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Abstrak :
Background: Oral malodor, a generic descriptor term for foul smells emanating from the mouth can be classified as either pathological or physiological halitosis. Some problems are often confounded by the climcian's mismanagement. Objective: This paper reviews the etiology of classification and determination of treatment needs (TN) for oral malodor. Literature review and discussion: In the majority of cases the problem has been shown to originate in the oral cavity. Although oral malodor cases are often telated to physiological aspects, sometimes they can be related to extra oral sources and psychological aspects. Classification methods of oral malodor with corresponding treatment needs (TN) have already been established. Although PTC & tongue brushing and appropriate mouthrinses are both important and basic treatment measures for halitosis, other dental treatments are sometimes required. Conclusion: Accurate screening and diagnosis of halitosis followed by appropriate TN may give better results and consequently reduce the risk of mismanagement.

Abstrak :
Efikasi Pasta Gigi yang Mengandung Nano Kalsium dalam Memperbaiki Karies Dini. Menyikat gigi dengan pasta gigi adalah cara mekanis yang paling efektif dalam menghilangkan plak, mencegah karies gigi dan memperbaiki karies dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektifitas pasta gigi yang mengandung nano kalsium sebagai komponen aktif untuk memperbaiki karies dini dalam dua minggu. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain double-blind randomized parallel group clinical trial. Delapan belas orang secara acak diberikan pasta gigi yang diuji, dan delapan belas lainnya diberikan pasta gigi kontrol. Pengukuran karies dini dilakukan dengan menggunakan DIAGNOdent Pen pada saat sebelum dan sesudah dua minggu pemakaian pasta giginya. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pasta gigi uji secara signifikan efektif dalam memperbaiki karies dini dalam jangka waktu dua minggu, dibandingkan dengan pasta gigi kontrol. Pasta gigi yang mengandung nano-calcium memiliki potensi yang tinggi dalam mempercepat penyembuhan dari karies dini.

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Brushing teeth with toothpaste is the most effective method of removing plaque, preventing dental caries and repairing early caries. This research aims to conduct an efficacy test of toothpaste containing nano calcium as an active ingredient in repairing early caries over two weeks. A double-blind randomized parallel group clinical trial was conducted. Eighteen people were randomly assigned to use the test toothpaste, and eighteen others were assigned to use the control toothpaste. Assessments of early caries with DIAGNOdent Pen were performed before and after two weeks of toothpaste use. The results showed that the test toothpaste was more effective in repairing early caries over two weeks than the control toothpaste. Toothpaste containing nano-calcium has the potential to accelerate the healing of early dental caries.;Brushing teeth with toothpaste is the most effective method of removing plaque, preventing dental caries and repairing early caries. This research aims to conduct an efficacy test of toothpaste containing nano calcium as an active ingredient in repairing early caries over two weeks. A double-blind randomized parallel group clinical trial was conducted. Eighteen people were randomly assigned to use the test toothpaste, and eighteen others were assigned to use the control toothpaste. Assessments of early caries with DIAGNOdent Pen were performed before and after two weeks of toothpaste use. The results showed that the test toothpaste was more effective in repairing early caries over two weeks than the control toothpaste. Toothpaste containing nano-calcium has the potential to accelerate the healing of early dental caries.

Abstrak :
Pengukuran frekuensi, waktu dan lamanya sikat gigi pada populasi dewasa dan anak di Jakarta, Indonesia. Studi Epidemiologi sangatlah penting untuk mengevaluasi kesehatan gigi dan mulut suatu negara. Tujuan: Mendapatkan data frekuensi, waktu, dan lamanya menyikat gigi orang dewasa dan anak-anak di Jakarta, Indonesia. Metode: Sikat gigi yang telah berisi pencatat data dijital disebar secara acak pada 120 keluarga di Jakarta untuk mendapatkan data menyikat gigi dalam keluarga tersebut. Keluarga yang dianalisis adalah bapak, ibu dan dua orang anak yang berusia antara 6 ? 15 tahun. Hasil: Rerata frekuensi sikat gigi populasi penelitian adalah 1.27 kali per hari. Sebagian besar individu (46%) menyikat gigi pada pagi hari. Rerata waktu lamanya menyikat gigi adalah 57.29 detik. Frekuensi menyikat gigi ibu cenderung lebih tinggi daripada anggota keluarga yang lain, sementara bapak cenderung menyikat gigi lebih lama. Simpulan: Pendidikan efektif yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan lamanya dan frekuensi menyikat gigi dari satu kali menjadi dua kali masih sangat penting dilakukan di Indonesia.

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Epidemiological study of tooth brushing is essential to evaluate dental health of a country. Objective: To obtain data on tooth brushing frequency, time of day and duration from adults and children in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: Toothbrushes containing data loggers were distributed to 120 random families in Jakarta to record how many times a day, when and for how long subjects brushed their teeth. The families were each composed of a mother, father and two children aged between 6 and 15 years. Results: The mean brushing frequency of the population was 1.27 times per day. The majority of the tooth brushing (46%) was performed in the morning. The mean tooth brushing duration of this population was 57.29 seconds. The mothers? tooth brushing frequencies tended to be higher than that of the other family members, and the fathers tended to brush their teeth longer. Conclusion: Effective education aimed at increasing both the duration and frequency of tooth brushing from once to twice per day is urgently required in Indonesia.