Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Puri merupakan sebuah identitas kelompok elite yang berasal dari keluarga kerajaan dalam masyarakat Bali. Puri terbentuk sejak masa penaklukan Kerajaan Bedahulu oleh Majapahit pada abad ke-14. Peran sosial yang dilakukan oleh puri masih tetap bertahan hingga masa kini, meskipun puri tidak lagi memiliki kekuasaan formal dalam pemerintahan. Secara umum, puri memiliki tiga peran sosial yang menjadi bagian utama, yaitu (1) peran kultural dalam preservasi seni, khususnya di tengah derasnya perkembangan pariwisata di Pulau Bali, (2) peran ekonomi terkait kesejahteraan masyarakat yang berada di bawah naungannya, dan (3) peran politik dalam mengarahkan figur tertentu dan/atau ikut serta dalam pemerintahan lokal melalui pemilihan umum. Meskipun demikian, perubahan pespektif dari masyarakat terhadap puri pada masa kini dan perbedaan kapabilitas puri yang besar menjadikan peran puri tidak lagi sama antara satu dengan lainnya. Untuk memahami lebih lanjut mengenai peran puri dalam masyarakat Bali pada masa pasca-Orde Baru, penelitian ini dititikberatkan pada dua studi kasus di dua wilayah berbeda, yaitu Kabupaten Klungkung dan Kabupaten Gianyar. Kabupaten Klungkung merupakan lokasi Puri Agung Klungkung yang merupakan puri tertua di Pulau Bali. Kabupaten Gianyar merupakan lokasi tiga puri yang menjadi obyek penelitian, yaitu Puri Agung Gianyar (Puri Gianyar) di Kecamatan Gianyar, serta Puri Saren Ubud dan Puri Agung Peliatan (Puri Ubud) di Kecamatan Ubud. Penelitian ini dirancang untuk menganalisis peran politik puri di Kabupaten Klungkung dan Kabupaten Gianyar serta faktor yang mempengaruhi peran politik tersebut. Teori oligarki, pseudohistori, dan penjelasan mengenai relasi antarkasta dalam masyarakat Bali menjadi penting dalam menganalisis temuan-temuan yang ada dalam penelitian ini. Melalui metode kualitatif, sumber primer penelitian yang didasarkan pada wawancara mendalam dengan sejumlah tokoh puri dan nonpuri diletakkan sebagai kunci utama dalam penelitian ini, selain sumber-sumber sekunder yang juga menunjang kebutuhan informasi lanjutan dalam memahami peran puri secara lebih mendalam. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Puri Klungkung memiliki kapabilitas internal dan eksternal yang lebih lemah dalam memainkan tidak hanya peran politik, namun juga peran ekonomi dan kultural jika dibandingkan dengan peran sosial Puri Gianyar dan Puri Ubud. Kalangan elite Puri Gianyar dan Puri Ubud di Kabupaten Gianyar mampu menjalin relasi yang lebih intensif dengan masyarakat, sehingga partai politik tidak pernah merekomendasikan tokoh di luar puri untuk maju dalam pemilihan umum, setidaknya sampai tahun 2012. Penelitian ini juga tidak menemukan kepentingan bisnis yang bersifat oligarkis dalam jabatan politik tokoh puri di Kabupaten Gianyar, meskipun wilayah ini merupakan wilayah pariwisata terbesar ketiga di Bali, selain Kabupaten Badung dan Kota Denpasar. Kecenderungan bias status dari kalangan puri dan nonpuri juga menjadi temuan penting dalam penelitian ini yang menunjukkan perbedaan perspektif terjadi secara nyata dalam memandang puri dari kalangan nonpuri dan sebaliknya. Kasus pseudohistori yang ditujukan untuk memperbaiki citra puri dalam kasus Puri Agung Klungkung juga menambahkan temuan penting dalam penelitian terkait peran politik puri dan strategi untuk mendapatkan jabatan politik praktis. Skripsi ini diharapkan mampu mengisi celah penelitian terkait politik lokal di Bali, khususnya dalam memahami peran politik puri di masa pasca-Orde Baru secara lebih kontemporer hingga mencakup tahun 2012. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian yang ada, secara keseluruhan puri masih menjadi entitas sosial penting yang memiliki kapabilitas khusus dalam memperoleh dukungan dan legitimasi dari masyarakat di kedua wilayah tersebut, meskipun berbeda secara karakter.

