induction and maintenance. Inappropriate treatmen approach could increase morbidity and mortality in LN pantients. Renal flare is among many bad outcomes of LN that should be mitigated with an approciate therapuitec approach. Various guidelines stated usage of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or azathioprine (AZA) as an appropriate immunosuppresant in the maintenence phase"