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"Latar Belakang: Pada ODHA didapatkan peningkatan inflamasi dan stres oksidatif. Puasa Ramadan dapat memperbaiki inflamasi dan stres oksidatif, namun penelitian pada ODHA yang mendapat antiretroviral belum pernah dilakukan. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh puasa Ramadan terhadap high sensitivity Creactive protein (hs-CRP) dan status antioksidan total (SAT) pada ODHA yang mengonsumsi antiretroviral. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian prospektif pada 29 orang ODHA dengan ARV yang berpuasa dan 29 yang tidak berpuasa. Kriteria inklusi yaitu pria, 20-40 tahun, mendapat ARV lini 1 minimal 6 bulan, serta tidak dalam fase inisiasi pengobatan untuk infeksi oportunistik. Pasien yang mendapat steroid atau imunosupresan lain atau pasien dengan adherens minum ARV kurang dari 95% dieksklusi. Pemeriksaan kadar hs-CRP dan SAT dilakukan sebelum dan saat puasa Ramadan (setelah 14 hari puasa). Hasil: Karakteristik baseline usia, hitung CD4, HIV-RNA, kombinasi ARV, status hepatitis B dan C, serta kadar hs-CRP tidak berbeda antara kelompok berpuasa dengan kontrol. Setelah dua minggu, terdapat penurunan signifikan hs-CRP pada kelompok yang berpuasa dibandingkan kontrol (p=0,004). Median perubahan hs-CRP pada kelompok puasa adalah -0,41 (IQR -1; 0,1) mg/L, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol adalah 0,2 (IQR -0,3; 1,5) mg/L. Konsumsi polyunsaturated fatty acid, berat badan, jumlah rokok, dan jumlah jam tidur per hari menurun selama puasa Ramadan (berturut-turut p=0,029; p<0,001; p<0,001; dan p<0,001). Tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna perubahan SAT antara kelompok yang berpuasa dengan kontrol (p=0,405). Median perubahan SAT pada kelompok puasa adalah 0,05 (IQR -0,03; 0,12) mmol/L, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol adalah 0,04 (IQR -0,13; 0,36) mmol/L. Simpulan: Puasa Ramadan menurunkan kadar hs-CRP pada ODHA yang mengosumsi antiretroviral. Puasa Ramadan belum meningkatkan kadar SAT pada ODHA yang mengonsumsi antiretroviral.

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Background: Inflamation and oxidative stress were increased among HIV patients. Studies had showed Ramadan fasting could improve inflammation and oxidative stress, but not one of them had been conducted in HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy.

Aim: to know the effect of Ramadan fasting on hs-CRP level and total antioxidant status among HIV patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Methods: A prospective cohort study comparing 29 HIV-infected patients on stable ART doing Ramadan fasting versus 29 non-fasting patients. Inclusion criteria were male, 20-40 years old, receiving first line ART for at least six months, and not on initial phase of opportunistic infection?s treatment. Patients who consumed steroid or other immunosuppressant or patients with poor ART adherence were excluded. Level of hs-CRP was obtained before and during Ramadan after at least 14 days fasting.

Results: Baseline age, CD4 cell count, HIV-RNA, ART combination, hepatitis B and hepatitis C status, and hs-CRP level were similar for both fasting and control groups. After 2 weeks, a significant hs-CRP decrease was found in fasting group compared to non-fasting one (p=0.004). Median difference of hs-CRP in fasting group was -0.41 (IQR -1 and 0.1) mg/L, while in control group the median difference was 0.2 (IQR -0.3 and 1.5) mg/L. Polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption, body weight, amount of cigarette smoking, and total sleep hours per day were decreased significantly during Ramadan fasting (p=0.029; p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001 respectively). There was no statistically significant changes in total antioxidant status between the two groups (p=0.405). Median total antioxidant status changes in fasting group was 0.05 (IQR -0.03;0.12) mmol/L. Median total antioxidant status changes in control group was 0.04 (IQR -0.13; 0.36) mmol/L.

Conclusion: Ramadan fasting decreased hs-CRP level among HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy. Ramadan fasting had not increased total antioxidant status among HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy."

"Background: autoimmune patients can be more susceptible to infection. Proper knowledge, perception, and practices towards COVID-19 are essential for these patients during pandemic. This study aimed to know their knowledge, perception, and practices regarding COVID-19. Methods: cross sectional study using online survey was conducted from April to May 2020. Patients with autoimmune disease were asked about demographic characteristics, diagnosis, history of treatment, knowledge, perception, and practice regarding COVID-19. Results: there were 685 respondents. Most of them were female and had systemic lupus erythematosus with median age of 37 years old. Almost all respondents had good knowledge regarding transmission of COVID-19 and did proper prevention practices. Adequacy of information and steroid or mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolic acid (MMF/MPA) use were related to perception of the effect of pandemic to their own health. Visiting private clinic and receiving hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine sulfate or sulfasalazine were related to perception that autoimmune conditions would make them more prone to COVID-19. Work from home was related to perception that when contracting COVID-19, the symptoms would be more severe. Living in Sumatra region and getting hydroxychloroquine/ chloroquine sulfate or MMF/MPA were related to perception that autoimmune medications could reduce risk of getting COVID-19. Adequate information, university education, private clinic visit, and hydroxychloroquine/ chloroquine sulfate use were related to perception that COVID-19 pandemic would cause difficulties in getting medications. Conclusion: almost all respondents had good knowledge and practices regarding COVID-19. Adequacy of information, autoimmune treatment, work from home, educational background, area of living, and health care facilities contributed to perception regarding COVID-19 pandemic."