---

Puri is an elite group identity which originated from Balinese royal family. Puri was formed since the Majapahit conquest of Bedahulu Kingdom in the 14th century. The Puri‟s social role still hitherto persists, albeit puri is no longer holds formal authority in local goverment. Generally, puri has three social roles which are substantial, there are (1) cultural role in arts preservation, mainly through vigorous development of tourism in Bali Island, (2) economic role which is related to community welfare under its influence, and (3) political role in directing certain figures and/or participating in local government through elections. Nevertheless, changing perspectives on puri in Balinese community in recent days and huge capability divergences among puri themselves render puri‟s roles being different from each other.

To deepen comprehension on puri‟s roles in Balinese society in post-New Order era, this research is scrutinized in two case studies in two different locations, namely Klungkung Regency and Gianyar Regency. Klungkung Regency is home to the Puri Agung Klungkung which is the oldest puri on the island of Bali. Gianyar Regency is home to three puris which are being research objects, namely Puri Agung Gianyar (Puri Gianyar) in Gianyar subdistrict, along with Puri Saren Ubud and Puri Agung Peliatan (Puri Ubud) in Ubud subdistrict. This research is designed to analyze political role of puri in Klungkung Regency and Gianyar Regency along with some factors affecting the so-called political role. Oligarchic theory, pseudohistorical, and elucidation of caste social relations in Balinese society become necessary to analyze the findings on this research. Through qualitative method, primary sources of this research which are based on in-depth interview with several puri and nonpuri figures provide the setting on this research, aside from secondary sources which bolster additional informations to comprehensively deepen understanding of puri.

The results of this research show that Puri Klungkung has weaker internal and external capacities in playing not solely political role, but also economic and cultural roles if collated with social roles of Puri Gianyar and Puri Ubud. Elite cohort of Puri Gianyar and Puri Ubud in Gianyar Regency is still able to maintain intensive relations with its people, hence political parties never recommend figures outside puri to join local elections, leastwise up to 2012. This research also finds no business interests in Gianyar Regency through political offices held by puri elites which seems like oligarchic, whereas this regency is the third most favorite tourist destinantion in Bali, after Badung Regency dan Denpasar City. The propensity of status bias from both puri and nonpuri elites also becomes an important finding on this research which shows different perspectives that occur apparently regarding puri through nonpuri and vice versa. Pseudohistorical cases which addressed for beautification attempts of puri‟s image in case of Puri Agung Klungkung also add important findings on political role and strategies of puri to achieve political offices.

At last, this thesis is expected to fill the gap on study of local politics in Bali, particularly in comprehension of puri‟s political role in post-New Order era contemporarily up to 2012. Based on existing research findings, overally puri is still an important social entity which has special capabilities to obtain support and legimation from its people in both locations, despite different characteristically."

"Penyakit ISPA pada balita di Puskesmas Curug Kabupaten Tangerang selama 3 tahun berturut-turut selalu menempati posisi 3 besar penyakit dan berdasarkan laporan Puskesmas Curug tahun 2003 menempati urutan pertama (26,8%) dari 10 besar penyakit yang ada. Hal ini diduga karena kondisi fisik rumah, PM10 dan status gizi yang menyebabkan tingginya penyakit ISPA. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian faktor lingkungan rumah yang mempengaruhi hubungan kadar PM10 dan gizi dengan kejadian ISPA. Desain penelitian menggunakan cross sectional, dirnana data dikumpulkan secara bersamaan dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 120 rumah tangga yang ada balitanya (14 hari 59 bulan) secara proporsional berdasar jumlah balita yang ada di wilayah Puskesmas Curug Kabupaten Tangerang. Faktor-faktor yang diteliti adalah PM10, status gizi dan faktor lingkungan rumah (jenis lantai, pencahayaan, ventilasi, kepadatan hunian rumah, kepadatan hunian kamar, penggunaan obat nyamuk, asap rokok dan bahan bakar) yang merupakan confounding PM10 dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita. Hasil analisis bivariat dengan derajat kepercayaan 95% menunjukkan 8 variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita, yaitu PM10 dengan nilai p = 0,000 (26,047; 3,362-201,783), status gizi p = 0,001 (5,980; 2,090-17,110), pencahayaan p = 0,001 (0,841; 0,756-0,9937), ventilasi p = 0,019 (2,565; I,225-5,361), kepadatan huni kamar p = 0004 (4,930; 1,682-14,451), penggunaan obat nyamuk p = 0,000 (7,115; 1,142-16,114), asap rokok p = 0,000 (4,241; 1,172-15347), bahan bakar p = 0,027 (4,680; 1,259-17397). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa PM10, kepadatan hunian kamar, penggunaan obat nyamuk, asap rokok, dan status gi i mempunyai nilai p C 0,05. Pemodelan lengkap antara variabel utama (PM10) dan confounding (kepadatan hunian kamar, penggunaan obat nyamuk, asap rokok) termasuk interaksi, menunjukkan tidak ada interaksi di antara variabel-variabel tersebut. Penilaian confounding menunjukkan bahwa variabel kepadatan human kamar dan obat nyamuk merupakan confounding terhadap PMI0 dengan kejadian ISPA ppada balita (indexs confounding > 10%). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kadar PM10 berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita setelah variabel kepadatan hunian kamar dan obat nyamuk dikendalikan. Dari penelitian ini disarankan untuk menghindari pemakaian obat nyamuk bakar dan rumah tidak padat murni sehingga mengurangi kadar PMIO. Risiko kejadian ISPA dapat dikutangi dengan membuka jendela membuka jendela setiap hari, luas ventilasi rumah minimal 10% luas lantai, tidak merokok dalam rumah, membuat lubang asap dapur, dan pemantauan tumbuh kembang anak dengan melakukan penimbangan secara rutin setiap bulan.

