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"These are norms generally characterized by a certain concept from the perspective of victims, as well as by the enumeration of a list of rights to which they are entitle to, rights upon which the international statute of victims is built. In reverse, these catalogues of rights are the states? obligations. Most of these rights are already existent in the international law of human rights. Consequently, they are not new but consolidated rights. Others are strictly linked to victims, concerning the following categories, victims of crime, victims of abuse of power, victims of gross violations of international human rights law, victims of serious violations of international humanitarian law, victims of enforced disappearance, victims of violations of international criminal law and victims of terrorism."

"ABSTRAK Pada abad 21, jumlah penampilan tokoh wanita yang kuat atau tangguh di film-film Hollywood mengalamikenaikan. Terdapat sejumlah jalan cerita di mana tokoh wanita berperan sebagai pahlawan atau sosok yang kuatatau tangguh menghadapi tokoh-tokoh lainnya di film-film Hollywood. Menganalisa ?The Girl with the DragonTattoo? dan ?Gone Girl? karya David Fincher, jurnal ini menyampaikan argumen bahwa representasi tokoh wanitadi kedua film tersebut hanya sampai pada titik tertentu. Memberikan sejumlah analisis mengenai hubungan antarakarakter pria dan wanita di kedua film tersebut, jurnal ini menunjukkan bahwa representasi tokoh wanita kuat atautangguh di ?The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo? dan ?Gone Girl? karya David Fincher sangat berkaitan denganterjadinya ketidakseimbangan kekuasaan atau power imbalance di dalam hubungan, dan hanya jatuh pada konsepbinary opposition, di mana tokoh wanita dilihat sebagai sosok yang kuat atau tangguh hanya di saat merekamengalami pembalikkan kekuasaan atau reversal of power di dalam hubungan.ABSTRACT In the 21st century, the number of appearances of strong female characters in Hollywood movies is increasing.There are a lot of circumstances in which female characters play as heroines or are powerful over other charactersin Hollywood movies. Examining David Fincher?s ?The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo? and ?Gone Girl?, this paperargues that the portrayal of strong female characters in the two films is only to a particular extent. By presenting anumber of analyses of how relationships go between male and female characters in the two films, the paper showsthat the representation of strong female characters in David Fincher?s ?The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo? and?Gone Girl? is strongly related with the occurrence of power imbalance in relationships yet only falls under theconcept of binary opposition, in which female characters are seen as strong or powerful only when they undergoreversal of power in relationships.;In the 21st century, the number of appearances of strong female characters in Hollywood movies is increasing.There are a lot of circumstances in which female characters play as heroines or are powerful over other charactersin Hollywood movies. Examining David Fincher?s ?The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo? and ?Gone Girl?, this paperargues that the portrayal of strong female characters in the two films is only to a particular extent. By presenting anumber of analyses of how relationships go between male and female characters in the two films, the paper showsthat the representation of strong female characters in David Fincher?s ?The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo? and?Gone Girl? is strongly related with the occurrence of power imbalance in relationships yet only falls under theconcept of binary opposition, in which female characters are seen as strong or powerful only when they undergoreversal of power in relationships.;In the 21st century, the number of appearances of strong female characters in Hollywood movies is increasing.There are a lot of circumstances in which female characters play as heroines or are powerful over other charactersin Hollywood movies. Examining David Fincher?s ?The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo? and ?Gone Girl?, this paperargues that the portrayal of strong female characters in the two films is only to a particular extent. By presenting anumber of analyses of how relationships go between male and female characters in the two films, the paper showsthat the representation of strong female characters in David Fincher?s ?The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo? and?Gone Girl? is strongly related with the occurrence of power imbalance in relationships yet only falls under theconcept of binary opposition, in which female characters are seen as strong or powerful only when they undergoreversal of power in relationships.;In the 21st century, the number of appearances of strong female characters in Hollywood movies is increasing.There are a lot of circumstances in which female characters play as heroines or are powerful over other charactersin Hollywood movies. Examining David Fincher?s ?The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo? and ?Gone Girl?, this paperargues that the portrayal of strong female characters in the two films is only to a particular extent. By presenting anumber of analyses of how relationships go between male and female characters in the two films, the paper showsthat the representation of strong female characters in David Fincher?s ?The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo? and?Gone Girl? is strongly related with the occurrence of power imbalance in relationships yet only falls under theconcept of binary opposition, in which female characters are seen as strong or powerful only when they undergoreversal of power in relationships."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai situasi pemenuhan hak korban pra dan pasca Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban (LPSK) terbentuk. Situasi pra adalah saat negara masih belum membuat kebijakan apapun perihal korban kejahatan. Situasi pasca adalah saat Indonesia membuat kebijakan perihal korban kejahatan dan membentuk LPSK sebagai pihak yang menjalankannya. Skripsi ini menggunakan proses kebijakan publik mendalaminya. Skripsi ini mencoba membandingkan situasi pra dan pasca keberadaan LPSK untuk melihat fungsi LPSK dalam menjadi perpanjangan tangan negara untuk membantu korban kejahatan. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara kepada aparat penegak hukum , dan penelusuran data-data sekunder lainnya sebagai teknik pengumpulan data.. Hingga pada akhirnya setelah mengetahui kondisi pemenuhan hak korban pasca LPSK terbentuk, dapat diambl langkah selanjutnya apabila keberadaan LPSK masih belum bisa maksimal dalam pemberian hak korban kejahatan.

