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"ABSTRAKThe design and construction of eight-bit tune delay autocorrelator is discussed, suitable for use in photon correlation experiments. The sampling time of the correlator can be varied from 1 usec to 100/usec, devide into a number ( typically 256 ) channels (time interval). The instruments records the number of pulses occuring in each sampling time and is stored in location memory in a RAM-BANK. The data is stored in binary form,the data can be converted to analog form by digital to analog converter and is displayed on an oscilloscope."

"Latar belakang dalam penulisan tesis ini yaitu meningkatnya investor asing yang menanamkan modalnya ke Indonesia, yang sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara, antara lain dengan cara membeli saham PT Non Fasilitas sehingga PT tersebut berubah menjadi PMA. Permasalahan terjadi apabila PT yang telah berubah menjadi PMA tersebut sudah terlebih dahulu mempunyai saham pada PT lain, apakah PT lain tersebut akan berubah menjadi PMA juga? Perubahan PT Non Fasilitas menjadi PMA memerlukan jasa notaris sehingga notaris mempunyai peran yang penting. Notaris harus dapat menjalankan kewenangan dan kewajibannya sesuai Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris dan dituntut tidak hanya menguasai hukum perusahaan, tetapi juga hukum penanaman modal karena perubahan PT Non Fasilitas menjadi PMA memberikan dampak yang harus dimengerti oleh notaris dalam menjalankan tugasnya secara profesional. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif dan bersifat deskriptif serta multi disipliner dengan analisa kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menyarankan agar lembaga yang berwenang dan/atau BKPM dapat merevisi beberapa ketentuan dalam kaitannya dengan perubahan PT Non Fasilitas menjadi PMA. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa peran notaris dalam perubahan PT Non Fasilitas menjadi PMA sangat penting dan notaris harus dapat menjalankan kewenangannya dengan baik sampai aktanya mendapat persetujuan dan/atau penerimaan pemberitahuan dari pihak yang berwenang.

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The background of this thesis is the rising number of foreign investors in Indonesia exists due to the several reasons (of which such reasons are in conform to the prevailing law and regulations), among others is through the purchase of shares from a Non Facility PT until the said PT changed its status to be a PMA. The problem arises if prior to the change of status, the newly status PMA owns shares in other PT, then will the other PT change its status to be PMA too? The process in the change of Non Facility PT to PMA requires the service of a Notary, henceforth, the Notary has an important role. Notary must function its authorization and obligations in accordance to the Notary Law and is required to be competent not only in the Corporate Law, but also in the Investment Law because the change of status from a Non Facility PT to PMA results in a consequences that needs to be understood by the Notary in performing his/her duties professionally. This thesis is a legal normative research which has a descriptive and multi-disciplines with qualitative analysis characteristic. Results from this research is to recommend to the competent agency and/or BKPM to amend several provisions in related to the change of Non Facility PT to PMA. From this research, it can be concluded that the role of a Notary in the change of Non Facility PT to become a PMA is very imporatnat and the Notary must be able to function his/her authority well until the deed obtains approval and/or the acceptance of notification from the competent party."

"Kecemasan kehamilan dan ketakutan persalinan merupakan masalah psikologis yang sering terjadi pada trimester III kehamilan yang memberikan dampak negatif terhadap maternal dan janin. Salah satu intervensi non farmakologi yang dapat menurunkan tingkat kecemasan kehamilan dan ketakutan persalinan adalah pemberian edukasi antenatal dengan media audiovisual. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh edukasi antenatal dengan media audiovisual terhadap kecemasan kehamilan dan ketakutan persalinan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian quasi experiment Pre post test with control  group yang melibatkan 77 ibu hamil yang dibagi dalam dua kelompok yaitu kelompok intervensi mendapatkan edukasi rutin dikombinasikan dengan audiovisual dan kelompok kontrol mendapatkan edukasi rutin. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan consecutive sampling pada ibu hamil yang memiliki usia kehamilan 28 – 33 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa edukasi antenatal dengan media audiovisual lebih memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dalam menurunkan kecemasan kehamilan dan ketakutan persalinan (Pvalue <0,001), lebih lanjut didapatkan bahwa meskipun faktor pendidikan memiliki hubungan dengan kecemasan kehamilan, namun faktor yang paling berpengaruh adalah faktor edukasi audiovisual (Pvalue <0,001) dengan pengaruh sebesar 20,21 % terhadap kecemasan kehamilan dan 84,30% terhadap ketakutan persalinan. Sehingga pemberian edukasi audiovisual direkomendasikan untuk diterapkan dalam layanan antenatal care sebagai upaya untuk menurunkan kecemasan kehamilan dan ketakutan persalinan pada ibu hamil.