---

House Environmental Factors that Influence the Corellation between the Level of PM10 with the Incedence of Acute Respiratory Infections in Toddlers in Curug Public Health Center Area, Tangerang District, in 2004The incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ART) ini toddlers in Curug public health centre, Tangerang District, in 3 consecutive years HAS always BEEN Ranked in the TOP three of all cases of diseases. The report from Curug public Health Centre in 2004 shows that ARI was ranked first (26,8%) out of to diseases in that particular public health centre. It is suspected that physical condition or the house, the level of PM10, and nutritional status are the factors causing the high incidence or ART.

Design of study is cross sectional, where data were colleted simultaneously. The number of samples is 120 house holds that have toddlers (14 day-59 months old). The number of toddlers was proportional to the number of toddlers living in the area surrounding Curug public health centre.

Factors being studied werf PM10, nutritional status, in house environmental factors (type of floor, the amount of light ini the house, ventilation, density of house occupants, density of occupants in a room, the use of mosquito repellent, cigarette smoke, and fuel), which are the confounding factors of PMIO with the incidence of ari in toddlers.

The result of bivariate analysis with degree of confidence of 95% show that there are & variables that correlate with incidence or ari in toddlers, namely PMI0 with pvalue = 0,000 (26.047,3,362-201.78). Nutritional status p value = 0,001 (5,980 ; 2,090-17,110), Ventilation p value = 0,019 (2,565 ; 1,225 - 5,36!). Density of occupants in a form p value = 0,004 (4,920 ; 1,682 - 14,451), the use of mosquito repellent p value - 0,000 (7,115 ; 1,142 - 16,114), Cigarette smoke p value = 0,000 (4,241 ; 1,172 - 15,347) fuel p value = 0,027 (4,680 ; 1,259-17.397).

The results of multivariate analysis show that PM10, density of occupant in a room, and the use of mosquito repellent, cigarette smoke, and nutritional status have p value <0,05, complete mode lung between the main variable (PM10) and confounding factors (density of occupants in a room, /the use of mosquito repellent, and cigarette smoke), as well as the interaction, shows that there is no interactions between those variables.

Confounding show that the variables such as density of occupants in the a room and the use of cigarette smoke are the confounding factors to PM10 with the incidence of ari in toddlers (confounding index >10%). This it can be concluded that the level of PM10 correlates with the incedence of ari in toddlers , when the two confounding factors are under control.

It can be recommended from this study that the use of mosquito repellent should be avoided and the density of occupants in the house is reduced, as to decrease the level of PM1Q. The risks of ari can be minimized by opening windows daily, making a hole for smoke to escape from the kitchen, ensuring that the ventilation in the house is at least 10% of total house area, not smoking inside the house, and routinely maintain the toddlers health each month for example is routine body weighing)."

