Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model optimasi untuk alokasi lahan DAS optimal dalam aspeks debit banjir, debit andalan, erosi, produktivitas, pendapatan dan ketenagakerjaan. Model optimasi dikembangkan menggunakan goal programming yang terintegrasi dengan proses hirarki analisis (AHP) dan sistem informasi geografis (GIS). Fungsi tujuan ditetapkan untuk meminimalkan penyimpangan atau deviasi dari tujuan pengelolaan DAS yaitu: pengendalian banjir dalam periode ulang seratus tahun, debit untuk memenuhi permintaan domestik, perkotaan, industri dan irigasi untuk tiga puluh tahun yang akan datang, tingkat erosi dengan harkat tingkat bahaya erosi sedang, produktivitas pertanian berdasarkan evaluasi lahan kelas agak sesuai (S-2), pendapatan petani sesuai dengan upah minimum regional dan menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan untuk pekerja pertanian potensial yang ada di DAS. Prioritas pada fungsi tujuan ditentukan dengan teknik pembobotan menggunakan proses hirarki analitik. Variabel keputusan adalah hutan (X1), perkebunan (X2), lading/tegalan (X3), kebun campuran (X4), sawah (X5), semak (X6) dan permukiman (X7). Beberapa fungsi kendala tujuan terorganisir menjadi beberapa sub-model. Beberapa sub model tersebut ditentukan dengan menggunakan GIS seperti erosi, dan debit. Kendala fungsional adalah alokasi lahan untuk variabel keputusan tidak boleh melebihi lahan yang tersedia di DAS. Hasil uji model di DAS Manjunto, Provinsi Bengkulu-Indonesia, menunjukkan bahwa model optimasi yang dikembangkan berhasil menentukan alokasi lahan optimal dalam skala DAS ditinjau dari aspek debit banjir periode ulang 100 tahun, debit andalan untuk rumah tangga, industry, perkotaan (RIK) dan irigasi, erosi, produktivitas, pendapatan dan ketenagakerjaan. Namun beberapa kelemahan dari model ini seperti akurasi yang masih rendah perlu disempurnakan dalam penelitian lebih lanjut.

---

This study aims to develop an optimization model for land allocation in terms of discharge, erosion, productivity, income and employment aspects. The optimization model was developed using goal programming integrated with analytic hierarchy process and geographic information system. Objective function was set to minimize the deviation of goals watershed management namely : flood controlling in one hundred year time period, discharge to fulfill the demand domestic, urban, industry and irrigation, erosion rate within medium range, agriculture productivity within medium level, income in compliance with the minimum standard and create jobs to potensial agriculture employment. Priority of objective function was determined by weight method using analytic hierarchy process. Decision variables are forest (X1), plantation (X2), dry land fields (X3), mixed farms (X4), rice fields (X5), shrub (X6) and settlements (X7). Some goal constraint functions organized into several sub-models. Some of sub models determined using GIS such as erosion, and discharge. Functional constraints are the land allocations for them should not exceed the available land on watershed area. The test results in Manjuto watershed on Bengkulu Province showed that the developed optimization model has been successfully determined the optimal allocation of land in a watershed in terms of discharge, erosion, productivity, income and employment aspects. However, low accuration of this model needs to be refined in further research.

Abstrak :
Soil erosion is a crucial environmental problem in the Manjunto watershed, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. It has economic implications and environmental consequences. Assessment of potential soil erosion rate is useful in designing soil conservation strategies within the framework of integrated watershed management. Information obtained from Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) framework supports decision makers in preparing more accurate spatial maps in less time and cost. The aim of this research is to assess the average annual rate of potential soil erosion in Manjunto watershed for each soil mapping unit using remote sensing data, namely Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Slope. The NDVI value obtained from satellite imagery processing while slope value obtained from Digital Elevation Model-Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (DEM-SRTM) processing. The results showed that the eroded catchment area increased significantly. The average annual rate of potential soil erosion in Manjunto watershed in the year 2000 amounted to 3.00 tons ha- 1 year-1, while in the year 2009 there was a significant increase to 27.03 ton ha-1year-1. The levels of erosion hazard in soil mapping unit numbers 41, 42 and 47 are classified in the very heavy category. Soil mapping unit numbers 41, 42 and 47 should be a first priority in soil and water conservation activities.