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"There has been increasing role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in developing countries since the 1980s. Interestingly, FDI is not only expected to bring direct effects, but also indirect effects or "spillovers" to a hosti economy. This paper aims to investigate FDI spillovers in the Indonesia's chemical industry, whether domestic firms benefit or not from foreign invesment. A stochastic production frontier approach is adopted to a firm level panel data for the periode of 1998-2000. There are three important findings. First, there is a clear hierarchy of technical efficiency of chemical firms based on their ownership status. Foreign owned firms have the highest level of technical efficiency, followed by joint ventures and domestic firms. Second, even though this paper confirms positive spillovers in the industry, the magnitude is relatively small. It shows that the Indonesian chemical industry has not yet been able to take full advantage of foreign presence. Third, a wider technology gap between domestic and foreign firms results in a higher spillovers. Findings of this paper imply that more FDI inflow into the Indonesia's chemical industry may benefit the industry. However, understanding the process of how the foreign presence affects domestic firms is important to take full advantage of the foreign presence."

"Model Stokastik Taksonomi User Equilibrium (STUE) adalah salah satu alternatif model pemilihan rule yang diharapkan dapat menjawab tantangan dunia teknik transportasi dalam mencari model rute optimal yang ampuh dan efisien, terutama metoda yang berprospek bagi implementasi komputer berkinerja tinggi yang dapat menjadi solusi bagi pencarian rute optimal dalam jaringan transportasi yang berskala besar dan bersifat kompleks. Model STUE adalah model pemilihan rute yang mempertimbangkan efek Stokastik dan batasan kapasitas. Efek Stokastik berarti mempertimbangkan faktor persepsi pengguna jalan terhadap waktu tempuh sekumpulan rute optimal. Batasan kapasitas berarti ada hubungan antara waktu tempuh dengan arus lalu lintas. Fungsi multinomial logit path dan konsep reliability digunakan dalam mengembangkan model STUE ini. Konsistensi penggunaan analisis secara multi path dalam peneyelesaiaan model stokastik menjadikan model STUE lebih fleksibel, efisien dan efektif dalam penyelesaian masalah optimasi jaringan dengan bantuan pengembangan program komputer. Dalam penelitian ini diuraikan mengenai teori-teori yang mendasari pengembangan model, algoritma model, algoritma program komputer serta aplikasinyapada jaringan. Pengembangan program komputer yang menggunakan bahasa visual basic dibuat untuk keperluan akademis maupun praktis. Untuk aplikasi model digunakan jaringan Kota Bogor. Hasil model ditampilkan, baik untuk keperluan akademis seperti: nilai konvergensi, fungsi tujuan, maupun untuk tujuan praktis seperti, arus lalu lintas pada ruas jalan.

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Stochastic Taxonomy of User Equilibrium (STUE) is one of the alternative model route choice of expected can answer transportation technique world challenge in searching optimasi route model which is effective and efficient, especially method which is have prospect to computer implementation have high performance to able to become solution to searching of optimal route in big scale transportation network and complex. Model STUE is considering effect of stochastic and capacity restraint. Effect of stochastic mean to consider factor perception of user to travel time a set of optimal route. Capacity restrain mean there is relation between travel time with traffic/low. Function of Multinomial path logit and concept of reliability used in developing model of STUE. Consistency usage of analysis by multi path in saving of model of stochastic make model of STUE more flexible, effective and efficient in solving of the problem of network optimasi constructively development of computer program. In this research will be elaborated theorys to base on development of model, model algorithm, computer program algorithm and also its application at network . Development of computer program using visual basic language, made for practical and also academic. For application model to used town network of Bogor. The results model presented, to academic need result value ofconvergen, objective function , and also to be practical like, link traffic flow."

"ABSTRACTAlthough its issue could be addressed from of various perspectives over the years, poverty is the object of the government policy programs to be alleviated since the Indonesian independence. With the advancement of technology and science in the recent decades, the availability and the completeness of poverty data in Indonesia getting better. In fact, the policy makers can assess the effectivity of their public oriented programs easier by effectively utilizing the complete and up to date poverty data. However, in various approaches to poverty measurement, the Indonesian poverty data should be accompanied by another approach. This paper aims to evaluate the change of welfare of particular region over a period of several years by using the stochastic dominance method. This method also incorporates the price level impact into its poverty assessment through the extrapolated CPIs. To conduct the measurement, the National Socioeconomic Survey of Tabalong regency data, as well as the Tanjung city inflation in the period from 2013 to 2017, are employed. The results indicate that the welfare in 2017 is better than in 2013 since the distribution in 2017 stochastically dominates the distribution in 2013 at the first and second order at any possible level of poverty lines. Therefore, this result could also be the additional input for the poverty alleviation evaluation in order to provide a solid conclusion about the welfare changes."

