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"Berangkat dari “membaca sebagai aktivitas multimodal” (Knox, 2020), penelitian ini berupaya mengungkapkan bagaimana moda-moda bekerja sama dalam membangun makna untuk mengomunikasikan pesan atau informasi dalam sebuah bacaan tertentu. Penggunaan teks multimodal dalam pembelajaran bahasa asing semakin umum digunakan, terutama di ruang kelas kontemporer seperti pada buku teks. Peran elemen visual dalam buku teks meskipun dapat dikatakan tidak dapat menggantikan teks verbal, kehadirannya merupakan unsur tidak kalah penting dan selalu menjadi bagian dari bacaan itu sendiri. Untuk itu, penelitian ini berusaha mengungkap peranan elemen visual dan verbal dalam buku teks BIPA dengan menyelisik peranan kedua elemen tersebut di dalam buku teks. Penelitian ini menerapkan studi kualitatif di bawah payung Linguistik Sistemik Fungsional (LSF) untuk menganalisis elemen visual dan verbal yang terdapat dalam buku teks. Elemen visual dan verbal dianalisis berdasarkan tiga metafungsi, yaitu metafungsi ideasional, metafungsi interpersonal, dan metafungsi tekstual. Data visual dan verbal dalam penelitian ini diperoleh buku teks, yaitu Sahabatku Indonesia untuk Penutur Bahasa Thailand. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari segi metafungsi ideasional, elemen visual berperan sebagai pelengkap dan visualisasi elemen verbal. Namun, pada saat yang bersamaan, elemen visual cenderung mengabaikan elemen verbal karena kurang merepresentasikan apa yang diinformasikan di dalam teks. Dari segi metafungsi nterpersonal, elemen visual dan verbal berperan dalam membangun interaksi denganpembaca. Namun, interaksi yang dibangun didominasi oleh interaksi satu arah. Dari segi tekstual, elemen visual dan verbal berperan dalam memandu pembaca dalam menelusuri informasi dari teks bacaan. Akan tetapi, elemen visual lebih kentara dibandingkan dengan elemen verbal.

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Taking a trajectory from “reading as a multimodal activity” (Knox, 2020), this study tries to investigate how multiple modes work together in constructing meaning to communicate messages or information in a particular reading passage. The application of multimodal texts in language learning has become increasingly more common, especially in contemporary classrooms such as textbooks. Although it can be said that they cannot substitute for the verbal texts, visual elements often play critically important role in the textbooks and even being an integral part of reading passage.

Having understood that, this study attempts to analyse the role of visual and verbal elements in the Bahasa Indonesia for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) textbook by examining their role within the texts. The research is based on qualitative method and applies the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to analyse visual and verbal elements in the multimedia textbook Sahabatku Indonesia untuk Penutur Bahasa Thailand through three metafunctions: Ideational metafunction, Interpersonal metafunction, and Textual metafunction.

In terms of ideasional metafunction, the study finds that visual elements frequently complement and act as visual articulation of the verbal elements but at the same time tend to ignore them when the visual elements have not sufficiently provided information as intended by the verbal elements. On the interpersonal metafunction, the visual and verbal elements do build interactions though predominantly one-way. While both play a role in terms of textual metafunction, the visual elements are found in this study as having more salient in guiding the readers to discern information from the texts."

"[ABSTRAKGangguan pendengaran akibat stroke yang terjadi pada jalur auditorik merupakan aspek yang sedikit sekali dieksplorasi pada pasien pasca stroke dan berpotensi menimbulkan dampak pada fungsi dan kualitas hidup. Pendengaran memfasilitasi komunikasi verbal sehingga hal ini penting untuk memberikan penatalaksanaan yang sesuai dan maksimal. Untuk mengukur proporsi gangguan pendengaran dan gangguan komunikasi verbal pada pasien pasca stroke dapat dilakukan pemeriksaan audiometri nada murni, audiometri tutur, dan audiometri tutur dalam bising untuk mengkaji bagaimana gangguan pendengaran berkorelasi dengan karakteristik demografik dan karakteristik klinis serta faktor yang mempengaruhi. Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta pada bulan November 2014 sampai Mei 2015, melibatkan 40 subyek pasien pasca stroke otak (eksklusi afasia, gangguan fungsi luhur dan gangguan kognitif) yang terdiagnosis dari pencitraan tomografi komputer kepala. Sebanyak 40% mengalami gangguan pendengaran sensorineural (ringan 37,5% dan sedang 20%). Gangguan pendengaran sentral didapatkan 12,5 dan campuran (sensorineural dan sentral) sebanyak17,5%. Didapatkan gangguan komunikasi verbal dalam suasana tenang dan bising 12,% sedangkan gangguan dalam suasana bising sebanyak 32,5%. Berdasarkan nilai odds rasio didapatkan kecenderungan faktor risiko usia lebih dari 60 tahun, letak lesi kortikal dan atau subkortikal serta vaskularisasi lesi dapat mempengaruhi gangguan pendengaran dengan atau tanpa disertai gangguan komunikasi dan secara statistik bermakna.