"

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) adalah penyakit yang umum pada anak-anak dan remaja, dan mempengaruhi kualitas hidup. Telah ditemukan beberapa faktor risiko IBS, antara lain jenis kelamin, status sosioekonomik, dan gaya hidup. Penelitian mengenai prevalensi, faktor risiko, dan pengaruh IBS pada murid sekolah dasar sangatlah terbatas, khususnya di Indonesia, maka dari itu penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko, epidemiologi, dan pengaruh IBS terhadap performa akademik dan tingkat absensi. Penelitian potong lintang ini mengikutsertakan murid sekolah dasar di sebuah sekolah negeri di Jakarta. Orangtua diminta untuk mengisi kuisioner yang berisi karakteristik demografik dan kuisioner Rome III. Kami menggunakan metode total sampling. Subjek dikelompokkan menjadi dua kelompok (dengan IBS dan tanpa IBS), guna dibandingkan. Data di analisa menggunakan Pearson Chi-square, dan Mann-Whitney test. Di antara 154 subjek (86 laki-laki dan 68 perempuan) dengan umur median 9,68 tahun, 13 (8,4%) memiliki IBS. Umur, latar belakang pendidikan orangtua, dan kelas tidak berkaitan secara signifikan terhadap IBS. Jenis kelamin berkaitan secara signifikan terhadap IBS dengan perempuan sebagai faktor risiko yang signifikan. Absen tidak terkait secara signifikan dengan IBS, tetapi terlihat bahwa subjek dengan IBS memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi sedikit dibandingkan dengan subjek tanpa IBS (P = 0.282).

Kesimpulan: Prevalensi IBS adalah 8,4%. Jenis kelamin adalah satu-satunya faktor risiko yang signifikan, dan tingkat absensi dan performa akademik secara statistik tidak signifikan terkait IBS.

---

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder in children and adolescent, that influence their quality of life. Previous studies have shown that there are several risk factors towards IBS, such as gender, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle. Knowledge regarding the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of IBS in primary school students is very limited, especially in Indonesia, thus this study was aimed to explore the risk factors, epidemiology, and impact of IBS towards academic achievement and school absenteeism. This cross-sectional study included primary school students in a public school in Jakarta. Parents were asked to complete the questionnaires which comprise of demographic characteristics and Rome III questionnaire. We used total sampling. Then, the subjects were separated into two groups (those with IBS and those without IBS) in order to compare between the two. Data were analyzed with Pearson Chi-square, and Mann-Whitney test. Among 154 subjects (86 males and 68 females) with median age of 9.68 years, 13 (8.4%) had IBS. Age, parental education, and grade was not significantly associated with IBS. However, gender was a significant factor towards IBS with females as the significant risk factor. Absence was not significantly associated with IBS, but it is shown that those with IBS had slightly higher average score compared to those without IBS (P = 0.282).

Conclusion: Prevalence of IBS among primary school is 8.4. Gender was the only significant factor associated with IBS and that school absenteeism and academic achievement were not significantly associated with IBS.

"

"Latar Belakang : Ekstrak kismis telah dikenal sejak dahulu dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen, karena mengandung oleanolic acid yang telah terbukti dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri rongga mulut.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek antimikroba infusum Kismis terhadap Streptococcus mutans.Metode: Infusum Kismis dibuat dengan proses pemanasan 100oCselama 15 menit pada 50 gr kismis dalam 500ml air (konsentyrasi 10%), kemudian diopanaskan lagi sehingga larutan tersisa 50ml (konsentrasi 100%). Untuk penelitian ini dibuat infusum 80%, 60%, 40%, 30%, dan 15% sesuai dengan prosedur yang benar. Efek antimikroba masing2 infusum kismis diperiksa dengan metode dilusi sehingga diperoleh nilai KHM dan KBM serta metode difusi sehingga diperoleh nilai Zona Hambatan terhadap 6 koloni streptococcus mutans.Hasil: Efek infusum Kismis terhadap Streptococcus mutans adalah sebagai berikut : Pada koloni 1 : zona hambatan 1,00 mm; KHM 30% /ml ,KBM 60% /ml ; koloni 2 : zona hambatan 1,50 mm; KHM 30% /ml ,KBM 60% /ml; koloni 3 : zona hambatan 1,00 mm; KHM 30% /ml ,KBM 60% /ml; koloni 4 : zona hambatan 0,50 mm; KHM 30% /ml ,KBM 60% /ml; koloni 5 : zona hambatan 1,00 mm; KHM 30% /ml ,KBM 60% /ml; koloni 6 : zona hambatan 1,00 mm; KHM 30% /ml ,KBM 60% /ml;Kesimpulan: Secara in vitro, infusum kismis dengan konsentrasi 30% bersifat bakteriostatik, sedangkan pada konsentrasi 60% bersifat bakterisid dengan rata-rata Zona hambatan 1,0625 mm.

