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Abstrak :
Carbamide peroxide as a whitening agent for teeth is very popular because the use of this agent is easy and inexpensive. There are two kinds of concentrations, i.e. 10%-15% and 35%. The methods are home bleaching and in office bleaching. For home bleaching, the duration of whitening application is 2-6 weeks, each day for 8 hours, whilst for in office leaching, two hour application will be required. Whitening efficacy might be increased up to 2-5 levels and the color may sustain for 1-3 years, and this treatment could be reapplied. There is an effect on pulp system, but the effect is reversible, i.e. sensitivity which could be treated with flouridation or application of potassium nitrate. The side affects on gingiva include inflammation which is caused by the buffer and is only temporary. Bleaching is safe to be use the result will be satisfying if proper procedure is followed.

Abstrak :
Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) and Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC) are two restorative materials in dentistry that have the capacity of releasing fluoride to saliva, dentino-enamel substance, and the ability to form fluoroapatite crystal. The aim of this study is to compare the amount of fluoride release in saliva and dentino-enamel substance. A total of 48 caries free premolar teeth were prepared to form a cavity with the dimension of 4 X 4 X 2 mm on the buccal surfaces. These teeth were then divided into 3 groups, each containing 16 samples. The first group was determined as the control group, and therefore no restorative material was applied to the teeth in this group; the teeth in the second group were filled with GIC, the third group was filled with RMGIC. These teeth were then soaked in artificial saliva without fluoride content and were incubated at room temperature (37 0Celcius). Each group was divided again into 4 sub groups, each consisting of 4 samples. Each of 4 subgroups received different periods of soaking, namely 1 day, 3 days, 10 days, and 20 days. The fluoride content of saliva was analyzed using ion chromatography, and fluoroapatite on dentino-enamel substance was analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction or XRD. Data obtained from the experiments were analyzed using ANOVA, and the level of significance was set at p ≤ 0,05. There was a significant difference in the analysis of fluoride release in saliva within the 3 groups: GIC, RMGIC, and the control group, and there was no significant difference in the analysis of fluoroapatite formation on dentino-enamel substance within 3 groups. The fluoride content in saliva showed a significant difference within the 3 groups of GIC, RMGIC, and control. No significant difference was found in the fluoroapatite content on dentino-enamel substance.