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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara fungsi pemasaran yang dilaksanakan oleh tenaga keperawatan dengan persepsi kesadaran pelanggan akan hak pelayanan kesehatan di Rumah Sakit Islam. Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif eksploratif menggunakan pendekatan potong lintang dan dilengkapi dengan informasi secara kualitatif. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 118 perawat dengan latar belakang pendidikan minimal D-3 Keperawatan, masa kerja minimal 3 tahun dan memberikan pelayanan langsung kepada pasien ditambah 10 orang pasien yang telah dirawat minimal 3 hari untuk memvalidasi informasi dari subyek perawat. Seluruh sampel diambil secara proposional dari 2 Rumah sakit Islam. Analisis yang digunakan adalah uji regresi linier sederhana, chi-square dan uji regresi linier ganda.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara fungsi pernasaran yang dilaksanakan oleh perawat dengan persepsi kesadaran pelanggan akan hak pelayanan kesehatan. Hasil analisis karakteristik individu rerata menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan dengan pelaksanaan fungsi pemasaran. Hasil analisis korelasi dengan a. = 0,05 menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan antara diferensiasi pelayanan, kepemimpinan biaya, fokus pelayanan (variabel babas), dan umur, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan dan lama kerja (variabel pengganggu) dengan persepsi perawat tentang kesadaran pelanggan akan hak pelayanan kesehatan.Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa lama kerja mempunyai penganruh yang paling besar terhadap persepsi kesadaran pelanggan akan hak pelayanan kesehatan, tetapi hanya 16,5% dari variasi persepsi kesadaran pelanggan akan hak pelayanan kesehatan yang dapat menjelaskan fungsi pemasaran yang dilaksanakan dan karakteristik individu. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena belum optimalnya pelaksanaan fungsi pemasaran oleh tenaga keperawatan disertai persepsi kesadaran pelanggan akan hak pelayanan kesehatan. Untuk itu, praktik keperawatan, institusi rumah sakit dan keilmuan perlu meninjau kembali aspek - aspek yang dapat meningkatkan pencapaian fungsi pemasaran dan mengubah persepsi perawat tentang kesadaran pelanggan akan hak pelayanan kesehatan sehingga pelayanan kesehatan yang diberikan dapat meningkat.

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The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between the function of marketing done by nurses and the perception of consumer awareness towards patient's rights to health service at Islamic hospitals. The design was descriptive explorative using cross sectional approach and also provided with information from patients. The sample of the study was 118 nurses who have minimal education of D-3 of nursing, minimal experience of 3 years and provide care directly to the patients, also added with 10 patients who were hospitalized for minimal 3 days to validate information from the nurse subjects. The sample was proportionately taken from two Islamic hospitals. The analyses employed simple regression, chie square, and multiple regressions tests.

The findings showed that the function of marketing done by nurses have significant correlation with the nurse' perception of consumer awareness toward patient's rights to health service, and none of the individual characteristics had correlation with the function of marketing done by nurses. Further, from its correlation analysis with a = 0.05 there were significant relationship between differentiation of service, cost leadership, focus of service (independent variables), and age, sex, education and experience (confounding variables) with the perception of consumer awareness towards patient's rights to health service.

The study concluded that experience variable had very strong influence to the perception of consumer awareness towards patient's rights to health service but only 16.5% from variation of the perception of consumer awareness to patient's rights to health service could be explained by the function of marketing done by nurses and individual characteristic simultaneously. This condition may be related to the function of marketing done by nurses that was not optimum in implementation. Therefore, the nursing service, the hospitals and nurses organization need to re-evaluate and improve the factors that could strengthen the achievement of nurse marketing function."

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Nama	: Mira Asmirajanti
Program Studi	: Doktor Keperawatan, Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan UI
Judul	: Sistem Nursing Activity Based Costing Mira (N-ABC Mira)

 

