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Abstrak :
Hipertensi menduduki tempat kedua sebagai penyakit tidak menular terbanyak di Indonesia. Penyakit ini menyebabkan kerusakan multi organ hingga kematian. Hipertensi yang terkendali diharapkan dapat menunda komplikasi. Saat ini, hampir seperlima penduduk Indonesia obes. Obesitas berkaitan dengan kemunculan hipertensi namun belum diketahui hubungannya terhadap pengendalian hipertensi. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian mengenai hubungan obesitas terhadap kendali tekanan darah pasien hipertensi agar dapat membantu dalam penatalaksanaan hipertensi. Desain penelitian adalah cross-sectional mempergunakan data rekam medik pasien hipertensi poliklinik IPD RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta. Sejumlah 117 data terkumpul. Didapatkan prevalensi hipertensi tidak terkendali sebanyak 41%, dengan rasio terbanyak pada subjek laki-laki. Prevalensi obesitas sebesar 50,4%, dengan rasio terbanyak pada subjek perempuan. Pada kelompok obesitas didapatkan proporsi hipertensi terkendali 64,4%, dan hipertensi tidak terkendali 35,6%. Sedangkan pada kelompok tidak obes didapatkan proporsi hipertensi terkendali 53,4%, dan hipertensi tidak terkendali 46,6 % dengan nilai p = 0,228 (p>0,05), RP 0,765 dengan IK 95% 0,492 ? 1,188. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara obesitas dengan hipertensi tidak terkendali. ......Hypertension is the second most prevalent non-communicable disease in Indonesia capable of causing multi organ damages even death. The essential target in hypertension management is to achieve controlled blood pressure in order to delay its complications. Nowadays, approximately one in five Indonesian has become obese. Obesity itself is highly associated with hypertension occurrence. Yet, there is no distinct evidence that show its association to hypertension control. Thus, this research is aimed to find the association between obesity in hypertensive patients to the blood pressure control. Method used in this study is cross-sectional. As much as 117 secondary datas were collected from patients? medical records in Internal Medicine clinic diagnosed with hypertension. The prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension is 41% , dominated by male subjects. The prevalence of obesity among subjects is 50.4%, with higher proportion in females. Within the obese group, the proportion of controlled hypertension reaches 64.4%, while proportion for uncontrolled is 35.6%. Meanwhile, in the non-obese group, the proportion of controlled hypertension is 53.4%, whereas uncontrolled is 46,6%. The p-value result is 0.228 (p >0.05) with PR 0.765 with 95% CI 0.492 ? 1.188. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no significant association between obesity with uncontrolled hypertension.

Abstrak :
Gangguan menelan atau disfagia sering dijumpai pada pasien stroke, kanker kepala dan leher, serta lansia. Disfagia dapat meningkatkan risiko malnutrisi, aspirasi, dan kematian. Pasien disfagia juga rentan mengalami ansietas atau depresi yang berdampak pada penurunan kualitas hidup. Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI) merupakan instrumen swaisi yang dirancang khusus untuk menilai kualitas hidup pasien disfagia. Instrumen DHI terdiri dari 25 pertanyaan yang meliputi penilaian domain fisik, fungsional, dan emosional, serta telah diterjemahkan dan divalidasi dalam berbagai bahasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji validitas dan reliabilitas DHI versi Bahasa Indonesia. Kuesioner DHI diterjemahkan ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia melalui proses forward translation dan backward translation, serta cognitive debriefing. Hasil terjemahan balik juga didiskusikan dan disetujui oleh penulis utama DHI. Kuesioner DHI versi Bahasa Indonesia (DHI-INA) final kemudian diujikan kepada 46 subjek dengan berbagai etiologi disfagia. Sebanyak 20 subjek kemudian melakukan pengisian ulang satu minggu setelah pengisian pertama. DHI-INA menunjukkan korelasi yang kuat antara masing-masing domain dan skor total [fisik (r = 0,93); fungsional (r = 0,97); emosional (r = 0,93); dan keparahan (r = 0,84)]. Konsistensi internal DHI-INA juga menunjukkan nilai yang baik (Cronbach's = 0,87), begitu pula uji tes-retest untuk skor total (ICC = 0,94). Tingkat keterbacaan DHI-INA setara dengan kelas 7 berdasarkan formula grafik Fry. Kuesioner DHI-INA merupakan kuesioner yang valid dan reliabel untuk menilai kualitas hidup pasien disfagia. ......Swallowing problem or dysphagia often found in stroke patients, head and neck cancer, and elderly. Dysphagia increases the risk of malnutrition, aspiration, and death. Patient with dysphagia also prone to have anxiety or depression which has an impact on decreasing quality of life. The Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI) is a self-administered instrument specially designed to assess the quality of life of dysphagic patients. The DHI instrument consists of 25 questions covering physical, functional, and emotional aspects and has been translated and validated into various languages. This study aims to test the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of DHI. The DHI questionnaire was translated into Indonesian through a forward and backward translation process, and cognitive debriefing. The backward translation results were discussed and approved by the lead author of DHI. The final Indonesian version of the DHI Questionnaire (DHI-INA) was then tested on 46 subjects with various etiologies of dysphagia. A total of 20 subjects were then refilled one week after the first administration. DHI-INA showed strong correlation between each domain and total score [physical (r = 0.93); functional (r = 0.97); emotional (r = 0.93); and severity (r = 0.84)]. The internal consistency of DHI-INA was also good (Cronbach's a = 0.87), as well as test–retest reliability for the total scores (ICC = 0.94). The readability level of DHI-INA is 7th grade using the Fry graph formula. The DHI-INA questionnaire is a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess the quality of life of dysphagia patients.