---

Background : Seedless Raisins has been known that it can inhibit the growth of pathogen bactery, because it contains of oleanolic acid that can inhibit the growth of oral pathogen.Objectives: The aim of the study is to determine the sensitivity of Infusum Raisins on mutans streptococci.Methods: Infusum is the product of the process of steeping Raisins for extraction of its medicinal principle. The effect of infusum Raisins was examined in vitro on the inhibit the bacterial growth by determining the inhibition zone (agar diffusion method), minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The microorganisms tested were composed 6 colony of Streptococcus mutans wild strain that taken from Oral Biology Laboratory of Faculty of Dentistry University of Indonesia, labeled as Streptococcus mutans1, Streptococcus mutans2, Streptococcus mutans3, Streptococcus mutans4,Streptococcus mutans5, Streptococcus mutans6. Data obtained was done in a descriptive method.Results: showed that Raisins?s Infusum had effect on all of mutans of Streptococcus mutans 1 (inhibition zone 1.00 mm; MIC 30% /ml ,MBC 60% /ml); Streptococcus mutans 2 (inhibition zone 1.50 mm; MIC 30%/ml ,MBC 60%/ml); Streptococcus mutans 3 (inhibition zone 1.00 mm; MIC 30%/ml ,MBC 60%/ml); Streptococcus mutans 4 (inhibition zone 0.50 mm; MIC 30%/ml ,MBC 60%/ml); Streptococcus mutans 5 (inhibition zone 1.00 mm; MIC 30%/ml ,MBC 60%/ml), Streptococcus mutans6 (inhibition zone 1.00 mm; MIC 30/ml ,MBC 60%/ml).Conclusion: We concluded that Raisins's Infusum has anti microbial activity against 6 colony of Streptococcus mutans in oral cavity, in vitro. Hence it may have potential anti-cariesproperty."

"Gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas (GPPH) adalah gangguan perkembangan saraf yang dapat diidentifikasikan dengan tingkat hiperaktif, impulsivitas dan gangguan permusatan perhatian yang abnormal. Hal tersebut dapat berdampak buruk pada perilaku, emosi, kognitif, akademik, fungsi okupasi, dan fungsi sosial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari hubungan antara GPPH dengan prestasi akademik, absen, dan faktor-faktor risiko terhadap GPPH. Subjek penelitian anak sekolah dasar negeri yang berada di SDN Menteng 01. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian cross-sectional yang menggunakan kuesioner Conners’ 10 Item Scale yang di bagikan kepada orang tua anak. Terdapat 215 anak (99 laki-laki dan 116 perempuan) yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Terdapat 35 subjek yang dicurigai terdapat GPPH. ADHD memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap prestasi akademik (p = 0.020), namun tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap absen (p = 0.801). Pendapatan keluarga (p = 0.005) dan pendidikan orang tua (0.000) juga mempunyai hubungan signifikan terhadap GPPH pada anak. Umur anak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap prestasi akademik dan absen anak. Terakhir, prestasi akademik memiliki hubungan positif berbanding lurus yang signifikan terhadap absen. GPPH memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap prestasi akademik dan juga memiliki rasio jenis kelamin 2:1 (laki-laki:perempuan).

---

Attention deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that can be identified with abnormal levels of hyperactivity, impulsiveness and inattentivity, that can negatively affect behavior, emotions, cognitive ability, academic achievement, and occupational and social function. Studies have been done where risk factors such as socioeconomic and parent educational background has an effect on the occurence of ADHD in children. There has also been studies that have found correlation between ADHD and its adverse effects on academic achievement and absenteeism. Studies regarding this matter in Indonesia is still considered limited. Therefore, the aim of this study to explore the correlation between ADHD and its correlation with children’s academic achievement and absenteeism, and how its risk factors correlate with ADHD.

Subjects include primary public school students in SDN Menteng 01 Jakarta. This study is a cross-sectional study which utilises a questionnaires (Conners’ 10-item scale for ADHD screening) that was distributed to parents. There were 215 (99 males and 116 females) subjects which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Thirty five subjects were suspected for ADHD. ADHD had significant negative correlation to academic score (p = 0.020) but is not significant when correlated to absenteeism (p = 0.801). Family income (p = 0.005) and parent education background (p = 0.000) are also significant to ADHD. Age is significantly correlated to academic achievement and absenteeism. Conclusions. There is significant positive correlation between absence and academic achievement. To conclude, ADHD is significantly correlated with academic achievement, with a gender ratio of approxiamtely 2:1."