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Abstrak :
Uji mikronukleus adalah cara yang lebih mudah untuk melihat patah kromosom, dibandingkan pemeriksaan sitogenetika yang lazim digunakan. Salah satu cara standar uji mikronukleus adalah dengan meneliti limfosit berinti dua yang didapat dari biakan. Untuk membiakkan limfosit, diperlukan sarana khusus dan biayanya relatif tinggi. Pada penelitan terdahulu, dengan cara sederhana, kami telah berhasil membuat sediaan yang kaya sel mononuklir bersitoplasma banyak, yang diharapkan dapat menggantikan limfosit berinti dua pada uji mikronukleus standar. Pada penelitian ini kami bertujuan untuk menguji sensitivitas dan spesifisitas uji mikronukleus pada sediaan yang kaya sel mononuklir bersitoplasma banyak, dibanding dengan pada limfosit berinti dua (cara standar). Untuk itu, kami melakukan kedua macam uji mikronukleus pada penderita keganasan yang berobat di Pav. E RIA, Bagian kebidanan, FKUI-RSCM. Kedua uji mikronukleus dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan kemoterapi, dan hasil kedua cara tersebut diperbandingkan, untuk mendapatkan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas cara yang baru. Hasil penelitian kami menunjukkan bahwa menurut hasil sampai saat ini, sensitivitas cara baru sangat baik, sehingga dapat dipakai menggantikan cara standar. Akan tetapi, spesifisitasnya masih perlu ditentukan, dengan melanjutkan penelitian ini, sampai didapat hasil negative menurut cara standar yang cukup banyak. ...... Micronucleus test is a relative easier method to detect chromosomal breakage compared to the conventional cytogenetic analysis. One of the standard micronucleus tests is the test on binucleated lymphocytes generated in cultures. Culturing Lymphocytes needs special equipments and a relative high cost. In our previous research, we succeeded in establishing a simple method to prepare specimens rich in mononuclear cells with abundant cytoplasm. These specimens are a candidate to replace the binucleated lymphocyte specimens in order to establish a new and easier micronucleus test. Therefore, this research aimed to check the sensitivity and specificity of the new test. We performed both tests on patients with malignancy, who came to Pav. E RIA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, FMUI-RSCM. The tests were done before and after chemotherapy. The results of both tests were compared to gel the sensitivity and specificity of the new test. Our results showed that concerning the data analyzed this far, the sensitivity of the new method is quite good, so that the new method can replace the standard method. However, the specificity needs to be evaluated. Therefore, this research should be continued until enough samples show negative results according to the standard micronucleus test.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Sun-chlorella yang belakangan ini gencar dipasarkan, merupakan tablet chlorella yang dibuat dari ganggang hijau air tawar dnn dianjurkan untuk diberikan baik pada orang sehat (mulai dari anak-anak sampai manula) untuk menjaga kesehatan, maupun pada orang yang sedang mangidap penyakit kronis sebagai makanan kesehatan alamiah untuk mampercepat penyembuhan.

Produsen chlorella mengunggulkan produknya dengan menyatakan bahwa chlorella boleh dikatakan tidak mempunyai efek samping, namun belakangan ini ada satu laporan pene1itian yang menyatakan bahwa chlorella bersifat toksik pada biakan cell line BHK (Baby Hamster Kidney).

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ABSTRACT
The Effect of Sun-Chlorella on the Micronucleation of Erythrocyte In Fetal RatSun-chlorella (tablets made of fresh water green algae) is vigorously launched on the market recently and recommended for healthy (from the children to the aged) individuals to promote health, as well as for individuals suffering from chronic diseases as natural healthy food supplement to promote recovery. Chlorella's producers advertised its product and claimed that chlorella has almost no side effect. However, recently a research on chlorella reported that it was toxic when added to the BHK. (baby hamster kidney) cell culture.

The aim of this eksperimental research is to know wether chlorella is toxic, by testing its mutagenicity on rats. We administered chlorella to pregnent rats and screened the erythrocyte of the fetuses to search for the increase of micronucleated erythrocyte. This is a rapid procedure to test the mutagenicity of a substance.

In this research we used 36 female rats, divided randomly to 4 groups, mated, and on day-14 of pregnancy was given: sunchlorella 0.8 mg/g body weight (group I), sun chlorella S mg/g body weight (group II), aquadest (group III), no treatment (group IV). From each group 3 rats were sacrificed after 30 hours, 3 others after 4B hours, and the rest after 54 hours. From each rat 2 fetuses were removed (1 from the left and 1 from the right horn of the uterus), the fetuses were dissected and 3 blood smears were made from each fetus. Blood smears were stained using Wright's stain, and per fetus 1000 erythrocyte were screened for micronucleus. Statistical analysis using l?tiruskal Wallis test reveals that the amount of micronucleated erythrocytes were significantly different between the 4 groups (P .0015). It can be concluded that the administration of Sun"chlorella to pregnant rats lowered the amount of micronuCleated erythrocytes, and the decrease is greater in the groups given 10 times than in the groups given 100 times the dosis; So Sun chlorella might be beneficial to promote health, and non toxic if used appropriately.