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ABSTRACTHearing loss due to stroke which disturb the auditoric path is less known, and may potentially effect the function and quality of life. Hearing facilitates a good speech hence it is important to give appropriate and optimal treatment. To measure the proportion of hearing loss and speech disorder in post stoke patient, we did pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and word in noise and to analyze how it could correlate with demographic, clinical characteristic and other factors. This cross sectional study was conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital Jakarta which started from November 2014 to May 2015, involving 40 samples after stroke patient (with the exclusion of aphasia and cognitive disorder) which were diagnosed with brain CT scan. Fourty percents patients had sensoryneural hearing loss (mild 37,5% and moderate 20%,). Central Hearing loss was found in 12.5% patients and mixed (sensorineural and sentral) hearing loss was found in 17.5%. Speech disorder in quite and noise background was found in 12.5% patients and disorder in noise background was found in 32.5% patients. Based on the odds ratio it is found that age older than 60 year old, cortical and or subcortical lesion, and vascularization of the lesion is the risk factor that can influence hearing disorder with or without speech disorder and it is statistically significance.;Hearing loss due to stroke which disturb the auditoric path is less known, and may potentially effect the function and quality of life. Hearing facilitates a good speech hence it is important to give appropriate and optimal treatment. To measure the proportion of hearing loss and speech disorder in post stoke patient, we did pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and word in noise and to analyze how it could correlate with demographic, clinical characteristic and other factors. This cross sectional study was conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital Jakarta which started from November 2014 to May 2015, involving 40 samples after stroke patient (with the exclusion of aphasia and cognitive disorder) which were diagnosed with brain CT scan. Fourty percents patients had sensoryneural hearing loss (mild 37,5% and moderate 20%,). Central Hearing loss was found in 12.5% patients and mixed (sensorineural and sentral) hearing loss was found in 17.5%. Speech disorder in quite and noise background was found in 12.5% patients and disorder in noise background was found in 32.5% patients. Based on the odds ratio it is found that age older than 60 year old, cortical and or subcortical lesion, and vascularization of the lesion is the risk factor that can influence hearing disorder with or without speech disorder and it is statistically significance., Hearing loss due to stroke which disturb the auditoric path is less known, and may potentially effect the function and quality of life. Hearing facilitates a good speech hence it is important to give appropriate and optimal treatment. To measure the proportion of hearing loss and speech disorder in post stoke patient, we did pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and word in noise and to analyze how it could correlate with demographic, clinical characteristic and other factors. This cross sectional study was conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital Jakarta which started from November 2014 to May 2015, involving 40 samples after stroke patient (with the exclusion of aphasia and cognitive disorder) which were diagnosed with brain CT scan. Fourty percents patients had sensoryneural hearing loss (mild 37,5% and moderate 20%,). Central Hearing loss was found in 12.5% patients and mixed (sensorineural and sentral) hearing loss was found in 17.5%. Speech disorder in quite and noise background was found in 12.5% patients and disorder in noise background was found in 32.5% patients. Based on the odds ratio it is found that age older than 60 year old, cortical and or subcortical lesion, and vascularization of the lesion is the risk factor that can influence hearing disorder with or without speech disorder and it is statistically significance.]"

"Tesis ini merupakan analisa mengenai penggunaan kronogram di Indonesia, Vietnam, dan Kamboja abad 7-14 M. Penelitian ini meliputi perkembangan sistem penulisan kronogram verbal dan adanya sifat-sifat khas pada kronogram Indonesia. Selain itu dibahas pula analisa mengenai cara pembacaan terhadap relief yang diperkirakan sebagai kronogram visual. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa di Indonesia terdapat cara penafsiran kronogram verbal selain sebagai lambang angka tahun tertentu, yakni sebagai bagian dari kalimat dalam prasasti dengan makna tertentu. Ciri khas lain dari kronogram Indonesia adalah adanya kronogram berbentuk visual yang hingga saat ini tidak ditemukan pada wilayah lain di Asia Tenggara.

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This thesis is an analysis of the use of chronogram in Indonesia, Vietnam, and Cambodia at 7-14 AD. The research including development of verbal chronogram writing system and typical characterictic on chronogram in Indonesia. It also analyzing about how to read relief that was been predicted as visual chronogram. From this research revealed that there are some ways to interpret verbal chronogram beside as a symbol of certain number of years. Another characterictic from Indonesian chronogram is the presence of visual chronogram which wasn?t found in another country in Southeast Asia until now."

