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Christina Olly Lada
Abstrak :
Latar Belakang : Stunting pada anak usia di bawah dua tahun (U2) menggambarkan kekurangan nutrisi kronis dengan berbagai faktor predisposisi dan prevalensinya masih tinggi di Indonesia. Kurang nutrisi kronis menyebabkan tubuh berdaptasi pada ukuran dan fungsi organ, yang berdampak meningkatnya risiko kardiometabolik (RKM) kemudian hari. Tujuan penelitian ini membuktikan perbedaan faktor predisposisi intrauterin (FPIntra), ekstrauterin (FPEkstra), stres oksidatif (SO), adaptasi metabolik (AM) dan RKM pada anak stunting (AnS) dan tidak stunting (AnTS) usia 6-24 bulan (U6-24). Metode : Penelitian nested -kohort, cross-sectional komparatif digunakan untuk menilai peran FPIntra, yaitu antropometri ibu sebelum hamil, asupan dan status gizi ibu hamil, berat lahir (BL) dan panjang lahir (PL) subjek, FPEkstra yaitu ASI eksklusif, berat badan (BB) dan panjang badan (PB) enam bulan pertama (U6I), antropometri anak, asupan gizi AnS dan AnTS U6-24. Indikator SO yaitu kadar MDA serum. Indikator AM yaitu ekspresi microRNA -148a. Indikator RKM yaitu ukuran lingkar pinggang (LP), kadar kolesterol-LDL, kolesterol-HDL, trigliserida, dan glukosa darah. Semua subjek merupakan peserta TKA, Bogor dan pengambilan data dilakukan sejak bulan Juli 2017 hingga Februari 2018, dilaksanakan di Rumah Kohort TKA, Bogor. Analisis statistik univariat, bivariat dan multivariat digunakan untuk membandingkan kelompok AnS dan AnTS dengan batas kemaknaan p <0,05. Hasil : Sebanyak 38 AnS dan 46 AnTS U6-24 memenuhi kriteria penelitian dan didapatkan FPIntra AnS lebih rendah secara bermakna dibanding AnTS, yaitu kategori kadar seng serum ibu hamil, tinggi badan ibu, BL dan PL subjek (p = 0,047, p < 0,001, p = 0,009, p = 0,025). Asupan mangan (p= 0,007), isoleusin (p =0,015), pertambahan BB U6-I (p =0,002), rerata pertambahan BB/bulan U6-I (p =0,002), pertambahan PB U6-I (p <0,001), rerata pertambahan PB/bulan U6-I (p <0,001) dan kadar Hb anak (p =0,005) lebih rendah secara bermakna pada AnS, sementara RDW-CV lebih tinggi pada AnS (p =0,009). Tidak ditemukan perbedaan SO pada kedua kelompok, tetapi gambaran adanya AM pada usia dini terlihat pada normalized expression ratio microRNA -148a AnS sebesar 2,6 kali lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan AnTS, yang mengakibatkan kolesteol-LDL di sirkulasi lebih tinggi pada AnS. Ditemukan dua indikator RKM berbeda bermakna yaitu ukuran LP AnS lebih kecil bermakna, namun kadar trigliseridanya lebih tinggi pada AnS. Kadar kolesterol-LDL cenderung lebih tinggi pada AnS. Kesimpulan : FPIntra dan FPEkstra terbukti memberikan dampak terhadap kejadian stunting anak U6-24. Adaptasi metabolik dan RKM pada AnS sudah terdeteksi pada U6-24. Saran : Penting untuk memantau status gizi ibu sebelum hamil dan memberikan intervensi nutrisi dalam 1000 hari awal kehidupan untuk mengurangi RKM di kemudian hari.
Background : Stunting children under two years of age (U2) illustrates chronic nutritional deficiency with various predisposing factors and the prevalence is still high in Indonesia. Chronic malnutrition causes the body to adapt organ size and function, which results in increased cardio metabolic risk (CMR) in adulthood The aim of this study was to prove differences in intrauterine predisposition (PFIntra), extra uterine (PFExtra), oxidative stress (OxS), metabolic adaptation (MetAdapt) and CMR in stunting children (StC) and non stunting children (NStC) aged 6-24 months (U6-24). Methods : A nested-cohort, comparative cross-sectional study was used to assess the role of PFIntra, namely maternal anthropometry before pregnancy, nutrition intake and nutritional status of pregnant women, birth weight (BW) and birth length (BL) of subjects, PFExtra namely exclusive breastfeeding, weight and body length in the first six months (U6I), pediatric anthropometry and nutritional intake in StC and NStC U6- 24. Indicator of OxS was serum MDA level. MetAdapt indicator was microRNA-148a expression. The CMR indicators were waist circumference (WC), LDL-cholesterol levels, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood glucose. All subjects were participants in Bogor Longitudinal Study Child Growth and Development (BLSCGD), in Bogor Tengah sub-district. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical analyzes were used to compare StC and NStC groups with significant p value <0.05. Results : There were 38 StC and 46 NStC U6- 24 fulfilled the study criteria and obtained significantly lower PFIntra in StC compare to NStC, namely the serum zinc level category of pregnant women, maternal height, BW and BL subjects (p = 0.047, p <0.001, p = 0.009, p = 0.025). Manganese intake (p = 0.007), isoleucine intake (p = 0.015), increase in weight U6-I (p = 0.002), weight gain per month U6-I (p = 0.002), increase in length U6-I (p <0.001), length increase per month U6-I (p <0.001) and Hb levels of children (p = 0.005) were significantly lower in StC, while RDW-CV was higher in StC (p = 0.009). There were no significant differences in OxS between two groups, but MetAdapt at an early age was seen in the StC as show in normalized expression ratio of microRNA-148a was 2.6 times faster than NStC, which resulted in higher circulation of LDL in StC. Two of five CMR indicators were significantly different, namely the size of WC in StC was significantly smaller, but the triglyceride level was higher in StC. LDL-cholesterol levels tend to be higher in StC. Conclusion : PFIntra and PFExtra proved to have an impact on the incidence of stunting children U6- 24. Metabolic adaptation and CMR in StC have been detected in U6- 24. Suggestion: It is important to monitor the nutritional status of the mother before pregnant and provide nutritional interventions within the first 1000 days of life to reduce cardio metabolic risk in the future.
