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""ABSTRAK"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai inspanningverbineinis dan contributory negligence dalam tindakan medik. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis-normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pembahasan dalam skripsi ini mencakup penerapan inspanningverbintenis dalam tindakan medik ditinjau berdasarkan hukum kesehatan, penerapan contributory negligence di dalam tindakan medik, dan penerapan mengenai inspanningverbintenis dan contributory negligence dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Bandung No.514/PDT.G/2013/PN.Bdg. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa salah satu hal yang diatur di dalam hukum kesehatan ialah hubungan antara dokter dan pasien. Hubungan yang didasarkan atas perjanjian berbentuk inspanningverbintenis, membuat dokter di dalam memberikan suatu tindakan medik harus didasarkan pada suatu upaya maksimal dan sesuai dengan standar profesi. Saat terjadi contributory negligence di dalam perjanjian tersebut, pengaruh yang ditimbulkan yaitu dokter hanya bertanggungjawab sesuai dengan proporsi kelalaiannya. Dalam kasus ini, tindakan para dokter yang digugat telah sesuai dengan standar profesi medik dan dengan suatu upaya maksimal. Tindakan pasien yang memenuhi unsur-unsur contributory negligence, membuatnya tidak menerima ganti rugi sama sekali. Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan agar dokter di dalam menjalankan profesinya, dapat menekankan bahwa hubungannya merupakan suatu upaya maksimal dan pasien juga diharuskan untuk menaati saran dari dokter."

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""ABSTRACT"This thesis discusses about inspanningverbintenis and contributory negligence in medical action. This research is a juridical normative research using qualitative approach. Discussion in this thesis involves the application of inspanningverbintenis in medical action under health law, the application of contributory negligence in medical action, and the application of inspanningverbintenis and contributory negligence in Bandung District Court Ruling No. 514 PDT.G 2013 PN.Bdg. The results of this study suggest that one of the things regulated in health law is the relationship between doctors and patients. Relationships based on agreements in the form of inspanningverbintenis, resulted in the obligations of doctors to provide medical action that is based on maximal effort and in accordance with professional standards. In the event of a contributory negligence in the agreement, the doctors might only be held liable in accordance with the proportion of his her negligence. In this case, the doctors who are sued have acted in accordance with the standards of the medical profession and with a maximum effort. Moreover the patient 39 s actions that has fulfilled the elements of contributory negligence. Therefore, the patients do not have the right to receive any compensation. This research result recommend doctor in carrying out his profession, can emphasize that the relationship between doctor and patients is a maximum effort and patients are also required to obey the advice of the doctor."

"Natrium benzoat dan kalium sorbat merupakan bahan tambahan pangan yang secara luas digunakan pada bahan makanan ataupun minuman guna mencegah atau menghambat kerusakan bahan pangan yang dapat disebabkan oleh jamur, bakteri ataupun mikroba pembusuk. Penentuan kadar natrium benzoat dan kalium sorbat dalam bahan makanan seperti kecap dan saus tomat dilakukan dengan teknik HPLC fasa terbalik dengan kolom C18 dan menggunakan fasa gerak berupa campuran metanol dan buffer fosfat. Kondisi optimum pemisahan kedua bahan pengawet diperoleh pada komposisi fasa gerak metanol : buffer fosfat (15:85) dengan pH buffer 6,8 serta laju alir eluen 1,0 mL/min. Kondisi optimum pemisahan kedua bahan pengawet tersebut memenuhi parameter validasi dengan persen perolehan kembali > 90% dan %RSD < 2% untuk uji presisi. Batas deteksi (LoD) untuk natrium benzoat dan kalium sorbat berturut- turut 2,305 mg/L dan 0,390 mg/L sementara limit kuantisasi (LOQ) natrium benzoat dan kalium sorbat masing-masing sebesar 7,685 mg/L dan 1,300 mg/L.

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Sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate are food additives which widely used in foods or beverages to prevent or to delay the decay of foodstuffs that can be caused by fungi, bacteria, or microbe. Determination of the amount of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate in foods namely soy sauce and tomato sauce was done by HPLC technique in reverse phase with C18 column and the blend of methanol and phosphate buffer as mobile phase. The optimum separation condition for both preservatives was achieved at methanol and phosphate buffer blending ratio of 15 : 85 in which the buffer's pH was 6,8 and the flow rate was 1,0 mL/min. The optimum separation condition for both preservatives agreed to the validation parameters with the percent recovery higher than 90% and %RSD smaller than 2% for the presicion. The limit of detection for sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate were 2,305 mg/L and 0,390 mg/L respectively, while the limit of quantization for sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate were 7,685 mg/L and 1,300 mg/L respectively."