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This thesis discusses about the situation of victim's rights fulfillment pre and post existence of the witness and victim protection agency (LPSK). Pre situation is when the state does not have any policies concerning victims of crime. The post is when Indonesia made a policy about vicim of crime and established LPSK to run it. This thesis tried to compare the situation before and after the existence of the insitution to look at the functions of the institution. The method used is qualitative interviewing to law enforcement, search and other secondary data as data collection techniques. At the end, after knowing the condition of the fulfillment of victims' rights after the institution is established, we can take next step if the existence of the institution is not maximal yet in the granting of rights of victims of crime."

"Both Australia and Indonesia have made commitments to combatting human trafficking.Through the experience of Mary Jane Veloso it can be seen that it is most often the vulnerable‘mule’ that is apprehended by law enforcement and not the powerful leaders of crime syndicates.It is unacceptable that those vulnerable individuals may face execution for acts committed underthreat of force, coercion, fraud, deception or abuse of power. For this reason it is vital that asystem of victim identification is developed, including better training for law enforcement, legalrepresentatives and members of the judiciary. This paper builds on submissions by authors forAustralian Parliamentary Inquiry into Human Trafficking, and focusses on issues arising inthe complex cross section of human trafficking, drug trafficking, and the death penalty withparticular attention on identifying victims and effective reporting mechanisms in both Australiaand Indonesia. It concludes that, in the context of human trafficking both countries could makethree main improvements to law and policy, among others, 1) enactment of laws that createclear mandatory protection for human trafficking victims; 2) enactment of criminal laws thatprovides complete defence for victim of human trafficking; 3) enactment of corporate reportingmechanisms.Australia dan Indonesia, keduanya telah membuat komitmen untuk memerangi perdaganganmanusia. Melalui pengalaman Mary Jane Veloso, dapat dilihat bahwa seringkali penyelundupyang tertangkap oleh aparat penegak hukum adalah kaum rentan, dan bukannya pemimpinsindikat kriminal yang berkuasa. Sulit untuk diterima bahwa orang-orang yang rentantersebutmungkin menghadapi eksekusi atas perbuatannya yang dilakukan di bawah ancaman,paksaan, penipuan, atau penyalahgunaan wewenang. Karena alasan itulah, penting agarsistem pengenalan korban dikembangkan, termasuk pelatihan lebih baik untuk aparat penegakhukum, pengacara, serta hakim dan jaksa. Tulisan ini disusun berdasarkan laporan para penuliskepada komisi penyelidikan Parlemen Australia terhadap isu perdagangan manusia, danberfokus pada permasalahan yang timbul dari irisan kompleks antara perdagangan manusia,perdagangan obat-obatan terlarang, dan hukuman mati, dengan perhatian khusus kepada isuidentifikasi korban dan mekanisme pelaporan yang efektif bagi Australia dan Indonesia. Tulisanini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam konteks pemberantasan perdagangan manusia, kedua negaradapat membuat tiga perbaikan dalam hukum dan kebijakannya, ketiga solusi tersebut adalah,1) penerapan hukum yang memberikan perlindungan wajib bagi korban perdagangan manusiayang jelas; 2) pembuatan hukum pidana yang yang memberikan perlindungan secara lengkapkepada korban; 3) pembuatan mekanisme pelaporan bagi perusahaan."

