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"Background: genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) refers to a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of the urinary tract with clinical manifestation masquerading as various urological diagnostic entities. With an incidence rate of 192-232 per 100,000 individuals, current diagnoses have fallen short in comparison to the total incidence. Combined with an atypical and non-specific manifestation, a high false negative rate of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining, and long AFB culture duration has made diagnosis difficult. We aim to gather current available evidence regarding the diagnostic performance of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the diagnosis of GUTB. Methods: a literature search was conducted in four different, well-known databases using a predetermined PICO, keywords, and Boolean operators. All included articles will be subjected to rigorous appraisal according the University of Oxford's Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) Diagnostic Variability Criteria. Review and meta-analysis will be subjected to the QFAITH appraisal checklist to assess its quality. Results: out of a total of 243 initial search results, 11 relevant studies were determined after title and abstract screening. Additionally, nine articles were excluded based on the predetermined criteria. Two fully appraised articles were included in the study: one systematic review article, revealing a heterogenous (I2 = unstated; p = unstated) result of sensitivity mean above 85% and specificity above 75%; and one cross-sectional diagnostic study that reported the use of two different PCR primers: IS6110-PCR and 16SrRNA-PCR primer with a sensitivity of 95.99% and 87.05% and specificity of 98.11% and 98.9%, respectively. Conclusion: current limited evidence showed that PCR could not be solely used for the diagnosis of GUTB, but its use is recommended to guide patient treatment and monitoring."

"Pendahuluan Transplantasi ginjal menawarkan kualitas hidup dan tingkat sintasan yang lebih baik bagi pasien dengan gagal ginjal stadium akhir. Namun, disfungsi berkemih dapat mengakibatkan penurunan kapasitas kandung kemih pada pasien yang memiliki riwayat oliguria atau anuria preoperatif yang berkepanjangan. Hal ini memengaruhi secara negatif kualitas hidup pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki faktor praoperasi yang terkait dengan terjadinya disfungsi berkemih setelah transplantasi ginjal. Metode Sebanyak 71 pasien yang telah menjalani transplantasi ginjal yang berhasil di Rumah Sakit Umum Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta dijaring sebagai subjek. Karakteristik praoperatif di antaranya usia, jenis kelamin, riwayat hipertensi, diabetes melitus, riwayat anuria praoperatif, dan durasi terapi substitusi ginjal dijaring dan diolah. Analisis multivariat dilakukan untuk menemukan korelasi karakteristik praoperatif dengan kejadian disfungsi berkemih pasca operasi yang diukur dengan skor International prostate symptom score storage (IPSS-s) sub-skor > 5, skor overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) > 5, laju aliran maksimum (Qmax) > 15 mL/detik, dan volume residual pascakemih (PVR) > 50 mL.Hasil Tampak adanya korelasi signifikan skor IPSS-s yang mengindikasikan masalah pada fase filling dengan durasi dialisis praoperatif (rasio odds [OR] 1,052; interval kepercayaan 95% [CI] 1,006-1,1001, P 1⁄4 ,027). Usia yang lebih tua dan anuria preoperatif berkorelasi positif dengan skor OABSS > 5 (OR 1,104 dan 33,567, p-value 0,004 dan 0,002, secara berturut-turut). Korelasi negatif diamati antara jenis kelamin laki-laki dan Qmax > 15 mL/s (OR 1,73; 95% CI 0,033-1,907, P 1/4 ,038). Jenis kelamin laki-laki berkorelasi negatif dengan kejadian PVR > 50 mL (OR 0,231; P 1/4 ,043) tetapi berkorelasi positif dengan adanya riwayat diabetes melitus (OR 8,146; 95% CI 1,548-42,864, P 1/4 ,013). Kesimpulan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penilaian usia pasien, jenis kelamin, dan riwayat medis masa lalu dapat membantu klinisi menentukan risiko pasien dalam memprediksi terjadinya disfungsi berkemih setelah transplantasi ginjal.