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Pregnancy anxiety and fear of childbirth are psychological problems that often occur in the third trimester of pregnancy that have a negative impact on the mother and fetus. One of the non-pharmacological interventions that can reduce the level of pregnancy anxiety and fear of childbirth is the provision of antenatal education with audiovisual media. The purpose of this study is to see the effect of antenatal education with audiovisual media on pregnancy anxiety and fear of childbirth. This study used  a quasi-experiment research design Pre post test with control group involving 77 pregnant women who were divided into two groups, namely the intervention group received routine education combined with audiovisual and the control group received routine education. Sample selection used consecutive sampling in pregnant women who had a gestational age of 28 – 33 weeks. The results showed that antenatal education with audiovisual media had a more significant influence in reducing pregnancy anxiety and fear of childbirth (Pvalue <0.001), further found that although the educational factor has a relationship with pregnancy anxiety, the most influential factor was the audiovisual education factor (Pvalue <0.001) with an effect of 20.21% on pregnancy anxiety and 84.30% on fear of childbirth. Therefore, the provision of audiovisual education is recommended to be applied in antenatal care services as an effort to reduce pregnancy anxiety and fear of childbirth in pregnant women."

"[ABSTRAKPenyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK) merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas di dunia.Beberapa faktor risiko PPOK juga merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya tuberkulosis (TB).Beberapa penelitian di luar ditemukan prevalens TB paru pada pasien PPOK sekitar 2,6% - 10%.Indonesia khususnya di RSUP Persahabatan belum ada data proporsi TB paru pada pasien PPOK.Objektif: tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan angka proporsi TB paru pada pasien PPOK di RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta.Metode: desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang. Pasien PPOK (belum diobati dengan obat anti tuberkulosis) yang berkunjung di poliklinik Asma/PPOK RSUP Persahabatan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi.Subjek diperiksa dahak BTA dan pemeriksaan Xpert MTB/RIF. Saat pasien berkunjung, dilakukan anamnesis gejala, eksaserbasi, riwayat merokok, penggunaan kortikosteroid (oral atau inhalasi), komorbid, skor CAT, penilaian status gizi, spirometri dan foto toraks. Semua data dilakukan analisis dengan uji chisquare.Hasil: subjek terbanyak adalah laki-laki (97,3%) dengan kelompok usia 60-79 tahun (74,3%), dengan komorbid terbanyak penyakit jantung (41,9%), gejala klinis terbanyak batuk berdahak (81,1%). Berdasarkan derajat PPOK terbanyak adalah GOLD 3 (44,6%) dan frekuensi eksaserbasi tersering 0-1 (78,4%) dengan menggunakan steroid sebanyak 59,5%. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan pemeriksaan dahak BTA positif 1,4% dan Xpert MTB/RIF positif 2,7%, artinya pemeriksaan Xpert MTB/RIF mempunyai angka kepositifan lebih tinggi dibanding dahak BTA. Dalam penelitian ini didapatkan proporsi TB paru pada pasien PPOK sebanyak 2,7%.Dalam Penelitian ini tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna secara statistik antara derajat PPOK, status gizi, penggunaan kortikosteroid, status merokok dengan prevalens TB paru pada pasien PPOK (p > 0,05).Pada penelitian ini didapatkan hubungan bermakna pada frekuensi eksaserbasi PPOK, hasil pemeriksaan dahak BTA dan hasil pemeriksaan Xpert MTB/RIF dengan proporsi TB paru (p < 0,05).Kesimpulan: proporsi TB pada pasien PPOK di RSUP Persahabatan Jakarta adalah 2,7%. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara frekuensi eksaserbasi PPOK dengan proporsi TB paru pada pasien PPOK (p = 0,0006). Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara hasil pemeriksaan dahak BTA dan hasil pemeriksaan Xpert MTB/RIF dengan proporsi TB paru pada pasien PPOK dengan nilai p < 0,05 (p = 0,000).

