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Abstrak :
Dengan diproduksinya banyak plastik kemasan meningkatkan jumlah sampah plastik kemasan pasca-konsumen. Dalam kondisinya saat ini, rantai nilai plastik kemasan tidak dimanfaatkan dengan maksimal untuk mendapatkan nilai ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun konsep alur plastik kemasan dari hasil analisis dampak lingkungan serta kesadaran lingkungan dimana untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut digunakan metode analisis LCA, analisis environmental prices, analisis jalur, serta analisis deskriptif. Temuan penelitian ini mencakup dampak lingkungan, biaya lingkungan, kesadaran lingkungan, serta susunan konsep alur pengelolaan plastik kemasan. Analisis keseluruhan produksi plaastik kemasan menunjukkan dampak tertinggi dihasilkan dari produksi bahan baku plastik dengan biaya lingkungan sebesar Rp. 14.586.000 per ton plastik kemasan serta pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku berpengaruh sebesar 76.81% terhadap kesadaran lingkungan maka konsep pengelolaan plastik kemasan yang dapat dilakukan adalah berlandaskan ekonomi sirkular dengan memperpanjang rantai hidup dari plastik kemasan. ......The production of a lot of plastic packaging increases the amount of post-consumer plastic packaging waste. In its current condition, the plastic packaging value chain is not being utilized optimally to obtain economic value. This research aims to develop a concept for the flow of plastic packaging from the results of environmental impact analysis and environmental awareness, where to achieve this goal, LCA analysis methods, environmental prices analysis, path analysis and descriptive analysis are used. The findings of this research include environmental impacts, environmental costs, environmental awareness, as well as the concept of plastic packaging management flows. The overall analysis of plastic packaging production shows that the highest impact results from the production of plastic raw materials with environmental costs of IDR. 14.586.000 per ton of plastic packaging and knowledge, attitudes and behavior have an influence of 76.81% on environmental awareness, so the concept of managing plastic packaging that can be implemented is based on a circular economy by extending the life chain of plastic packaging.

Abstrak :
Banyaknya ilmenit di Indonesia sebagai bahan baku besi-baja sudah sering terdengar. Titanium sebagai logam serba guna yang juga terkandung di dalam ilmenit bisa menjadi industri baru di Indonesia. Tidak berkembangnya industri titanium di Indonesia karena harganya yang mahal dan pengolahannya yang sulit. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengolahan titanium yang sederhana dan dengan bahan baku yang cukup minim namun menghasilkan recovery yang cukup. Pada penelitian ini diuji efek dari konsentrasi fluks pada hasil recovery titanium dengan bukti pengendapan pada proses leaching. Fluks yang digunakan adalah natrium hidroksida digunakan untuk mereduksi titanium dari ilmenite. Konsentrasi fluks memiliki tiga variabel yaitu 1:1 (Ilmenite:NaOH), 1:1.5, dan 1:0.5. Sampel dipreparasi dengan magnetic separator dan juga pengayakan untuk mendapatkan FeTiO3 dan ukuran partikel #120, dan dikarakterisasi terlebih dahulu dengan hasil Ti sebesar 3.21%, kemudian di lebur bersama dengan fluks dan aditif. Setelah dilebur dan dicuci dengan aquades kemudian disaring. Filtrat yang berada di kertas saring dianggap sebagai tailing dan diuji menggunakan spectrometer UV Vis dengan hasil konsentrasi Ti 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5 yaitu 12.2 mg/L, 11.8 mg/L dan 11.26 mg/L. Kemudian konsentrat yang berhasil lolos dari kertas saring dilindih dengan pH 7. Endapan yang terjadi di saring dan hasil saringan diuji Spektrometer UV Vis dengan hasil konsentrasi Ti terhadap variabel fluks 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5 yaitu 24.8 mg/L, 13.07 mg/L, 12.1 mg/L. %recovery titanium Setelah proses pirometalurgi berdasarkan konsentrasi fluks 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1,5 adalah 92,83%, 82,55%, dan 75,389% dan %recovery titanium setelah proses pelindihan sesuai dengan konsentrasi fluks adalah 18,9%, 8,723% dan 8.52%. Penggunaan natrium hidroksida membantu titanium pelepasan ikatan dari ilmenite, tetapi memiliki batas optimal, dalam hal ini konsentrasi optimumnya adalah 1:0.5 (ilmenit: NaOH).

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Most ilmenite in Indonesia becomes iron-steel making?s feed is commonly heard. Titanium as a multifunctional metals which also contained in ilmenite, can be a breakthrough in Indonesia. The undeveloped titanium industry in Indonesia is because of the difficulties of processing which also expensive. In this research, titanium processing with a simple practice is applied and also with minimum resources but resulting great titanium recovery. In this research, the concentration of flux is tested for seeing the result of titanium recovery with a proof of suspension on leaching process. The flux that is being used is sodium hydroxide which is reducing titanium from ilmenite. The flux concentration is split into 3 variables which are 1:1 (Ilmenite:NaOH), 1:1.5, and 1:0.5. The sample preparation starts with applying iron sand on magnetic separator to separate the ilmenite, silicate, and also magnetite. After that the ilmenites are sieved with a #120 sieve as a result its mass is 150 grand then the ilmenite is characterized with EDX and resulting a 3.21% titanium. The ilmenites are mixed with flux and additive on fusion process at 900oC. The molten ilmenites are poured into a mold and crushed into a pieces, after that the crushed ilmenites are rinsed with aquades due to separate the titanium dioxide with filter. The amount of ilmenite that stays on the filter is assumed as a tailing and characterized by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy) and the result of % Ti according to the concentration of flux 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5 are 12.2 %, 11.8%and 11.26 %. Filtrate that passed the filter is leached with pH 7. The suspension that happened on leaching process is also filtered and the filtrate is characterized with AAS, and the result of Ti concentration according to the concentration of flux 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5 are 24.8 mg/L 13.07 mg/L, 12.1 mg/L. Titanium recovery after pyrometallurgy process according to the concentration of flux 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5 are 92.83 %, 82.55 %, and 75.389 % and titanium recovery after leaching process according ti the concentration of flux are 18.9 %, 8.723 % and 8.52 %. The usage of sodium hydroxide helps titanium breaks its bond from ilmenite, but it has its optimum limit, in this case its optimum concentration is 1:0.5 (ilmenite:NaOH).