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"[ABSTRAKMangan merupakan logam yang digunakan untuk berbagai macam kebutuhan seperti untuk campuran logam agar menghasilkan baja dalam industri baja. Kebutuhan bijih mangan juga meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan teknologi dan kebutuhan akan mangan tersebut. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan proses pembuatan ferromangan dari bahan baku bijih mangan lokal dengan menggunakan submerged arc furnace (SAF). Proses peleburan dilakukan dengan menggunakan 30kg bijih mangan, 12kg batu kapur, dan jumlah kokas serta batu bara yang bervariasi, yaitu 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100%. Kemudian, analisa karaktrisasi akan dilakukan untuk mengetahui kualitas produk ferromangan yang dihasilkan, yaitu analisa XRF (X-Ray Fluoroscence), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) untuk mengecek kadar mangan dan kadar slag, analisa masa selama proses produksi, dan analisa jumlah pemakaian energi selama proses produksi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dengan peningkatan kadar kokas dibandingkan kadar batu bara dapat meningkatkan kualitas maupun kuantitas produk ferromangan. Dengan penggunaan 9.5kg (100%) coke akan menghasilkan massa/yield tertinggi yaitu 12.8kg / 96.24% karena kokas memiliki unsur yang lebih baik daripada batu bara sehingga proses reduksi dapat menjadi optimal. Selanjutnya, kandungan mangan pada produk ferromangan tertinggi saat penggunaan 9.5kg (100%) coke sebesar 75.19% Mn karena kokas memiliki kandungan unsur pengotor yang lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan batu bara sehingga proses reduksi berlangsung dengan optimal. Kemudian, konsumsi energy terendah saat penggunaan 9.5kg (100%) coke sebesar 7.03KWh/kg karena kokas memiliki kandungan pengotor yang sedikit, salah satu contohnya volatile matter, jika kandungan unsur tersebut besar maka konsumsi energi akan bertambah. Sedangkan kandungan fosfor dan sulfur terendah pada produk ferromangan ketika penggunaan 9.5 kg (100%) coke, yaitu fosfor dibawah 0.001% dan sulfur 0.18%. Pengaruh kandungan tersebut berasal dari reduktor yang digunakan, kokas memiliki kandungan phosphorus dan sulphur yang lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan kokas. Phosphorus dapat membuat rapuh logam karena adanya perbedaan kekerasan, kekuatan, dan keuletannya. Sedangkan sulphur dapat membuat rapuh logam pada saat temperature tempa, sehingga kemampuan tempanya akan menurun. Selain itu berdasarkan aspek ekonomi, diperoleh hasil yang memilik keuntungan tertinggi sebesar Rp62,565 dengan penggunaanreduktor sebanyak 9.5kg (100%) coke dan 0kg (0%) coal.ABSTRACTManganese mineral is one of the metal element which are used in common to produce alloy steel product. Manganese element is important to enhance steel properties such as wear resistance and hardness. Due to high demand of alloy steel, the production of ferromanganese products are also increase. This phenomena leaded to a large number of manganese ore supply. In this present study, the ferromanganese production will be conducted in mini submerged arc furnace (SAF) technology. The process began with 30 kg medium grade manganese ore from Jember, East Java-Indonesia, 12 kg limestone as its fluxing agent, and with the main variable of mixed reductor from 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% of cokes and coal as its balance. Along the process, chemical analysis also conducted with some tools to obtain an accurate data of chemical compositions within the raw materials, slag, and ferromanganese product. These chemical analysis were conducted by XRF, XRD, and Proximate analysis. Furthermore, not only the chemical composition but also the number of electricity in each process were calculated to obtain the most efficient process.The result of this research showed an increasing trend in ferromanganese quality and quantity with a large number of cokes. Instead of coal, cokes are more effective as a reductor agent in this process. This study showed that with 9.5 kg of cokes (100%) the reduction process of ferromanganese will produce 12.8 kg of ferromanganese metal, 75.19% of manganese content, 96.24% of yield ratio, and least number of energy consumption 7.03 kwh/kg ferromanganese product. One of the reasons to support this result is because cokes have lesser number of impurities than in coal such as volatile matter. The amount of phosphor and sulfur content in ferromanganese metal also can be reduced to < 0.001% P and 0.18% S by using 100% cokes as its reductor. These parameters are important because with small number of phosphor and sulfur content the metal will become tougher and hinder the negative effect of short red hardness in metal during further forming activity. The other reason to support the effectiveness of using 100% cokes as the reductor instead of mixing with coal is the amount of profit for each process which is turned to be the highest profit number compare to other mixing composition, it is Rp 62.565,-/process., Manganese mineral is one of the metal element which are used in common to produce alloy steel product. Manganese element is important to enhance steel properties such as wear resistance and hardness. Due to high demand of alloy steel, the production of ferromanganese products are also increase. This phenomena leaded to a large number of manganese ore supply. In this present study, the ferromanganese production will be conducted in mini submerged arc furnace (SAF) technology. The process began with 30 kg medium grade manganese ore from Jember, East Java-Indonesia, 12 kg limestone as its fluxing agent, and with the main variable of mixed reductor from 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% of