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Abstrak :
Sirih merah (Piper cf. arcuatum Blume) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman yang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai obat tradisional. Studi kimia dan farmakologis terhadap tanaman tersebut masih terbatas, sehingga senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas biologis dalam tanaman tersebut belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi komponen aktif antioksidan dan untuk mengetahui toksisitas daun sirih merah (Piper cf. arcuatum Blume). Isolasi sirih merah dilakukan dengan cara ekstraksi bertingkat menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol. Pemisahan ekstrak menggunakan metode kromatografi kolom, dengan fase diam silika gel dan fase gerak campuran antara n-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol secara gradien. Identifikasi senyawa dalam fraksi A, B, dan C yang dihasilkan, dilakukan dengan menggunakan Gas Chromatography ? Mass Spectrometer (GCMS). Uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode radical scavenger (uji DPPH), sedangkan uji toksisitas dilakukan dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) menggunakan larva udang Artemia salina Leach. Data hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dalam ekstrak metanol daun sirih merah mengandung komponen aktif antioksidan dengan IC50 sebesar 3,44 mg/L dan toksisitas LC50 16,15 mg/L.

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Sirih merah (Piper cf. arcuatum Blume) is a kind of plant that is mostly used by society for traditional medicine. However, studies on pharmaceutical and chemistry fields on the plant is still limited, so that substance which has biological activity in the plant hasn`t been recognized yet. The aim of this research is identify the active compounds of antioxidant from sirih merah (Piper cf. arcuatum Blume) and to know the toxicity of sirih merah. The isolation of sirih merah was done by numerous extracting levels using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The chromatographic column method was used to separate the extract, using the gradient of the steady silica gel phase and mixing move phase between n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The identification of fraction A, B, and C compound is performed by using Gas Chromatography ? Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity assay is treated by the radical scavenger method (DPPH assay). The toxicity assay is treated by the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) used Artemia salina Leach. Based on analysis data shown that sirih merah contains active compounds of antioxidant with IC50 3,44 mg/L and toxicity with LC50 16,15 mg/L.

Abstrak :
Research through a metabolomics approach is carried out withoutisolating a single active compound responsible for an activity. Empirically the root, stem, and leaf preparations of Rhinachantus nasutus (L.) Kurz have long been used in traditional medicine such as the treatment of diabetes, eczema, pulmonary tuberculosis, herpes, hepatitis, and hypertension. This dissertation aims to evaluate compounds that have antioxidant and antidiabetic activity through inhibition of alpha-glucosidase activity of plant R. Nasutus metabolomics and molecular tethering based liquid chromatography very high performance mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (KCKST SM/SM). The stages of research carried out include: (1) Extraction of leaves, flowers, and bark using 70% ethanol with ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction method. (2) Fractionation of selected extracts using centrifugation partition chromatography (PPP). (3) Testing of antidiabetic activity through the mechanism of alpha-glucosidase inhibition of selected extracts and their PPP fractions in vitro. (4) Testing of antioxidant activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) method; ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) in vitro against extracts and PPP fractions whose alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity is very active and/or active. (5) Determination of metabolite profiles using KCKST SM/SM Q-Orbitrap on PPP fractions whose alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity is very active and/or active. (6) Chemometric analysis with multivariate data analysis using SIMCA software against metabolite area area data and bioactivity data. (7) Verification of compounds that contribute significantly as inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase activity resulting from metabolomics by molecular tethering. This study obtained 10 active compounds in the inhibition of alpha-glucosidase in the KPS fraction of R. nasutus, namely compounds (5) bis(2-ethylhexyl) amines, (6) choline, (7) leu gly, (8) N-methyltanolamine phosphate, (11) N-methyldioctylamine, (14) dodesiltrimethethlammonium, (15) austalida J, (17) DL-β-leucine, (22) cemilicoisoflavone B, and (26) licoflavone B. In addition, 6 compounds (compounds 5, 8, 11, 14, 15, and 22) contributed significantly as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors as well as very strong antioxidants with the FRAP method and 3 compounds (compounds 5, 11, and 15) with the CRAPC method. ......In the metabolomics approach, research is done without isolating any active compounds that cause activity. Empirically, preparations of the roots, stems, and leaves of Rhinachantus nasutus (L.) Kurz have long been used in traditional medicine for such purposes as the treatment of diabetes, eczema, pulmonary tuberculosis, herpes, hepatitis, and hypertension. This dissertation aims to evaluate compounds with antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity by inhibiting the alpha-glucosidase activity of the plant R. nasutus using a metabolomics approach and molecular docking based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UHPL MS/MS). The stages of the research included: (1) extraction of leaves, flowers, and stem bark using 70% ethanol using an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method. (2) Fractionation of selected extracts using centrifugation partition chromatography (CPC). (3) In vitro testing of antidiabetic activity through the mechanism of alpha-glucosidase inhibition of selected extracts and their CPC fractions. (4) Testing the antioxidant activity with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) in vitro against extracts and CPC fractions with highly active, active, or slightly active alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. (5) Determination of metabolite profiles using KCKST SM/SM Q-Orbitrap on CPC fractions with highly active or slightly active alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. (6) Chemometric analysis in the form of multivariate data analysis using SIMCA software on metabolite area data and bioactivity data. (7) Verification of compounds that contribute significantly as inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase activity in metabolomics by molecular docking.This study obtained 10 active compounds in alpha-glucosidase inhibition in the R. nasutus CPC fraction, namely compounds (5) bis(2-ethylhexyl) amine, (6) choline, (7) leugly, (8) N-methylethanolamine phosphate, (11) N-methyldioctylamine, (14) dodecyltrimethylammonium, (15) austalide J, (17) DL-β-Leucine, (22) semilicoisoflavone B, and (26) licoflavone B. In addition, it was also found that six compounds (compounds 5, 8, 11, 14, 15, and 22) significantly contributed as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors as well as very strong antioxidants with the FRAP method and three compounds (compounds 5, 11, and 15) with the CUPRAC method.