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Introduction Renal transplantation offers a better quality of life and survival rate for patients with end-stage renal disease. However, voiding dysfunction may have results such as decreased bladder capacity that have been observed in patients with prolonged oliguria or anuria, impacting a patient’s quality of life. This study aimed to investigate preoperative factors associated with the occurrence of voiding dysfunction after renal transplantation Methods Seventy-one patients’ data who had undergone successful renal transplantation at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital in Jakarta were collected. Preoperative characteristics including age, sex, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, preoperative anuria, and duration of renal substitution therapy were obtained. Multivariate analysis were performed examining the correlation of preoperative characteristics with postoperative voiding dysfunction measured by International Prostate Symptom Score storage (IPSS-s) sub-score > 5, overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) > 5, maximum flow rate (Qmax) > 15 mL/cc, and postvoid residual volume (PVR) > 50 mL.

Results A significant correlation of IPSS-s score suggesting storage problem with duration of preoperative dialysis was observed (odds ratio [OR] 1.052; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.006-1.1001, P 1⁄4 .027). Older age and preoperative anuria were positively correlated with OABSS score > 5 (OR 1.104 and 33.567, P value .004 and .002, respectively). Negative correlation was observed between male sex and Qmax > 15mL/s (OR 1.73; 95% CI 0.033-1.907, P 1⁄4 .038). Male sex was negatively correlated with PVR > 50 mL (OR 0.231; P 1⁄4 .043) but positively correlated with the presence history of diabetes mellitus (OR 8.146; 95% CI 1.548-42.864, P 1⁄4 .013).

Conclusion This study demonstrated that assessment of patient age, sex, and past medical history could help determine patients’ risk for developing voiding dysfunction after renal transplantation."

"Infeksi virus Dengue (DENV) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan dunia termasuk Indonesia, mengamcam lebih dari 150 ribu jiwa setiap tahunnya. Meski berbagai usaha preventif konvensional telah dilakukan, angka keparahan tetap tidak jauh berkurang. Karena itu, vaksin dikembangkan sebagai usaha preventif yang efektif sekaligus efisien. Sayangnya, jumlah studi filogenetik yang mendukung pengembangan vaksin saat ini masih terbatas. Untuk itu, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis sekuens nukleotida dan asam amino protein Non Struktural-1 (NS-1) pada bagian epitope. Analisis dilakukan dari data yang dikumpulkan melalui GenBank dan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 29 sekuens diolah menggunakan program Genetyx 5.1. Hasil analisis menunjukkan persebaran filogenetik berdasarkan nukleotida NS-1 strain Indonesia yang berada pada Genotipe I dan IV dan tidak berbeda dengan filogenetik berdasarkan gen envelope. Sedangkan, hasil homologi asam amino menunjukkan substitusi terjadi pada beberapa situs epitope NS-1 yang sebelumnya dianggap lestari. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa, analisis NS-1 dapat digunakan sebagai dasar pengembangan vaksin dengue.

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Until to date, dengue virus (DENV) infection is still a major global health problem including Indonesia, putting over 150 thousands people at risk every year. Despite various conventional preventive efforts conducted, number of people with severe dengue is not reduce significantly. Vaccine is than developed in a hope to make a more effective and efficient way of dengue prevention. But, only a limited number of phylogenetic studies have been conducted to support the vaccine development. This phylogenetic studies of dengue virus (DENV) is conducted in order to support the basis for development of protective dengue vaccine. This study analyze nucleotides and amino acids sequence of Non Structural-1 (NS-1) protein and emphasizing at epitope sites. By using Genetyx 5.1, 29 samples that have been collected from Laboratory of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia and GenBank were analized. Phylogenetic tree analysis using NS-1 nucleotides showing that isolates from Indonesia is potitioned within genotipe I and IV, insignifically different with phylogenetic tree analysis using envelope nucleotides. While, amino acid homology analysis showing subtitution between NS1 epitope sites that considered being conserved at the previous studies. This results shows that, NS-1 analysis can be used as a basis of vaccine development."