"Kejadian bullying pada siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri sebesar 42.8 sesuai dengan data Dinas Pendidikan Kota Sukabumi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh antara terapi Gestalt dan pendidikan kesehatan tentang bahaya bullying terhadap harga diri remaja korban bullying. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan Quasi-experimental pre post with kontrol group dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 40 orang. Analisis menggunakan Dependen T Test dan Independen T Test. Terapi gestalt diberikan pada kelompok pertama dan pendidikan kesehatan tentang bahaya bullying diberikan pada kelompok kedua. Harga diri remaja korban bullying yang mendapatkan terapi gestalt lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan harga diri remaja korban bullying yang mendapatkan pendidikan kesehatan tentang bahaya bullying. Terapi gestalt direkomendasikan diberikan pada remaja korban bullying.

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The incidence of bullying in junior high school students amounted to 42.8 according to data from the Department of Education Sukabumi. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the difference between Gestalt therapy and health education about the dangers of bullying against young victims of bullying dignity. This study design using Quasi experimental pre post with control group with the number of respondents as many as 40 people. Analysis using T Test Dependent and Independent T Test. Gestalt therapy is given to the first group and the health education about the dangers of bullying given to the second group. Esteem young victims of bullying are getting gestalt therapy is significantly higher than the price of adolescent victims of bullying who received health education about the dangers of bullying. Gestalt therapy is recommended given to young victims of bullying"

"This study analyses representations of female victims in post-Suharto media. In so doing, it underlines the import of the fall of the New Order regime and the concurrent opening up of the media world in Indonesia. The study is based on notably influential issues that emerged among media producers, feminist activists, social scientists, policy makers, and general audiences during the period of study (1998?2004). Based on observations made in women?s NGOs and other institutions concerned with women, interviews and informal conversations with individuals engaged in projects related to female mediation, and content analysis of a large number of mainstream and alternative media presentations, this study finds that the context of the reform (reformasi) in Indonesia constituted a major factor in influencing the changes that affected women and the media, and more importantly, on the burgeoning of the discourse of female victimization. This study also addresses the concepts of ideology, interpellation, identity, and agency to show how the media culture during the reform period, or rather the cultural producers during that time, constructed female victims? identities by sorting out and selecting the representations that represented the context and the history of the regime?s change."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pemberian kompensasi bagi korban tindak pidana di Indonesia, mengetahui pengaturan kompensasi dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, mengetahui implementasi pemenuhan hak atas kompensasi bagi korban tindak pidana berdasarkan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, dan mengetahui konsep ideal mengenai kebijakan kompensasi bagi korban tindak pidana. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dilengkapi pula dengan penelitian empiris. Data yang terkumpul disinkronisasi secara sistematis dan dikaji berdasarkan teori-teori hukum dan asas-asas hukum sehingga ditemukan kebenaran ilmiah yang menjadi dasar untuk menjawab persoalan hukum yang sedang diteliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1 Pengaturan mengenai kompensasi terdapat didalam UU No. 26 Tahun 2000 tentang Pengadilan HAM, UU No. 15 Tahun 2003 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Terorisme, dan UU No. 31 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan saksi dan korban yang membatasi jaminan haknya kepada korban pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang berat dan tindak pidana terorisme; 2 Implementasi pemenuhan hak atas kompensasi bagi korban pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang berat dan tindak pidana terorisme masih memiliki banyak permasalahan dilihat dari putusan pengadilan HAM Timor-Timur, Tanjung Priuk dan bom Mc. Donald Tahun 2005; 3 Konsep ideal ketentuan pemberian kompensasi meliputi: regulasi hukum pidana materil, hukum pidana formil dan hukum pelaksanaan pidana restitusi penguatan daya paksa restitusi . Memaksimalkan peran Satgas UPP LPSK sebagai lembaga independen dalam pemenuhan hak atas restitusi dan kompensasi. Solusi pemenuhan hak atas kompensasi dengan beberapa pendekatan yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi negara Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research are to find out how to provide compensation for the victims of criminal acts in Indonesia, to find out how the compensation arrangements are based on the laws and regulations in Indonesia, find out implement victims rsquo rights legislation and find out the ideal concept of giving compensation for the victims of criminal acts. This normative legal study was completed with the empirical research. The collected data were synchronized systematically and analyzed based on legal theories and principles of law in order to define scientific truth that became the basis in answering in legal problem in the research. The results show that 1 The regulation of compensation is contained in Law No. 26 of 2000 on Law on Court of Human Rights, law No. 15 of 2003 on eradication of the criminal acts of terrorism, and Law No. 31 of 2014 on witness victim protection who limit their rights to victims of gross violations of human rights and terrorism 2 The impementation in fulfiling the right of compensation for the victims of gross violations of human rights and terrorism still has many problems for example serious human right violation in Timor Timur and Tanjung Priuk, and the 2005 Mc. Donald bombing 3 The ideal concept of giving the compensation includes legal regulation on substantive crime criminal prosedure law and the regulation crime restitution implementation the enforcement of restitution power . Maximize the role of Satgas UPP LPSK as the independent institution in fulfiling the right of restitution and compensation. The solution in fulfiling compensation right with some approaches adjusted to the condition of Indonesia."

