Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Berlakunya Undang-Undang Administrasi Pemerintahan selain telah menjawab kebutuhan atas adanya suatu undang-undang yang mengatur tentang hukum materiil bagi Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara di Indonesia juga telah menimbulkan permasalahan tersendiri dalam pengaturannya. Hal ini karena Undang-Undang Administrasi Pemerintahan telah mengatur bahwa Badan Pemerintahan dapat ditetapkan sebagai pihak yang bertanggungjawab untuk mengembalikan kerugian negara, yang mana pengaturan tersebut justru bertentangan dengan pengertian dari kerugian negara itu sendiri sebagaimana diatur dalam Perundang-Undangan Bidang Keuangan Negara yang menempatkan negara sebagai pihak yang menderita kerugian dalam hal terjadinya kerugian negara. Penelitian ini disusun dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif yang bertujuan untuk menguji kesesuaian antara norma-norma hukum yang belaku dalam Undang-Undang Administrasi Pemerintahan dengan Perundang-Undangan Bidang Keuangan Negara. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Badan Pemerintahan tidak dapat ditetapkan sebagai subyek hukum penanggung jawab atas terjadinya kerugian negara. Pengaturan tersebut cenderung tidak logis secara hukum karena mengatur bahwa Badan Pemerintahan sebagai wujud perwakilan dari negara itu sendiri dapat diminta untuk melakukan pengembalian atau pembayaran kerugian negara kepada dirinya sendiri. Dengan demikian untuk kedepannya perlu dilakukan perbaikan-perbaikan atas ketentuan yang berlaku dalam Undang-Undang Administrasi Pemerintahan agar sejalan dengan ketentuan-ketentuan yang telah berlaku sebelumnya dalam Perundang-Undangan Bidang Keuangan Negara.

---

The enactment of the Law of Government Administration in addition to having answered the need for the existence of a law regulating the material law for the State Administrative Court in Indonesia has also raised its own problems on its regulation. This is because the Law of Government Administration has provided that the Government Officials may be designated as the party responsible for returning the state losses, in which the arrangement contradicts with the meaning of state losses itself as stipulated in the Laws of State Finance which places the state as a party suffering losses in the event of a state losses. This research is compiled by using normative juridical research method which aims to test the conformity between legal norms that are applied in Law of Government Administration and Laws of State Finance. The results of this research indicate that the Government Officials can not be designated as the legal subject in charge of the state losses. This regulation is tend not to be legally logical because it provides that the Government Officials as a representative form of the state itself may be required to return or pay the state losses to the state itself. Therefore, for further, it is necessary to make revisions of the provisions applicable in the Law of Government Administration to be in line with the provisions that have been applied before in the Laws of State Finance."

"Abstrak The passage Law Number 30 of 2014 on Government Administration has raised its own problems due to its clauses regarding legal subjects that could be charged with reinstating state losses. This is due to the fact that such Law provides that government institutions can be determined as the party that is responsible for reinstating state loss that have occurred, which contradicts with the definition of state loss as stipulated in the applicable state finance laws that position the state as the party suffering the loss when a state loss is incurred. This research has been conducted using a normative legal research method which aims to test consistency between the legal norms applied in Law Number 30 of 2014 and the laws on state finance. Result of this research demonstrates that government institutions cannot be designated as the legal subject responsible for state losses. Such stipulation is not legally logical as it asserts that government institutions that are in fact representatives of the State may be required to return or pay the state losses to the state. Therefore there needs to be a revision to the relevant provisions of Law Number 30 of 2014 in order for such law to be in line with the provisions that presently govern state finance."