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2018
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UI - Disertasi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Christina Olly Lada
Abstrak :
Penelitian uji klinik dengan one group pre-post test design bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian susu bubuk kedelai terbadap peroksidasi lipid dengan mengukur kadar MDA. Terdapat 21 subyek perempuan perimenopause deugan hiperkolestero!emia yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian, mengkomsumsi susu bubuk kede!ai setiap hari sebanyak 2x30g selama delapan minggu, Data yang diambil adalah: data demografi, IMT, asupan zat gizi, isoflavon dan emioksidan. Data laboratorium meliputi kadar kolesterol LDL dan MDA serum sebelum dan sesudah empat, delapan minggu perlakuan. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji t-berpasangan blla distribusi normal dan uji Wilcaxon bila distribusi tidak normal dengan tingkat kemaknaan p<0,0:5. Penelitian ini telah mendapat ijin dari Komite Etik FKUI. Dua subyek drop out, 19 subyek menyelesaikan penetitian; umumnya berlatar belakang pendidikan rendah rerata usia 49,15 tahun dan lMT tergolong berisiko. Asupan kalori subyek penelitian sebelum perlakuan tergolong kurang, tetapi kemudian tergolong cukup setelah perlalkuan. Pola dan asupan harian isollavon subyek penelitian sebelum perlakuan tergolong cukup, meningkat setelah perlakuan. Pola dan asupan harian antioksidan subyek sebelum dan selama masa perlakuan tergolong krang, Rerata kadar kolesterol LDL subyek penelitian sebelum masa perlakuan adalah 134,32 ± 23,70 mg/dl. Setelah perlakuan menurun, tetapi masih tergolong batas tinggi. Rerala kadar MDA serum subyek penelilian sebelum masa perlakuan adalah 0,82 ± 0,47 nmol/mL. Setelah empat dan delapan minggu masa perlakuan kadar MDA serum meningkat, yaitu masing­ masing sebesar 0,98 ± 0,26 umol/ml (p 0,16) dan 1,13 ± 0,40 nmol/ml (p 0,023). Beberapa faktor yang mungkin menjadi penyebab peningkatan tersebut adalah faktor subyek, biomarker MDA, bioaviabilitas dan karakteristik isoflavon serta asupan antioksidan. Bila subyek digolongkan berdasarksn status pre dan pasca menopause, maka setelah minggu IV pedakuan golongan premenopause menunjukkan penurunan kadar MDA yang lebih baik. ...... The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of soy powder-milk supplementation on lipid peroxidation which is measured by the level of it's metabolite, malondialdehyde (MDA). Twenty one hypercholesterolentic pre-menopause women who fulfilled the study criteria. started ro consume 2x30g soy powder-milk everyday for eight week. Data taken were: demographic, anthropometric, nutrition intake, isoftavone, antioxidant pattern of isotlavone and antioxidant intake. Whilst laboratory data taken were level of LDL cholesterol and MDA serum before and after four and eight week supplementation. Statistical tests used were paired test if named distribution and Wilcoxon for up normal distribution with significance level of 5%. Nineteen subjects completed the study. Most subjects had a low educational background, mean age were 49.15 years old and bed BMI classified as "risk." The subjects' calorie intake before supplementation was low, however after the forth and eighth week of supplementation was renegade as sufficient. Subjects' inkwell pattern and daily intake of isoflavoue were sufficient anti increased during supplementation. outtake pattern anti daily inkwell of antioxidant subjects before and doting supplementation were low. The subjects' mean level of LDL cholesterol before supplementation was 134,32 ± 23,70 mgldl. After four anti eight week supplementation it decrease considerably at 120,79 ± 21,30 and 122,68 ± 20,95 mgldL, which was still categorizeas "high". Subjects' mean level of MDA serum before supplementation was 0,82 ± 0,47 nmoVmL. After fuur anti eight week of supplementation level of MDA serum was increase consecutively at 0,98 ± 0,26 mnollmL (p = 0,16) and 1,13 ± 0,40 nmollmL (p = 0,023). Several fuctJS that might cause the increase were subjects' age, menopausal status, and BMJ, MDA biomalker, bio availabilily and characteristics of isotlavoue and antioxidant intake. The g100ped of subjects in pre and post-menopause status sbowu different pattern of MDA level which is after four weeks of supplementation the pre-menopause subjects shown reduced of MDA level more than post menopausal subjects.
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2008
T11522
UI - Tesis Open  Universitas Indonesia Library