Aktivitas Perawat merupakan semua kegiatan pemberian asuhan keperawatan terhadap pasien yang dilakukan dan dicatat oleh perawat. Aktivitas perawat meliputi asesmen, penetapan diagnosis, pembuatan perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan dan evaluasi. Perawat, tenaga profesional di rumah sakit yang terus menerus bersama pasien, tetapi aktivitasnya belum dijadikan dasar dalam perhitungan poin penghargaan pada remunerasi. Pembiayaan aktivitas perawat dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan masih menjadi permasalahan utama profesi keperawatan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengevaluasi sistem nursing activity based costing Mira (N-ABC Mira). Penelitian dilakukan di RSP Jakarta dan RSDK Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian operasional dengan tiga tahap penelitian. Tahap 1 mengidentifikasi aktivitas perawat berdasarkan dokumentasi asuhan keperawatan, kepuasan perawat dan faktor perancu melalui penelitian kuantitatif dengan studi cross-sectional dan penelitian kualitatif analisis dari fokus grup diskusi. Tahap 2 mengembangkan sistem nursing activity based costing Mira (N-ABC Mira). Tahap 3 evaluasi dan uji coba sistem N-ABC Mira menggunakan kuasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan pengukuran berulang sebelum implementasi, uji coba 1, uji coba 2 dan uji coba 3. Sampel penelitian kuantitatif sebanyak 226, 199, 161 dan 92 perawat pelaksana dengan masa kerja minimal 1 tahun yang diambil secara acak dan dokumentasi pasien dengan jumlah mengikuti sampel perawat pada tahun 2018 secara insidental dari bulan Juli - bulan Desember yang diambil dari 10 penyakit terbanyak. Data dikumpulkan dari dokumentasi hasil uji coba sistem N-ABC Mira dan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan  GLM RM, t-Test, Anova, Korelasi Pearson’s. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa sistem N-ABC Mira antara sebelum dan sesudah implementasi, aktivitas perawat berdasarkan dokumentasi asuhan keperawatan ada perbedaan yang bermakna (15.269, p=0.0001); ada perbedaan yang bermakna kepuasan perawat terhadap aktivitas perawat (6.657, p=0.0001); ada perbedaan yang bermakna kepuasan perawat terhadap pengambilan keputusan (2.999, p=0.0001) dan ada perbedaan yang bermakna kepuasan perawat terhadap poin penghargaan (6.585, p=0.0001). Sistem N-ABC Mira untuk Aktivitas perawat berdasarkan dokumentasi asuhan keperawatan dan kepuasan perawat terhadap aktivitas perawat; pengambilan keputusan serta poin penghargaan dipengaruhi oleh aspek perawat, dukungan manajemen dan dukungan tehnik. Kesimpulan dari implementasi sistem N-ABC Mira, yaitu terdapat perbedaan aktivitas perawat berdasarkan dokumentasi asuhan keperawatan dan kepuasan perawat terhadap aktivitas perawat, pengambilan keputusan serta poin penghargaan perawat sehingga dapat meningkatkan kepuasan perawat dan kepuasan pasien, sehingga merekomendasikan sistem N-ABC Mira untuk dapat digunakan di setiap rumah sakit.

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Name	: Mira Asmirajanti
Study Program	: Doctoral Nursing Doctoral, Faculty of Nursing Universitas Indonesia
Title	: Nursing Activity Based Costing Mira (N-ABC Mira) System

 

Nursing activities are all activities of giving nursing care to patients performed and recorded by nurses. Nursing activities include assessment, determination of diagnosis, planning, implementation of actions and evaluation. Nurses are professionals in the hospital whose presence is continuously on the patient's side, but their activities have not been used as the basis for calculating reward points for remuneration. Financing nursing activities in nursing care is still a major problem in the nursing profession. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the nursing activity based costing Mira (M-N-ABC) system. The study was conducted at the Jakarta Pelabuhan Hospital and Semarang RSDK Hospital. This research was conducted using operational research design with three research stages. Stage 1 is identifying nurse activities based on nursing care documentation, nurse satisfaction and confounding factors through quantitative research with cross-sectional studies and qualitative research through analysis of focus group discussions. Stage 2 is to develop a nursing activity based costing Mira (M-N-ABC) system. Stage 3 is evaluating and testing the Mira N-ABC system using quasi-experiments with repeated measurement approaches before implementation, trial 1, trial 2 and trial 3. Quantitative research samples were 226, 199, 161 and 92 nurses with minimum of 1 year work experience period taken randomly. Incidental numbers of patient documentation were included based on participating nurses in 2018 from July to December by taking 10 most frequent diseases. Data were collected from results documentation of the N-ABC Mira system trial and questionnaire. Data analysis was done using RM GLM, t-Test, Anova, Pearson's Correlation. In this study it was found that between before and after the implementation of the Mira N-ABC system, there were significant differences in nursing activity based on care documentation (15,269, p = 0,0001); there was also a significant difference between nurses’ satisfaction with nursing activity (6,657, p = 0,0001); In addition, there was a significant difference between nurses’ satisfaction with decision making (2.999, p = 0.0001) and also between nurses’ satisfaction with award points (6,585, p = 0,0001). Mira N-ABC system for nursing activities is proposed based on nursing care documentation and nurses’ satisfaction on nursing activities; Decision-making variables and award points were influenced by aspects of nurses, management support and technical support. The conclusion of the Mira N-ABC system implementation is that there are differences between nurse activities based on nursing care documentation with nurses’ satisfaction on nursing activities, decision making and nurse award points. The Mira N-ABC system is recommended for everyday usage in hospital to improve nurses and patient satisfaction.

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