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"ABSTRACTThe government's efforts to reduce the maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesiahave not shown significant results. Based on the 2012Indonesian Demographic andHealth Survey (IDHS), the MMR has significantly increased from 228 in2007 to 359in 2012; far beyond the MDG's target. The Ministry of Health found that there arethree main medical factors for maternal mortality: hemorrhage, eclampsia, andinfection. However, poverty and vulnerability of women in the society due to genderinequality, the lack of public awareness on the maternal health, the lack of healthfacilities utilization, and the distance between health facilities and the pregnantwomen's residence are some examples of factors that also contribute to the highMMR in Indonesia. This study aims to find a comprehensive model to reduce MMRin lndonesia by conducting a participatory action research. Specifically, the studywill: (1) find a comprehensive intervention model, and (2) provide comprehensiveand multilevel policy recommendations to policymakers and local government toreduce the MMR, Methodologically, this study not only uses mixed methods bycombining qualitative and quantitative approaches, but also integrates a participatoryaction research approach with the strategy of planned change as a social interventionstrategy. The data analysis is conducted with the spatial analysis approach, usinggeographical information system technique."

"ABSTRACTEconomic growth and urbanization have changed global dietary habits and caused nutrition transitionglobally. Urban people, especially in developing countries, eat away from home, consuming more polishedgrains, fats and animal product, refined sugar and processed foods compared to rural people (Helman,2000). The change in consumption pattern which leads to nutritional change, in the long run, may beharmful for health of the people, including adolescents. Some studies indicate the change in consumptionpattern among the adolescents worldwide. The change in eating habits among young people due to somechronic diseases, are allegedly caused by adolescence’s unhealthy diet. A survey of middle and high schoolstudents in Minnesota shows that the youth consume more calories from fast food meals; they havedifficulty getting healthy food as there is higher proportion of unhealthy food, therefore making themprone to being overweight (Widome, Neumark‐Sztainer, Hannan, Haines, & Story, 2009). A qualitativestudy that identifies barriers to healthy eating among second level schools across Ireland showed thataggressive marketing by fast food franchises draw adolescents to these outlets although they know it isunhealthy; youth have autonomy over their eating behaviour and tend to eat unhealthily once they areindependent (Stevenson, Doherty, Barnett, Muldoon, & Trew, 2007)."

"Despite the growing number of new cases of HIV and AIDS in Indonesia, the progress ofprevention programs has been slow. Low prevalence is always stated as a reason for delayingHIV prevention programs and to justify slow progress in implementation. Prevention programsare moreover based on a high-risk group paradigm. They focus on female sex workers asresponsible for the spread of HIV, leading to its stigmatization as a hooker?s disease. This articledescribes how seropositive mothers interpret and respond to HIV and AIDS as women, in lightof the fact that most of them have not experienced full-blown AIDS. Some women had alreadyexperienced severe illnesses caused by HIV but defined their ill health by the symptoms theyexperienced, revealing that they did not really feel as if they were living with HIV and AIDS.Despite the fact that some members had died due to AIDS, many still could not believe thatthey were suffering from HIV and AIDS or that their illnesses were caused by it; rather, theirsymptoms were of other diseases such as diarrhoea, tuberculosis, or hepatitis. And thoughthey realized that their past (or present) behaviours put them at risk, they maintained thatthey were victims who had contracted the disease from their promiscuous or drug-injectinghusbands. Even when they did admit that their own behaviour had something to do with it,they did not consider HIV and AIDS as a disease but a curse from God, a punishment fortheir immoral behaviour.Keywords: Women, Infectious Disease, Interpretation, HIV and AIDS, Support Group,Indonesia"