cokes and coal as its balance. Along the process, chemical analysis also conducted with some tools to obtain an accurate data of chemical compositions within the raw materials, slag, and ferromanganese product. These chemical analysis were conducted by XRF, XRD, and Proximate analysis. Furthermore, not only the chemical composition but also the number of electricity in each process were calculated to obtain the most efficient process.The result of this research showed an increasing trend in ferromanganese quality and quantity with a large number of cokes. Instead of coal, cokes are more effective as a reductor agent in this process. This study showed that with 9.5 kg of cokes (100%) the reduction process of ferromanganese will produce 12.8 kg of ferromanganese metal, 75.19% of manganese content, 96.24% of yield ratio, and least number of energy consumption 7.03 kwh/kg ferromanganese product. One of the reasons to support this result is because cokes have lesser number of impurities than in coal such as volatile matter. The amount of phosphor and sulfur content in ferromanganese metal also can be reduced to < 0.001% P and 0.18% S by using 100% cokes as its reductor. These parameters are important because with small number of phosphor and sulfur content the metal will become tougher and hinder the negative effect of short red hardness in metal during further forming activity. The other reason to support the effectiveness of using 100% cokes as the reductor instead of mixing with coal is the amount of profit for each process which is turned to be the highest profit number compare to other mixing composition, it is Rp 62.565,-/process.]"

"Sumber Daya Manusia khususnya tenaga pendidik memegang peranan penting dalam proses belajar mengajar. Sebagai salah satu bagian dari komponen pendidikan, tenaga pendidik memegang peranan kunci dalam mentransfer ilmu pengetahuan dan keterampilan kepada peserta didik. Sebagai lembaga pendidikan, Pusdikpal mulai menerapkan pendidikan berbasis Sistem Kredit Semester (SKS). Namun dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan berbasis SKS ini, masih ditemukan beberapa permasalahan antara lain terbatasnya kuantitas tenaga pendidik, sebagian besar tenaga pendidik belum memiliki sertifikasi mengajar serta kurangnya kualikasi pendidikan yang dimiliki tenaga pendidik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhi pengembangan sumber daya manusia di Pusdikpal, sekaligus menganalisis strategi yang tepat atas pengembangan sumber daya manusia dalam meningkatkan kompetensi tenaga pendidik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan paradigma post positivism. Data primer didapatkan melalui studi literatur dan wawancara mendalam dengan berbagai informan yang memiliki latar belakang bidang pendidikan di jajaran internal Angkatan Darat, sektor akademisi Pergururan Tinggi maupun sektor pemerintahan. Data sekunder diperoleh dari laporan resmi satuan di bidang personel. Penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka konseptual pengembangan sumber daya manusia yang dikembangkan Werner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan sumber daya manusia dalam meningkatkan kompetensi tenaga pendidik dapat dilakukan melalui pengembangan organisasi, pengembangan karir serta pelatihan dan pengembangan. Pemberian strategi yang tepat kepada tenaga pendidik sebagai kunci keberhasilan untuk pengembangan sumber daya manusia dalam meningkatkan kompetensi dengan memperhatikan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi baik dari dalam maupun dari luar. Perlu adanya pelembagaan yang memperhatikan pengembangan sumber daya manusia dalam upaya meningkatkan kompetensi tenaga pendidik sehingga capaiannya dapat dipertahankan secara berkelanjutan.

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Human Resources, especially teaching staff, play an important role in the teaching and learning process. As one part of the education component, teaching staff play a key role in transferring knowledge and skills to students.As educational institution, Pusdikpal has begun implementing education based on the Semester Credit System (SKS). However, in the implementation of credit-based education, several problems are still found, including the limited quantity of teaching staff, the majority of teaching staff do not have teaching certification and the lack of educational qualifications of teaching staff. This research aims to analyze the factors that influence the development of human resources at Pusdikpal, as well as analyzing appropriate strategies for developing human resources in increasing the competence of teaching staff.This research uses a qualitative approach with a post positivism paradigm. Primary data was obtained through literature studies and in-depth interviews with various informants who had educational backgrounds in the internal ranks of the Army, the higher education academic sector and the government sector. Secondary data was obtained from official unit reports in the field of personnel. This research uses the conceptual framework of human resource development developed by Werner. The research results show that human resource development in increasing the competence of teaching staff can be done through organizational development, career development and training and development. Providing appropriate strategies to teaching staff is the key to success in developing human resources in increasing competence by paying attention to influencing factors both from within and from outside. There needs to be institutionalization that pays attention to human resource development in an effort to increase the competency of teaching staff so that their achievements can be maintained on an ongoing basis."