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ABSTRACTChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Some of the risk factors for COPD are also risk factors for tuberculosis (TB). Some studies abroad have found the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in COPD patients were 2.6 - 10%. There are no data on the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with COPD in Indonesia, particularly in The Department of Pulmonology PersahabatanHospital, Jakarta. Objective: the purpose of this study is to obtain proportion of pulmonary TB in COPD patients in The Department of Pulmonology Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study. COPD patients (anti-tuberculosis drugs naive) who visit the Asthma/COPD clinic PersahabatanHospital which meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects went through acid-fast bacilli sputum smear and Xpert MTB/RIF examination. On patients visit, symptoms, exacerbations history, history of smoking, use of corticosteroids (oral or inhaled), comorbidities, CAT scores, assessment of nutritional status, spirometry and chest X-ray data had been obtained. All data were analyzed with chi-square test. Results: most subjects were male (97.3%) in the age group 60-79 years (74.3%), with mostly found comorbid was heart disease (41.9%), and mostly found clinical symptoms was productive cough (81.1%). Based on classification of COPD is GOLD 3 (44.6%) and the most exacerbation frequency was 0-1 (78.4%) with 59.5% history of steroid usage. In this study, examination of AFB sputum smear positive 1.4% and the Xpert MTB/RIF positive 2.7%, It shows Xpert MTB/RIF examination has a higher positivity rate than AFB sputum smear. The proportion of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with COPD was 2.7%. We also found no statistically significant relationship between classification of COPD, nutritional status, use of corticosteroids, smoking status with the proportion of pulmonary tuberculosis in COPD patients (p> 0.05) but we found a significant difference in the exacerbations frequency of COPD, the results of sputum smear examination and the results of Xpert MTB/RIF with proportion of pulmonary TB (p <0.05).Conclusion: the proportion of tuberculosis in patients with COPD in The Department of PulmonologyPersahabatan Hospital Jakarta is 2.7%. There is astatistically significant difference between the frequency of exacerbations of COPD with proportion of pulmonary TB in patients with COPD (p = 0.0006). An association is statistically significant different between the results of sputum smear examination and the results of Xpert MTB/RIF with the proportion of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with COPD with a value of p <0.05 (p = 0.000)., Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity andmortality in the world. Some of the risk factors for COPD are also risk factors fortuberculosis (TB). Some studies abroad have found the prevalence of pulmonarytuberculosis in COPD patients were 2.6 - 10%. There are no data on the prevalence ofpulmonary tuberculosis patients with COPD in Indonesia, particularly in The Departmentof Pulmonology Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta. Objective: the purpose of this study is toobtain proportion of pulmonary TB in COPD patients in The Department of PulmonologyPersahabatan Hospital, Jakarta. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study. COPD patients(anti-tuberculosis drugs naive) who visit the Asthma/COPD clinic Persahabatan Hospitalwhich meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects went through acid-fast bacillisputum smear and Xpert MTB/RIF examination. On patients visit, symptoms,exacerbations history, history of smoking, use of corticosteroids (oral or inhaled),comorbidities, CAT scores, assessment of nutritional status, spirometry and chest X-raydata had been obtained. All data were analyzed with chi-square test. Results: mostsubjects were male (97.3%) in the age group 60-79 years (74.3%), with mostly foundcomorbid was heart disease (41.9%), and mostly found clinical symptoms was productivecough (81.1%). Based on classification of COPD is GOLD 3 (44.6%) and the mostexacerbation frequency was 0-1 (78.4%) with 59.5% history of steroid usage. In thisstudy, examination of AFB sputum smear positive 1.4% and the Xpert MTB/RIF positive2.7%, It shows Xpert MTB/RIF examination has a higher positivity rate than AFBsputum smear. The proportion of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with COPD was2.7%. We also found no statistically significant relationship between classification ofCOPD, nutritional status, use of corticosteroids, smoking status with the proportion ofpulmonary tuberculosis in COPD patients (p> 0.05) but we found a significant differencein the exacerbations frequency of COPD, the results of sputum smear examination andthe results of Xpert MTB/RIF with proportion of pulmonary TB (p <0.05). Conclusion:the proportion of tuberculosis in patients with COPD in The Department of PulmonologyPersahabatan Hospital Jakarta is 2.7%. There is a statistically significant differencebetween the frequency of exacerbations of COPD with proportion of pulmonary TB inpatients with COPD (p = 0.0006). An association is statistically significant differentbetween the results of sputum smear examination and the results of Xpert MTB/RIF with the proportion of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with COPD with a value of p <0.05 (p = 0.000).]"