"Stroke merupakan suatu kondisi defisit neurologis yang diakibatkan oleh penurunan suplai oksigen ke dalam jaringan otak. Terdapat berbagai macam kecacatan yang ditimbulkan oleh stroke, salah satu diantaranya adalah dysarthria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh Nonspeech-Oralmotor Therapy: blowing pipe terhadap kemampuan komunikasi verbal pasien stroke dengan dysarthria. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen dengan case-control design dengan melibatkan 20 responden pada masing-masing kelompok (perlakuan dan kontrol) yang didapat dari RSU Kota Banjar, RSUD Ciamis dan RSU Kota tasikmalaya. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan tidak adanya pengaruh yang signifikan latihan Nonspeech-oralmotor therapy: blowing pipe terhadap kemampuan komunikasi verbal pasien stroke dengan dysarthria (p=0,832) namun dari hasil analisis perbedaan mean pada kedua kelompok didapatkan adanya peningkatan sebanyak 14 poin pada kelompok perlakuan, sementara kelompok kontrol terdapat peningkatan sebanyak 11,3 poin. Dengan demikian latihan ini dapat digunakan sebagai intervensi keperawatan dalam melatih pasien meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi verbal.

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Stroke is a condition of neurological deficits caused by decreased oxygen supply to the brain tissue. There are various kinds of disabilities caused by stroke, one of them is dysarthria. This study aims to look at the influence Nonspeech-Oralmotor therapy: blowing pipe towards verbal communication ability of stroke patients with dysarthria. The design of this research was a quasi experiment with casecontrol design involving 20 respondents in each group (treatment and control) which obtained from the Banjar, Ciamis and Tasikmalaya general hospital.

Bivariate analysis indicated no significant effect of exercise NonSpeech-oralmotor Therapy: blowing pipe on verbal communication abilitiy of stroke patients with dysarthria (p = 0.832) however the results of the analysis of differences in both groups, there was an increase of mean 14 points on the treatment group, while the control group there was an increase of 11.3 points. Thus, this exercise can be used as a nursing intervention in training patients to improve verbal communication ability."

"Implikatur percakapan merupakan konsep yang paling penting di dalam pragmatik (Levinson 1983:97). Konsep itu merujuk pada implikasi pragmatis tuturan akibat adanya pelanggaran prinsip percakapan, yaitu prinsip kerja sama dan prinsip kesantunan, di dalam suatu peristiwa percakapan dengan situasi tutur tertentu. Penelitian tentang implikatur belum banyak dilakukan, lebih-lebih di dalam wacana humor verbal lisan yang berfungsi sebagai penunjang pengungkapan humor. Pemahaman implikatur percakapan juga lebih sulk daripada pemahaman makna tersurat tuturan, lebih-lebih di dalam wacana jenis ini yang penuh dengan berbagai permainan kata."

"Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk memerikan pola struktur yang terbentuk oleh kata majemuk verbal yang disusun oleh verba manger secara rinci, menemukan dan memerikan pola struktur baru yang dibentuknya serta menemukan dan memerikan perubahan aktualisator nominal yang dapat terjadi dalam KMV tertentu.Penelitian dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan. Data diperoleh dari 3 buah kamus yaitu Dictionnaire des Expressions et Locutions, Le Bouquet des Expressions Imagees dan Larousse Dictionnaire de la Langue Francais : Lexis.Teori yang digunakan sebagai alat analisis adalah teori mengenai monem, sintem, pola struktur kata majemuk dan frase dari Martinet.Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa KMV-KMV yang disusun oleh verba manger membentuk pola struktur yang sangat bervariasi. Dari 48 data yang ada, terbentuk 16 pola struktur yang berbeda, 3 pola di antaranya merupakan pola struktur KMV yang sesuai dengan yang telah dikemukakan Martinet, dan 13 pola lainnya adalah pola struktur KMV yang baru. Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan adanya kemungkinan digantinya aktualisator nominal dalam KMV-KMV tertentu tanpa mengubah makna KMV tersebut."

"ABSTRAKBackground: Childhood is a crucial period for the formation of cognitive functions, because at this time the child gets basic knowledge to gain in life sociable. Congenital HIV infection is starting to become a global problem affecting 3.2 million children under 15 years. HIV and system development research, whereas children with HIV are at high risk of therapy antiretroviral (ART) has been proven to reduce the amount of virus and to prevent AIDS.The relationship between HIV-related immunodeficiency is determined by CD4 cell count and cognitive aspects ask for evaluation to further discuss pathophysiological diseases Objective: To determine the relationship between baseline CD4 level (HIV diagnosis status) and verbal function in children with HIV at the Children's Health Science Department, CIpto General Hospital Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Knowing confounding factors (confounders) of children with HIVaffect verbal function Method: This study uses a cross-sectional study method with subjects children aged 5- 18 years with congenital HIV. Patient background data is collected from Home medical recordsCipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. The most recent data is retrieved using the forn case record given to the subject's parents. Verbal CCID test is used to measure cognitive functionoral. Verbal CCID consists of a verbal fluency test and the Hopkins Verbal Test. Parametric test T The unpaired test is used to compare and associate relationships between HIV-related immune deficiencies are determined by baseline CD4 levels and verbal test resultsResults: Children with congenital HIV at the Ciptomangunkusumo General Hospital a big consideration by women (58.3%), with an average (SK) age of 10.07 (3.08). Most of the subjects were born spontaneously (81.9%) and consumed breast milk (84.7%). Most subjects (77.7%) Produced from low income families (