Abstrak :
Nilai parameter geser tanah gambut sebagai variabel dari kekuatan geser tanah gambut, dapat ditingkatkan dengan pemadatan tanah. Pemadatan yang dilakukan terhadap tanah gambut dalam skripsi ini mengunakan metode Proctor Modifikasi. Metode pemadatan ini dipilih untuk melihat pengaruhnya pada kuat geser tanah gambut melalui uji triaksial Consolidated Undrained (CU) dimana penelitian sejenis belum banyak dilakukan. Metode Pemadatan dengan Proctor Modifikasi diterapkan pada sampel tanah gambut Palangkaraya. Sampel yang telah dipadatkan pada kadar air 100% dan 140%, lalu direndam selama 4 hari sebelum dilakukan uji triaksial. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil uji Triaksial CU, diolah dan dianalisa melalui grafik tegangan deviator terhadap regangan, grafik tegangan deviator terhadap tegangan efektif, grafik tekanan pori terhadap regangan, grafik volume spesifik terhadap ln p - , lingkaran Mohr, selubung keruntuhan, nilai parameter geser sampel tanah gambut tersebut. Sebagai studi awal, parameter geser dari tanah gambut yang dipadatkan dengan Proctor Modifikasi ini menunjukkan kecenderungan nilai parameter geser yang lebih baik, bila dibandingkan dengan parameter geser tanah gambut yang dipadatkan pada kadar air optimum dengan Proctor Standar dan tanah gambut dalam kondisi tak terganggu.

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Values of shear parameters of peat as a variable shear strength, can be increased with soil compaction. The compaction which performed on peat soil in this paper uses the Modified Proctor. This kind of compaction is chosen to see the effects on the shear strength of peat soil through the Triaxial Consolidated Undrained (CU) test, where the typical research has not been widely applied. Modified Proctor is applied to the sample of peat from Palangkaraya at water content of 100% and 140%. Then, the sample is soaked for four days. After four days, the sample is shaped to be triaxial specimens. Data that obtained from CU triaxial test results, processed and analyzed through graphics such as: deviator streess-strain, deviator stress-effective stress, pore pressure-strain, specific volume-ln p', critical line, Mohr diagram, value of the shear parameters of the soil sample. As an initial study, the shear parameters from peat soil that compacted with Modified Proctor, showed a tendency to the better value of shear parameters, when compared with the shear parameters of peat soil that compacted on optimum water content with standard Proctor and peat soil in undisturbed condition.