Abstrak :
Sediaan limfosit berinti dua diperlukan untuk mendeteksi patah kromosom menggunakan uji mikronukleus. Uji mikronukleus dilakukan pada sel dengan sitoplasma utuh, dan memerlukan paling sedikit 800 sel utuh berinti dua. Ada berbagai prosedur pembuatan sediaan limfosit berinti dua yang berbeda dalam cara panen, fiksasi dan pembuatan sediaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan berbagai prosedur dan berbagai modifikasinya untuk mendapatkan prosedur yang menghasilkan sel berinti dua utuh yang lebih banyak dengan hasil pewarnaan yang baik untuk uji micronucleus. Kami membandingkan berbagai prosedur (keseluruhan ada 17 macam prosedur) yang dilakukan pada 7 sampel darah yang berasal dari penderita keganasan yang berobat ke pav. E RIA, bagian kebidanan dan penyakit kandungan FKUI/RSUPN-CM, Jakarta. Ketujuhbelas prosedur tersebut berbeda dalam cara panen (dengan dan tanpa pencucian), pembuatan sediaan (cara usap, bercak, dan sitospin), dan fiksasi (methanol 1 menit, methanol siram, methanol:asam asetat glacial 3:1 atau 9:1). Analisis hasil menunjukkan bahwa fiksasi dengan methanol/asam asetat glacial memberi hasil pewarnaan yang tidak cocok untuk uji mikronukleus. Cara panen tanpa pencucian, pembuatan sediaan cara bercak atau menggunakan sitospin, dengan fiksasi methanol dan methanol siram, memberi hasil pewarnaan dan penyebaran sel yang optimal serta jumlah LIDU (limfosit inti dua) yang cukup. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 3-7)

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Binucleated lymphocytes can be screened for micronuclei to assess chromosomal damage. There are various procedures to get slides containing binucleated lymphocytes, that are different in harvesting, fixation, and slide preparation methods. Screening binucleated lymphocytes to find a micronucleus needs at least 800 cells with intact cytoplasm. This study aimed to analyze the various procedures and simplified procedures to know which procedure gave the most abundant binucleated lymphocytes with intact cytoplasm and best staining properties for the purpose of micronucleus scoring. Seven heparinized blood samples were obtained from the Dept. of Obstetrics and gynecology, Faculty of medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta. The 7 blood samples were subjected to 17 procedures different in harvesting (with or without washing), slide preparation (smear and spot method, and using a cytocentrifuge), and fixation methods (methanol for 1 minute, methanol brief, methanol/glacial acetic acid 3:1 or 9:1). Our results showed that fixatives containing glacial acetic acid are not suitable for micronucleus test. To generate binucleated lymphocytes with intact cytoplasm as much as possible, the procedure should be conducted without washing steps. Methanol fixation either briefly or 1 minute is preferable, and for the ease of screening cytocentrifuge preparation, followed by spot method is preferable. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 3-7)

Abstrak :
Tujuannya adalah untuk meneliti kerusahan kromosom pada sel mononuklir darah peroko. Dengan tujuan tersebut telah dilakukan skrining mikronukleus pada sampel darah-tepi perokok. Sampel yang beradal dari perokok yang sakit tidak diikut sertakan. Dari tiap sampel diperiksa 500 lekosit mononuklir yang mengembang dengan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dengan pembesaran 400x. Dibuat tabulasi fekuensi distribusi subjek dengan mikronukleus 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 dan 5, menurut umur dan keadaan subyek. Dari 102 sampel, 5 tidak diikutsertakan dan hanya 97 yang dianalisis. Terdapat peningkatan mikronukleus berturut-turut pada 12.8%perokok normal yang bertempat tinggal di daerah tak terpolusi, 12.9% perokok dengan hipertesi yang bertempat tinggal di daerah tak terpolusi, 33.3% perokok normal yang bertempat tinggal di daerah terpolusi dan 25% perokok dengan hipertensi yang bertempat tinggal di daerah terpolusi. Dengan demikian, terdapat kecendrungan peningkatan mikronukleus pada perokok dalam usia produktif, penderita hipertensi dan orang yang bertempat tinggal di daerah terpolusi.

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The purpose was to assess chromosomal damage in blood mononuclear cells of smokers. Smoker's peripheral blood samples were screened for micronulclei. Samples from smokers who had an illness were excluded. From each sample, 500 swelled mononuclear leucocytes were screened using a light mcroscope, with 400x magnification. Frequency distribution of subjects having 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 micronuclei (MN) according to age and condition were tabulated. From the 102 samples, 5 were excluded, and only 97 were analyzed. There was an increase in MN count in 12.8 %, 12.9%, 33.3% and 25% of normal smokers living in unpolluted area, hypertensive smokers living in unpolluted area, normal smokers living in polluted area and hypertensive smokers living in polluted area, respectively. Therefore, there was a tendency of increasing MN count in smokers in the productive age group, hypertensive people, and people living in polluted area.