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"ABSTRAKMerancang jaringan infrastruktur transportasi sangat penting terutama untuk daerah dan negara di mana kurangnya perhatian diberikan pada perencanaan sistem transportasi berbasis kepulauan. Penelitian ini mengusulkan sebuah model yang akan digunakan sebagai alat untuk perencanaan tingkat strategis transportasi multimodal, khususnya dalam perencanaan pembangunan jaringan terminal angkutan barang. Model ini menentukan rencana evaluasi jaringan angkutan barang yang optimal, yang memilih set optimal tindakan dari sejumlah tindakan yang mungkinkan. Model ini dikembangkan dalam kerangka masalah rute kapal menggunakan masalah pemrograman dua tingkat, di mana menggunakan teknik multimodal yang tergabung dalam masalah tingkat yang lebih rendah yang secara eksplisit memperhitungkan arus barang, dan kegiatan di dalam terminal penangan di pelabuhan . Masalah tingkat atas mengoptimalkan kombinasi tindakan tersebut bahwa barang disampaikan dalam terminal dilayani secaramaksimal. Opsi tindakan yang layak meliputi perbaikan infrastruktur yang ada, hubungan jaringan transportasi laut dan pemilihan lokasi terminal angkutan. Jenis masalah dapat dianggap sebagai masalah optimasi kombinatorial, di mana teknik perhitungan evolusi berdasarkan algoritma genetika digunakan sebagai prosedur solusi. Model ini diuji pada jaringan angkutan barang di Propinsi Maluku Utara, Indonesia, di mana pengembangan angkutan jaringan transportasi yang diinginkan untuk meningkatkan pemanfaatan moda laut daripada kendaraan berbasis jalan. Hasil mengungkapkan bahwa prosedur berdasarkan Genetik Lokal bisa memberikan kinerja yang lebih baik dan memadai bisa menemukan kombinasi terbaik dari tindakan di antara alternatif yang tersedia.

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ABSTRACTDesigning a multimodal freight transport infrastructures network is essential especially for regions and countries where lack of attention is given on the planning of multimodal transport systems. This research proposes a model that will be used as a tool for strategic level of multimodal transport planning, particularly in freight terminal network development planning. The model determines an optimal freight transport evaluation plan, which selects an optimal set of actions from a number of possible actions. The model is developed within the framework of vehicle routing problem using bi level programming problem, where a multimodal multi user assignment technique is incorporated within lower level problem that explicitly takes into account freight flows, and activities within terminals. the upper level problem optimizes the combination of actions such that the freight delivered within terminal served frequently is maximized. The feasible actions include improving the existing infrastructures, sea link and freight terminals. This type of problem can be considered as a combinatorial optimization problem, where evolutionary computation techniques based on genetic algorithms applied as solution procedures. The model is tested on the freight transport network in North Maluku Island, Indonesia, where freight transport network development is desired to increase the utilization of other modes rather than road based vehicles. Result revealed that the procedure based on Genetic Local Search could provide better performance and could adequately find the best combination of action among available alternatives."

"Inter-island freight transport costs in eastern compared to western Indonesia are relatively high, caused by operator charges for roundtrip fees. In order to make the distribution of freight efficient, the network of freight transport needs to be rationalized on a regional basis. The output from the regional model counts are few and far between in relation to intercity traffic volume data, and the disaggregate model at a regional level requires more effort in conducting travel route surveys. Therefore, aggregated analysis is preferable initially, based on the traffic volume and the commodity flow for inter-island freight transport. The accessibility and connectivity of the land use can be obtained from the freight distribution model as a measurement to evaluate different land use scenarios and also to provide feedback for land use modeling, as a parameter for freight location choice. With a freight distribution model to identify freight commodity supply and demand in a particular region, potential freight transport generation uses such variables, which consider generalized transport costs. Using the Furness and Maximum Entropy models, the results indicate that Furness model finishes in the 4th iteration and Maximum Entropy in 6th, while the negative exponential function offers the best calibrated estimation, using sea freight movement data. It was also found that the positive value of ? means that any increment of travel time decreased the rate of freight flow, which mirrored the conditions in reality: the higher travel costs, the fewer the number of flows between zones. The data is analyzed in the context of modeling intra-city freight flow in the archipelagic region of northern Maluku."