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Abstrak :
Sulitnya transportasi bahan bakar solar ke daerah pedesaan merupakan kendala untuk menetapkan harga listrik PLTD yang terjangkau masyarakat pedesaan, sehingga pemanfaatan energi terbarukan seperti biogas untuk produksi energi listrik di daerah pedesaan sangat diperlukan. Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Diesel-Biogas (PLTD-BG) adalah PLTD berbahan bakar utama biogas yang dihasilkan suatu digester. Biogas dihasilkan dari bahan masukan digester berupa kotoran ternak atau sampah organik, seperti: jerami path, batang jagung, dll, yang umumnya terdapat di daerah pedesaan. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji teknologi pemanfaatan biogas untuk pembangkitan tenaga listrik di daerah pedesaan, meliputi pemilihan dan modifikasi digester, dan mesin Diesel penggerak mulanya, .perhitungan biaya investasi dan harga listrik PLTD-BG berdasarkan prakiraan pertumbuhan kebutuhan energi listrik. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel desa Toianas-Kupang, dan hasil penelitiannya diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai acuan pemanfaatan PLTD-BG di desa-desa lain di Indonesia.

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The difficulty in Diesel fuel transportation into rural areas is a constraint to establish Diesel electric power cost that could be reached by rural community, so the use of renewable energy such as biogas for electrical energy production in rural areas is strongly needed. A Biogas-Diesel Power Plant is a Diesel power plant majority fuelled by biogas produced by a digester. Biogas is produced by feeding a digester with livestock dung or organic waste, such as: rice straw, cornstalk, etc, generally available in rural areas. The main but of this research is to investigate the technology of biogas utilization for electric power generation in rural areas, consisting of the choice and modification of digester, and Diesel engine as prime mover, the calculation of investment and electric cost of Biogas-Diesel Power Plant based on electrical energy demand growth estimation_ This research used Toianas village in Kupang as a sample, and the results of the research are expected to be used as a reference of Biogas-Diesel Power Plant utilization in other villages in Indonesia.

Abstrak :
PW10 adalah salah satu indikator pencemaran udara yang lazim digunakan saat ini. Pencemaran udara oleh PK° di luar ruangan terjadi akibat kegiatan industri, polusi kendaraan bermotor, pembukaan hutan dengan cara dibakar, letusan gunung berapi dan instalasi pembangkit tenaga listrik. Pabrik batako sebagai salah satu industri kecil, berpotensi menyumbang PM10 di lingkungan kerja, yang jika tidak diwaspadai dapat merugikan kesehatan pekerja, diantaranya gejala infeksi saluran penafasan akut (ISPA). Desain study cross sectional digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pajanan PM10 pabrik batako dengan gejala ISPA pada pekerja pabrik batako di Kabupaten Banyuasin. Sebanyak 165 pekerja dari 30 pabrik batako menjadi responden dalam penelitian ini. Pengukuran konsentrasi PM1o pabrik dan parameter lain, seperti kelembaban udara, kepadatan rumah, luas ventilasi, karakteristik responden, seperti umur, status gizi dan kebiasaan merokok serta gejala ISPA diukur dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bemakna antara PK10 dan gejala ISPA pekerja pabrik batako (p=000, OR=7,60). Juga ada hubungan bermakna antara kebiasaan merokok dengan gejala ISPA (p=0,002, 0R=4,42) dan kelembaban rumah dengan gejala ISPA (p=0,009, OR.=3,18). Pemerintah dan pihak terkait perlu melakukan pernantauan terhadap kualitas udara pabrik batako dan melakukan penyuluhan untuk mencegah atau meminimalkan darnpak kesehatan yang mungkin terjadi akibat pencemaran udara pada pabrik batako. ......PM10 is air pollution indicator which often used for ambient particulate. Air pollution caused by PM10 in out of room is able to be caused by industry activities, vehicle pollution, forest for burning, mountains eruption and generator instalation. A brick factory has a great chance to contribute PIN/110 on its environment. It would have a bad health impact, among other thing is symptom of ARI (Accute Respiratory Infection). Cross sectional study used in this research aims to know about relationship between PK° exposure of brick factory with ART symptom on its worker in Banyuasin Regency. 165 workers from 30 brick factory became respondent in this research. Besides, PMID concentration measuring of brick factory and others parameter was tested, such as air humidity, house density, large of ventilation, including respondent characteristic ( ages, nutrient status, smoking habit). The result of this research indicates that Pivlio has strong relationship with ART symptom of brick factory workers (p=000, OR=7,60), then smoking habit variable (p=0,002, OR=4,42) and house humidity (p-- 1,009, OR=3,18). Brick factory workers with standard PMio concentration has a great chance to have ART symptom 7,6 times higher than a factory with low PK') concentration. Smoking habit of the workers will have chance 4,5 times higher to have ARI symptom than un-smoking workers. And for the workers who live in un-fulfill humidity area have a big chance to have ARI symptom 3 times higher than they who live in standard humidity house. In this research, hope the government and related instances are monitoring to the air quality of brick factory and giving much information to avoid and minimize bad health impact which might be caused by air pollution in brick factory.