"Latar belakang: Prediabetes didefinisikan sebagai keadaan hiperglikemia dengan kadar glukosa di atas normal dan dapat berkembang menjadi keadaan diabetes. Beberapa studi membuktikan keadaan defisiensi vitamin D berhubungan dengan keadaan resistensi insulin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efek modulasi suplementasi vitamin D terhadap mekanisme molekular pada kondisi resistensi insulin melaluli regulasi persinyalan jalur inflamasi dan mikrobiota usus pada tikus prediabetes.Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tahun 2019-2021 di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia dan Medica Satwa Laboratory Bogor. Eksperimen dilakukan pada tikus Wistar jantan berumur 4 minggu. Tikus akan dibagi secara acak, yaitu tikus yang menerima diet normal dan diet tinggi lemak dan tinggi glukosa (DTL-G)yang dikombinasi dengan dosis rendah injeksi streptozotocin 30 mg/kgBB intraperitoneal pada minggu ketiga. Setelah itu dilakukan tes toleransi glukosa oral (TTGO) dengan dosis 2 gram/kgBB pada tikus. Jika telah terjadi resistensi insulin (model tikus prediabetes) maka tikus prediabetes dibagi dalam tiga kelompok secara acak yaitu: (1) kelompok yang tidak diberi terapi, (2) kelompok yang diterapi vitamin D3 dosis 100 IU/kg/hari, (3) kelompok yang diterapi vitamin D3 dosis 1000 IU/kgBB/hari bersamaan dengan induksi DTL-G 12 minggu. Setelah itu akan dilakukan pengukuran kadar glukosa darah puasa (GDP), kadar glukosa darah 2 jam pasca-bebas glukosa, nilai HOMA-IR, kadar Glycated albumin, profil hematologi, kadar 25(OH)D3,pengamatan histopatologi pankreas, kadar TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, NF-κB, TLR2, TLR4, PPARg, IRS1, dan komposisi mikrobiota usus.Hasil: Pada tikus prediabetes terjadi peningkatan nilai glukosa darah puasa, kadar glukosa darah 2 jam pasca-bebas glukosa, nilai HOMA-IR, kadar Glycated albumin, serta perubahan profil hematologi. Pemberian vitamin D 1000 IU mampu menurunkan nilai GDP, TTGO, Glycated albumin, HOMA-IR, serta mampu mengurangi degenerasi pada pulau Langerhans. Vitamin D 1000 IU mampu meningkatan sitokin anti-inflamasi IL-10, menurunkan ekspresi TLR2 dan TLR4, mengembalikan ekspresi IRS seperti kelompok normal, serta dapat meningkatkan keragaman mikrobiota. Suplementasi vitamin D berkorelasi dengan kadar PPARg, IRS1, TLR2, TLR4, dan sel beta pankreas.Kesimpulan: Pemberian vitamin D 1000 IU bersamaan dengan DTL-G pada tikus prediabetes dapat memberikan perbaikan kondisi resistensi insulin, meningkatkan sitokin anti-inflamasi, mengembalikan nilai ekspresi PPARg, meningkatkan ekspresi protein IRS1 kembali seperti kelompok normal, serta meningkatkan keragaman mikrobiota yang berkorelasi dengan regulasi persinyalan sitokin inflamasi.

---

Introduction: Prediabetes is defined as a state of intermediate hyperglycemia and can lead to type 2 diabetes. Several studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with insulin resistance. This study aimed to analyze the modulating effect of vitamin D supplementation on the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance through signaling regulation pathways of inflammation and gut microbiota in prediabetic rats.

Methods: The study was conducted during 2019-2021 at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia and Medica Satwa Laboratory Bogor. The experiments was conducted on male Wistar rats of 4 weeks. Rats were divided randomly into control and a high-fat and high-glucose (HFD-G) diet combined with 30 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in the third week. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at 2 grams/kgBW gluocose. If insulin resistance has occurred (prediabetic rat model) then rats were randomly divided into three groups, namely: (1) the group that was not given therapy, (2) the group with vitamin D3 at a dose of 100 IU/kgBW/day, (3) the group with vitamin D3 at a dose of 1000 IU/kgBW/day together with HFD-G in 12 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, OGTT, HOMA-IR, Glycated albumin levels, hematological profiles, 25(OH)D3 levels, pancreatic histopathological observations, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, NF-B, TLR2, TLR4, PPARg, IRS1, and gut microbiota composition was evaluated.

Results: In prediabetic rats there was an increase in FBG, OGTT, HOMA-IR, Glycated albumin levels, and changes in hematological profiles. The administration of vitamin D 1000 IU could reduce the levels of FBG, OGTT, Glycated albumin, HOMA-IR, and could reduce degeneration of the islets of Langerhans. Vitamin D 1000 IU increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, decreased the expression of TLR2 and TLR4, increased IRS1 expression like the normal group, and increased the diversity of gut microbiota. Vitamin D supplementation correlated with levels of PPARg, IRS1, TLR2, TLR4, and pancreatic beta cells.

Conclusion: Vitamin D 1000 IU vitamin D together with HFD-G in prediabetic rat could reduce insulin resistance, increased anti-inflammatory cytokines, increased PPARg expression level, increased IRS1 protein expression, and increased diversity of gut microbiota which correlates with signaling regulation of Inflammatory Pathways."