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Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Prevalens obesitas pada anak dan remaja di seluruh dunia meningkat secara dramatis. Obesitas pada anak menjadi masalah karena merupakan predisposisi terjadinya obesitas saat dewasa yang berhubungan dengan timbulnya penyakit komorbiditas metabolik. Obesitas ditandai dengan penimbunan jaringan adiposa tubuh secara berlebihan, dan jaringan adiposa tersebut menghasilkan sitokin dan mediator inflamasi yang berperan dalam terjadinya inflamasi subklinis. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui profil penanda inflamasi subklinis pada anak obes usia 9-12 tahun melalui pemeriksaan sitokin inflamasi (IL-6) dan protein fase akut (CRP dan AGP). Metode: Penelitian deskriptif potong lintang yang dilakukan pada siswa SD yang obes dan non-obes usia 9-12 tahun di Jakarta Selatan yang diizinkan oleh orangtua untuk mengikuti penelitian ini dan bersedia diukur antropometri serta diperiksa laboratorium Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), dan alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP). Hasil: Dari 30 anak obes dan 30 anak non-obes didapatkan kadar median IL-6 anak obes lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan anak non-obes dengan nilai 3,09 (1,16-6,49) vs 1,27 (0,51-3,86), kadar median CRP pada kelompok obes lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok non-obes dengan nilai 2,25 (0,4-64) vs 0,2 (<0,2- 2,6) dan kadar rerata AGP kelompok obes lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok non-obes dengan nilai rerata 93,13 ± 18,29 vs 71 ± 18,89. Simpulan: Inflamasi subklinis telah terjadi pada anak obes berusia 9-12 tahun. Kadar sitokin inflamasi IL-6 lebih tinggi pada anak obes dibandingkan anak non- obes, kadar protein fase akut CRP lebih tinggi pada anak obes dibandingkan anak non-obes, dan kadar penanda AGP lebih tinggi pada anak obes dibandingkan anak non-obes.

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Background: Prevalence of obesity in children and adolescence is dramatically increasing. Obesity in children is an important predisposing factor of adult obesity and correlates with metabolic comorbidities. Obesity is basically an overt body adipose tissue which resulting cytokine and inflammatory mediators. The cytokine and inflammatory mediators play important role in subclinical inflammation. Objective: To describe subclinical inflammatory marker of obese children age 9- 12 years old by examining inflammatory cytokine (Interleukine 6) and acute phase protein (C-reactive protein and Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein). Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in elementary school students of obese and non-obese age 9-12 years old in South Jakarta. Antropometric measurements and examination of IL-6, CRP, and AGP were taken from all subjects. Results: Thirty obese and thirty non-obese children were recruited in this study. Obese children showed higher median IL-6 compared to non-obese (3,09 (1,16- 6,49) vs 1,27 (0,51-3,86)), higher median CRP in obese children compared to non-obese (2,25 (0,4-64) vs 0,2 (<0,2-2,6)). Obese children also showed higher mean AGP compared to non-obese (93,13 ± 18,29 vs 71 ± 18,89). Conclusions: Obese children age 9-12 years old have evidence of subclinical inflammation. The subclinical inflammation was based on higher IL-6, CRP, and AGP in obese children compared to non-obese children.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Obesitas pada anak merupakan predisposisi terjadinya obesitas saat dewasa yang berhubungan dengan timbulnya penyakit ko-morbiditas metabolik. Obesitas ditandai dengan penimbunan jaringan adiposa tubuh secara berlebihan sehingga menghasilkan sitokin dan mediator inflamasi yang berperan dalam terjadinya inflamasi subklinis.

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui profil penanda inflamasi subklinis pada anak obes usia 9-12 tahun melalui pemeriksaan sitokin inflamasi (Interleukin-6) dan protein fase akut (C-reactive protein dan alpha-1-acid glycoprotein).