"Dua puluh tahun sejak transisi politik Indonesia pada tahun 1998, kasus-kasus pelanggaran HAM berat yang terjadi pada masa Orde Baru belum dapat diselesaikan. Indonesia menghadapi situasi impunitas, sementara agenda keadilan transisi semakin hilang dari diskursus publik. Disertasi ini meneliti dan menganalisa bagaimana pendekatan advokasi yang dilakukan oleh Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat LSM dan Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia Komnas HAM terhadap kebijakan Bantuan Medis dan Psikososial BMP Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban LPSK , tidak hanya memperbaiki prosedur dan pelaksanaan kebijakan BMP tetapi juga dapat mendorong kelanjutan agenda keadilan transisi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kualitas pemulihan dari kebijakan BMP ditentukan oleh koherensi internal dan eksternal dari kebijakan tersebut. Advokasi yang dilakukan oleh LSM dan Komnas HAM terhadap kebijakan BMP telah menyentuh hal-hal yang menjadi masalah di dalam koherensi kebijakan BMP. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pendekatan ilmu kesejahteraan sosial tidak hanya bersifat komplementer terhadap pendekatan hukum dalam memandang korban dan hak-hak korban, melainkan justru memberikan perspektif baru dalam memandang fungsi kelembagaan LPSK dan Komnas HAM sebagai Lembaga Pelayanan Manusia.

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Twenty year after Indonesia rsquo;s political transition in 1998, gross human rights violations that occurred during the New Order have not yet being settled. Indonesia is facing impunity, meanwhile the transitional justice agendas are disappearing from public discourse. This dissertation studies and analyses how the advocacy approach, which have been used by Non Governmental Organizations NGOs and the National Human Rights Commission of Indonesia Komnas HAM towards the Medical and Psychosocial Assistance rsquo;s policy BMP of the Victims and Witness Protection Agency LPSK , could not only improve the procedures and the implementation of BMP policy, but could also further drive the transitional justice agendas in Indonesia. This research found that the quality of reparation provided by BMP policy was determined by the internal and external coherence of the policy. Advocacy that were conducted by NGOs and Komnas HAM towards BMP policy have addressed the coherences of BMP policy. This research concludes that social welfare approach is not just a complementary to the legal approach in looking at the victims and the rights they are entitled. Instead, it gives new perspective in looking at the institutional role of LPSK and Komnas HAM as Human Service Organizations HSO ."