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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Keberhasilan World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA) mengadvokasi Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare (UDAW) adalah kasus yang menarik karena belum pernah ada Masyarakat Sipil Transnasional yang berhasil mengadvokasi rezim lingkungan internasional untuk isu perlindungan hewan individual. Dengan studi pustaka, studi dokumen, dan wawancara sebagai metode pengumpulan data, serta Grounded Theory sebagai metode analisis data, penelitian kualitatif Analytic Eclecticism ini menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan WSPA dipengaruhi kekuatan diskursif yang terbangun atas basis interrelasi antara WSPA sebagai agen (modalitas material dan non material, strategi, dan taktik) dengan struktur. Adapun hasil penelitian ini mengisi kekosongan literatur Masyarakat Sipil Transnasional dan Politik Lingkungan Global dengan: 1) berangkat dari agen tanpa menafikan struktur, 2) menginkorporasikan Positivisme, Konstruktivisme, Interpretivisme, serta 3) mengeksplorasi kasus keberhasilan WSPA mengadvokasi UDAW yang jarang menjadi fokus pembahasan dalam berbagai literatur Hubungan Internasional.

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ABSTRAK
World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA)’s success in advocating the Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare (UDAW) marks an interesting case study because no Transnational Civil Society has managed to advocate environmental regimes for the protection of individual animals. With literature review, document study, and interview as the method for data gathering, as well as Grounded Theory as method for data analysis, this qualitative Analytic Eclectic research concludes that WSPA’s success is influenced by a discursive power founded on the basis of an interplay between WSPA as an agent (material and non material modalities, strategies, and tactics) as well as structure. The result of this research also fills a literature gap on Transnational Civil Society and Global Environmental Politics by: 1) focusing on agent without denying structure, 2) incorporating insights from Positivism, Constructivism, and Interpretivism, and 3) exploring the dynamics of WSPA’s advocacy for UDAW.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
The global civil society is often regarded as a progressive moral force that provides advocacy and protection of marginalized groups in the global political arena. Nevertheless, departing from the belief that civil society has great power and influence over global dynamics, it sees that the legitimacy claims they articulate and articulated by academics are essential to be evaluated, especially with regard to their representation and accountability groups and individual beneficiaries. This paper concludes that the claims of legitimacy of civil society are less justifiable, both normatively and empirically. From the normative point of view, claims for civil society representation are problematic because they are often less ethical and thus have a counterproductive effect on the benefit of beneficiaries. In addition, they are more accountable to donors and the sustainability of related institutions than the interests of beneficiaries. From the empirical point of view, the legitimacy of civil society is also questionable because it is now emerging discourses from their own beneficiaries who oppose the actions of representatives and the lack of accountability demonstrated by International Non-Governmental Organizations over Beneficiaries. This paper concludes with a recommendation to the International NGOs to put the Beneficiaries interests as top priority and stop projecting beneficiaries as passive, mute, and without political agency.