Metode: Penelitian deskriptif potong lintang yang dilakukan pada siswa SD obes dan non-obes usia 9-12 tahun di Jakarta Selatan dan bersedia diukur antropometri serta diperiksa laboratorium IL-6, CRP, dan AGP.

Hasil: Dari 30 anak obes dan 30 anak non-obes didapatkan kadar median IL-6 anak obes lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan anak non-obes yaitu 3,09 (1,16-6,49) vs 1,27 (0,51-3,86), kadar median CRP pada kelompok obes lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok non-obes, yaitu 2,25 (0,4-64) vs 0,2 (<0,2-2,6) dan kadar rerata AGP kelompok obes lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok non-obes, yaitu 93,13 ± 18,29 vs 71 ± 18,89.

Simpulan: Inflamasi subklinis telah terjadi pada anak obes berusia 9-12 tahun. Kadar sitokin inflamasi IL-6, kadar protein fase akut CRP dan AGP lebih tinggi pada anak obes dibandingkan anak non-obes.

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ABSTRACT
Background: Obesity in children is an important predisposing factor of adult obesity and correlates with metabolic co-morbidities. Obesity is basically an overt body adipose tissue which resulting cytokine and inflammatory mediators. The cytokine and inflammatory mediators play important role in subclinical inflammation.

Objective: To describe subclinical inflammatory marker of obese children age 9-12 years old by examining inflammatory cytokine (Interleukin-6) and acute phase protein (C-reactive protein and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein).

Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in elementary school students of obese and non-obese age 9-12 years old in South Jakarta. Antropometric measurements and examination of IL-6, CRP, AGP were taken.

Results: Thirty obese and thirty non-obese children were recruited in this study. Obese children showed higher median IL-6 compared to non-obese (3,09 (1,16-6,49) vs 1,27 (0,51-3,86)), higher median CRP in obese children compared to non-obese (2,25 (0,4-64) vs 0,2 (<0,2-2,6)). Obese children also showed higher mean AGP compared to non-obese (93,13 ± 18,29 vs 71 ± 18,89).