"The increasingly tight business competition owing to free trade mallet and to the increasing Risk Based Capital/RaC level stipulated by government, demanding insurance company serve to overcome those two issues so that it could survive in business. Internal efforts that companies must conduct among are the improvement of services quality. Excellent service quality is expected to results in customer satisfaction, and in turn, make customers loyal. If such condition could be achieved, companies will likely be able to raise premium and their RBC, as well as maintaining and extending its customer number (market share).

Quality improvement programs should be continuously done by always reviewing the concordance between performance and procedures with the established standards. However, the established standard needs to be revisited periodically to see if they still in accordance to consumers need wants or expectation.

In order to learn what factors of services that still require improvement, organization need to know first what factors still containing weaknesses in the service delivery. An approach used to identifying services weaknesses is blueprinting or service cycle analysis, which detaches services to as many moments of truths and their related important activities as possible.

Subsequently, what could be used to learn and measure satisfaction level as well as weaknesses of the detached services activities or performance based on consumers' perception, that could cause dissatisfaction is Servqual method. Using this method, service quality could be determined by measuring gaps between customer?s perception and expectation on certain factor of services."

"Pencemaran udara disebabkan oleh polutan gas-gas beracun, salah satunya adalah Nitrogen Oksida (NOx) yang dihasilkan dari proses pembakaran tidak sempurna. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, sejumlah teknologi untuk penyisihan gas NOx terus dikembangkan, salah satunya adalah absorpsi kimia menggunakan modul membran. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan modul membran serat berongga berbahan dasar polisulfon, yang diaplikasikan dengan prinsip reaktor gelembung. Absorpsi berlangsung dengan menggunakan campuran absorben H2O2 dan HNO3 yang bersifat oksidator kuat. Variabel bebas yang diuji adalah konsentrasi larutan absorben H2O2 sebesar 0,25; 0,5; 1; 5; 10 %wt pada konsentrasi HNO3 konstan sebesar 0,5M dan jumlah serat membran 16, 32, dan 48. Laju alir gas masuk dibiarkan konstan pada 150 ml/menit. Nilai efisiensi penelitian tertinggi dari penelitian adalah 94,64% pada konsentrasi H2O2 10% wt dan jumlah serat membran 48. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah gas NOx yang terabsorbsi bersama dengan efisiensi penyerapan meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi H2O2 pada absorben. Percobaan juga menunjukkan bahwa modul membran dengan jumlah membran yang lebih banyak menghasilkan efisiensi penyerapan yang lebih tinggi.

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Air pollution is mostly caused by toxic gas pollutants, one of which is Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) which is produced from incomplete combustion processes. To overcome this, a number of technologies for NOx gas removal has been continuously developed, one of which is chemical absorption using membrane modules. This research aims to find out about the optimum absorption condition of polysulfone-based hollow fiber module membrane with strong oxidizing agent mixture composed of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric acid (HNO3) as its absorbent. Hollow fiber membrane module is used with bubble reactor working principle. The independent variable observed is the H2O2 concentration which is set to 0,25; 0,5; 1; 5; 10 %wt and number of membrane fibers at 16,32, and 48, while the concentration of HNO3 is kept constant at 0,5M. The inlet flow rate of the NOx gas is set constant at 150 ml/minute. The highest absorption efficiency rate obtained was 94,64% at H2O2 concentration of 10%wt and number of fibers of 48. The experimental results has showed that the amount of NOx absorbed and absorption efficiency improves with increasing H2O2 absorbent concentration. On the other hand, the experiment also shows that membrane modules with more number of fibers results in higher absorption efficiency."

"Solanum torvum Swartz digunakan sebagai obat-obatan, tanaman hias, dan merupakan makanan tambahan yang dimakan dengan nasi (lalap). Solasodin adalah salah satu senyawa kimia yang terkandung dalam buah Solanum torvum dan telah terbukti sebagai senyawa antifertilitas. Penelitian ini merupakan studi pendahuluan efek antifertilitas ekstrak buah Solanum torvum terhadap motilitas clan abnormalitas spermatozoa mencit (Mus musculus L.) jantan galur Swiss derived. Pencekokan dilakukan selama 36 hari, dengan dosis 0,25; 0,5; 1 mg/kg bb/hari. Pengaruh perlakuan dapat diketahui dengan mengamati bentuk morfologi spermatozoa, denganpewarnaan Giemsa dan Eosin-Y 0,6 %. Penghitungan persentase jumlah spermatozoa motil dan abnormal dilakukan pada 1.000 spermatozoa.Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak buah Solanum torvum dengan dosis 0,25; 0,5; 1 mg/kg bb/hari tidak mempengaruhi jumiah total spermatozoa, tetapi menurunkan persentase jumlah spermatozoa motil dan meningkatkan persentase jumlah spermatozoa abnormal."