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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Bursa Efek Jakarta atas 149 perusahaan yang melakukan Initial Public Offering dari periode 1994 sampai dengan 2003. Secara umum penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan adanya tindakan oportunistik perusahaan pada saat melalaikan IPO, menguji pengaruh manajemen laba terhadap kinerja jangka panjang perusahaan, membuktikan adanya fenomena penurunan kinerja jangka panjang (underperformance) perusahaan setelah IPO serta untuk memberikan gambaran dan perbandingan mengenai berbagai metode perhitungan manajemen laba dan kinerja jangka panjang perusahaan IPO tersebut. Manajemen laba pada penelitian ini akan diproksikan oleh 2 variabel akrual yaitu discretionary current accrual (DCA) dan discretionary long term accrual (DLA) serta oleh 2 variabel real activities manipulation yaitu real activities manipulation melalui CFO dan COGS. Sedangkan fenomena penurunan kinerja jangka panjang akan diukur berdasarkan ukuran kinerja pasar (metode cumulative abnormal retum dan buy and hold return) dan kinerja operasi untuk periode 1 tahun, 2 tahun dan 3 tahun setelah IPO. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam melakukan penelitian ini adalah dengan melakukan uji beda dan regresi berganda. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa (1) terjadi manajemen laba pada saat perusahaan melakukan IPO dengan menggunakan proksi akiual diskretioner namun tidak untuk proksi real activities manipulation (2) variabel manajemen laba (DCA dan DLA) hanya dapat mempengaruhi kinerja pasar dalam jangka waktu 1 tahun dan (3) adanya fenomena underperformance atas perusahaan publik dalam pasar Indonesia. Sedangkan hipotesa bahwa DCA merupakan variabel yang paling superior mempengaruhi penurunan kinerja jangka panjang dan bahwa kinerja jangka panjang perusahaan yang melakukan manajemen laba secara agresif pada saat IPO lebih buruk daripada perusahaan yang melakukan manajemen laba secara konservatif, tidak didukung oleh penelitian ini. ......This study investigates 149 Initial Public Offering (IPO) made by companies listed in Jakarta Stock Exchange (JSX) from 1994 up to 2003. In general, this study is aimed to prove whether firms opportunistically manipulate earnings in the period of IPO. Specifically this study examine the effect of earnings management on firms long term performance, to investigate whether company experience a phenomena of post IPO underperformance, and provide explanation and comparison of several methods of earning management and long-term performance measurement. In this study, earnings management proxies by two accruals variable which are discretionary current accruals and discretionary long term accruals and another two variable of real activities manipulation; real activities manipulation through CFO and COGS. In addition, the underperformance phenomenon is measured by market performance (Cumulative Abnormal Return and Buy and Hold method) and operation performance for periods 1 years after IPO, 2 years after IPO and 3 years after IPO’s date. The methodologies used in this thesis are t test and multiple regression models. This study results (1) eamings management finds through accruals but not through real activities manipulation (2) eamings management effect stock performance 1 year after IPO and (3) underperformance phenomena toward public companies in Indonesia. Otherwise, this research does not support discretionary current accrual as the superior variable that caused the decrease of after market performance. Finally, this research suggests IPO issuers with aggressive earnings management does not poor stock return than conservative earnings management.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini memperluas perspektif manajemen laba riil, dengan mengkritisi manajemen laba riil tidak hanya sebagai suatu penyimpangan dari operasi normal perusahaan tapi juga merupakan implementasi strategi fungsional perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi hubungan kontinjensi antara ketidakpastian lingkungan, strategi bisnis, dan manajemen laba riil terhadap kinerja operasi masa datang. Penelitian ini menggunakan total observasi 1.300 sampel perusahaan terbuka di Indonesia dari tahun 2005 sampai dengan 2010. Dalam mengolah data, penelitian ini menggunakan model persamaan struktural. Temuan empiris penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan dengan strategi defender melakukan manajemen laba riil lebih besar dibanding prospector, dan kontinjen fit antara ketidakpastian lingkungan dan orientasi strategi bisnis defender secara positif berdampak terhadap tindakan manajemen laba riil yang dilakukan perusahaan. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa tanpa mempertimbangkan kesesuaian dengan strategi bisnis, manajemen laba riil secara negatif mempengaruhi kinerja operasi masa datang. Hasil ini mendukung proposisi bahwa manajemen laba riil cenderung bersifat oportunistik.Terakhir, dengan mempertimbangkan kontinjen fit antara strategi bisnis dan manajemen laba riil, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pengaruh negatif hubungan tidak langsung antara strategi bisnis dengan manajemen laba riil terhadap kinerja operasi masa datang secara signifikan lebih kecil daripada dampak langsung manajemen laba riil. ...... This research broadens the real earnings management perspective, criticizing real earnings management not only as a deviation from a company rsquo s normal operation but also as part of a company rsquo s functional strategy. This research aims to investigate the contingent relationship between environment uncertainty, business strategy, and real earnings management to future operational performance. This research used total observations sample of 1.300 firm years from public companies in Indonesia during the period 2005 ndash 2010. The research applied Structural Equation Modelling SEM. The empirical findings show that companies with a defender strategy conduct more real earnings management that prospector and contingent fit between environment uncertainties and business strategy orientation of defender affected firm real earnings management actions. This research also finds that without considering business strategy, real earnings management negatively affects future performance. This result supports the proposition that real earnings management tends to be carried out opportunistically by management.Last, by considering the contingency fit between business strategies and real earnings management, this research finds that the indirect negative impact of business strategy and real earnings management on future performance is significantly smaller than the direct impact of real earnings management.

Abstrak :
This study investigates 149 Initial Public Offering (IPO) in Jakarta Stocke EXchange (JSX) from 1994 up to 2003. In general, this study is aimed to prove whether firms opprtunistically manage earnings in the period of IPO. Specifically this study examines the effect of earnings management on firms long term perfomance and provides explanation as well as comparison of several measures of earning management and long-term performance. In this study, earning management is measured by two accrual variables which are discretionary current accruals and discretionary long term accruals and by two variables of discretionary real activities through Cash Flow from Operation (CFO) and Cost of Goods Sold (COGS). In addition, the underperformance phenomenon is measured by market performance (Cumulative Abnormal Return and Buy and Hold Return Method) for periods 1 years after IPO, 2 years after IPO and 3 years after IPO's date. The hypothesis testing used in this thesis are t tesr and multiple regression models. The results show (1) earnings management is conducted through accruals but not through real activities manipulation and (2) earnings management affects stock performance 1 year after IPO. Finally, this research finds that there is no difference in stock performance for IPO issuers with aggressive and conservative earnings management. examines the effect of earnings management on firms long term performance and provides explanation as well as comparison of several measures of earning management and long term performance.