Conclusions: Obese children age 9-12 years old have evidence of subclinical inflammation. The subclinical inflammation was based on higher IL-6, CRP, and AGP in obese children compared to non-obese children.;Background: Obesity in children is an important predisposing factor of adult obesity and correlates with metabolic co-morbidities. Obesity is basically an overt body adipose tissue which resulting cytokine and inflammatory mediators. The cytokine and inflammatory mediators play important role in subclinical inflammation. Objective: To describe subclinical inflammatory marker of obese children age 9-12 years old by examining inflammatory cytokine (Interleukin-6) and acute phase protein (C-reactive protein and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein). Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in elementary school students of obese and non-obese age 9-12 years old in South Jakarta. Antropometric measurements and examination of IL-6, CRP, AGP were taken. Results: Thirty obese and thirty non-obese children were recruited in this study. Obese children showed higher median IL-6 compared to non-obese (3,09 (1,16-6,49) vs 1,27 (0,51-3,86)), higher median CRP in obese children compared to non-obese (2,25 (0,4-64) vs 0,2 (<0,2-2,6)). Obese children also showed higher mean AGP compared to non-obese (93,13 ± 18,29 vs 71 ± 18,89). Conclusions: Obese children age 9-12 years old have evidence of subclinical inflammation. The subclinical inflammation was based on higher IL-6, CRP, and AGP in obese children compared to non-obese children.;Background: Obesity in children is an important predisposing factor of adult obesity and correlates with metabolic co-morbidities. Obesity is basically an overt body adipose tissue which resulting cytokine and inflammatory mediators. The cytokine and inflammatory mediators play important role in subclinical inflammation. Objective: To describe subclinical inflammatory marker of obese children age 9-12 years old by examining inflammatory cytokine (Interleukin-6) and acute phase protein (C-reactive protein and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein). Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in elementary school students of obese and non-obese age 9-12 years old in South Jakarta. Antropometric measurements and examination of IL-6, CRP, AGP were taken. Results: Thirty obese and thirty non-obese children were recruited in this study. Obese children showed higher median IL-6 compared to non-obese (3,09 (1,16-6,49) vs 1,27 (0,51-3,86)), higher median CRP in obese children compared to non-obese (2,25 (0,4-64) vs 0,2 (<0,2-2,6)). Obese children also showed higher mean AGP compared to non-obese (93,13 ± 18,29 vs 71 ± 18,89). Conclusions: Obese children age 9-12 years old have evidence of subclinical inflammation. The subclinical inflammation was based on higher IL-6, CRP, and AGP in obese children compared to non-obese children., Background: Obesity in children is an important predisposing factor of adult obesity and correlates with metabolic co-morbidities. Obesity is basically an overt body adipose tissue which resulting cytokine and inflammatory mediators. The cytokine and inflammatory mediators play important role in subclinical inflammation. Objective: To describe subclinical inflammatory marker of obese children age 9-12 years old by examining inflammatory cytokine (Interleukin-6) and acute phase protein (C-reactive protein and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein). Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in elementary school students of obese and non-obese age 9-12 years old in South Jakarta. Antropometric measurements and examination of IL-6, CRP, AGP were taken. Results: Thirty obese and thirty non-obese children were recruited in this study. Obese children showed higher median IL-6 compared to non-obese (3,09 (1,16-6,49) vs 1,27 (0,51-3,86)), higher median CRP in obese children compared to non-obese (2,25 (0,4-64) vs 0,2 (<0,2-2,6)). Obese children also showed higher mean AGP compared to non-obese (93,13 ± 18,29 vs 71 ± 18,89). Conclusions: Obese children age 9-12 years old have evidence of subclinical inflammation. The subclinical inflammation was based on higher IL-6, CRP, and AGP in obese children compared to non-obese children.]

Abstrak :
Tesis ini mengkaji novel berjudul The Bell Jar, sebuah novel autobiografis yang ditulis oleh Sylvia Plath, dengan perspektif feminis. Pembahasan tesis menjawab permasalahan subjektivitas perempuan di tengah-tengah budaya patriarkal, yang mengkonstruksinya ke dalam kriteria-kriteria tertentu yang membatasi, bahkan mengopresi tubuh perempuan. Tokoh utama novel ini, Esther Greenwood, meresistensi norma-norma sosial patriarkis yang dikenakan kepada tubuh perempuan, menggunakan tubuhnya. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa subjektivitas tubuh perempuan Esther Greenwood memiliki kompleksitas yang satins sekaligus agresif dalam meresistensi ideologi patriarki. Otoritas Esther terhadap tubuhnya ditunjukkan melalui perlakuan terhadap tubuhnya, yang memapankan subjektivitasnya sebagai perempuan. Perlakuan terhadap tubuh yang dilakukan Esther Greenwood, baik dalam hubungan seksual, upaya bunuh diri, dan merendam tubuh dengan air panas, merupakan sarkasme sebagai bentuk pertahanan dan perlawanan tubuh perempuan di tengah budaya patriarkal yang dominan di masyarakat. ......This thesis analyzes Sylvia Plath's autobiographical novel entitled The Bell Jar using feminist perspective. It discusses the problem of female subjectivity in patriarchal culture, which constructs women into categories that often limits and oppresses their bodies. Esther Greenwood, the main character of this novel, constantly resists the dominant ideology implemented in social norms using her (female) body. The analysis shows that Esther's subjectivity bears satirical complexity that functions as resistance on one hand, and her agressive struggle on the other. Esther's authority over her body is demonstrated in such a way to establish her subjectivity as a woman. This research finds her bodily acts, such as sexual intercourse, suicide attempts, and hot bath, as defense and resistance of the female body towards patriachy, as the dominant ideology.