"The economic crises attacking Asian regions in the mid of 1997 have brought depressing impacts to Indonesia'a economy. Indonesia experiences a declining share of investment it is even the lowest amongst neighboring countries. Indonesia also ranks the first position in the issue of inefficiency which further discourages investors to invest in indonesia. The study focuses on the issue of efficiency in the manufacturing industry whose shore in the economy tends to increase during 1983-2005 to a higher percentage than in the agriculture and services sectors. The objectives of the study are two-folds, first is to measure the score of efficiency in the manufacturing industry in order to identify which in industries are classified as efficient, moderately efficient, or less efficient. Secondly is to identify whether there is on association between input factor or output degree of protection and the score of inefficiency of a 5-digit'-ISIC industry. The method employs in the study is the stochastic production frontier where efficiency is an explicit function of specifically determining factors. The study finds that wood preservative industry has the highest efficiency score, while garment and textile industry has the lowest. The study also discovers there are more industries with less and moderately efficient classification. Sources of inefficiency are from the high output tariffs, which have potential contributions to high price and less competitive products in the market. The study recommends that manufacturing industries with low scores of efficiency should improve their productivities through lower cost of production. The government has to snake effort to reduce tariff for finished goods. Taxes on luxurious goods and duty charges for export oriented industries should be eliminated as on alternative to increase efficiency in the manufacturing industry. Comparative advantages, particularly for linkage industries, should be improved."

"Using the non-parametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the parametric method of Stochastic Frontier Approach (SPA), this study investigates the efficiency of the Islamic Banking recent operations in Indonesia over the period 2005 to 2007. In specifying input-output variables of Islamic banks, the intermediation approach is selected as it is in line with the principle of Islamic financial system. The attributions of technical efficiency (utilization of capacity) and scale efficiency (optimality of scale achieved) are identified. The principal findings for the period under study indicated that technical and scale efficiency scores are improving but 100 percent optimal during research period. According to SFA approach, closer to 100 percent means a bank acts efficiently. Overall, the result shows that Islamic banks suffer slight inefficiencies during the period 2005-2007, and tend to be increasing. The study has several important policy implications to offer, one of which is that it could be taken as a guideline for the Indonesian government to chart a policy on banking deregulation and mergers. Moreover, the study provides some information and identifies the source of inefficiency, vyhich could, in turn, be used to assist banks? managements to overcome the problems of inefficiency."

"The economic crises attacking Asian regions in the mid of 1997 have brought depressing impacts to Indonesia?s economy. Indonesia experiences a declining share of investment? it is even the lowest amongst neighboring countries. Indonesia also ranks the first position in the issue of inefficiency which further discourages investors to invest in Indonesia. The study focuses on the issue of efficiency in the manufacturing industry whose share in the economy tends to increase during I988-2OO5 in a higher percentage than in the agriculture and services sectors. The objectives of the study are two-folds, first is to measure the score of efficiency in the manufacturing industry in order to identify which in industries are classified as efficient, moderately efficient, or less efficient. Secondly is to identify whether there is an association between input factor or output degree of protection and the score of in efficiency of a 5-digit-JSIC industry. The method employs in the study is the stochastic production frontier where efficiency is an explicit function of specifically determining factors. The study finds that wood preservative industry has the highest efficiency score, while garment and textile industry has the lowest. The study also discovers there are more industries with less and moderately efficient classification. Sources of inefficiency are from the high output tariffs, which have potential contributions to high price and less competitive products in the market. The study recommends that manufacturing industries with low scores of efficiency should improve their productivities through lower cost of production. The government has to make effort to reduce tariff for finished goods. Taxes on luxurious goods and duty charges for export oriented industries should be eliminated as an alternative to increase efficiency in the manufacturing industry. Comparative advantages, particularly for linkage industries, should be improved."

"Dalam studi ini, efisiensi teknis dari industri garmen di DKI Jakarta diperkirakan dengan mengakomodasi terjadinyaefek ketidakefisienan teknis dalam suatu model stochastic frontier fungsi produksi. Tujuannya adalah untukmemperkirakan efisiensi teknis dari perusahaan sekaligus menjelaskan sumber-sumber penyebab ketidakefisienandalam konteks kebijakan ekonomi makro di Indonesia. Hasil empiris menampilkan beberapa gambaran yang menarikdari kinerja ekonomi perusahaan garmen dalam kaitan dengan karakteristik spesifik yang diperkirakanmempengaruhinya. Dalam penelitian ini terbukti fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglas tidak representatif dalam menjelaskankasus efisiensi teknis di DKI Jakarta, tetapi sumber-sumber ketidakefisienan dan adanya perubahan teknis dapatdibuktikan.In this paper, the technical efficiency of garment firms in DKI Jakarta is estimated by incorporating a model for thetechnical inefficiency effects in the stochastic frontier production function. The aims are to estimate both the technicalefficiency of the firms and the sources of technical inefficiency within the context of Indonesia?s macro-economicpolicy. The empirical results point a number of noteworthy features of the economic performance of firms in relationwith some specific characteristics. It is found in the study that the Cobb douglas functional form was not adequate, butthe sources of technical inefficiency were found and technical change was present."

"In this research, an optimization and improvement of gas spring design is discussed. The gas spring is used as a suspension component of an energy storing prosthetic knee. The gas spring replaces the quadricep muscles of transfemoral amputee. A deterministic and a stochastic optimization is proposed in this research. Both models are used to determine the optimal design variables of the gas spring: cylinder diameter, cylinder length, extension stroke, and compression stroke. The optimal design variables resulted from the deterministic optimization model must be further analyzed to determine the effect of its variation to the objective function. Monte Carlo simulation is used to determine the effect of such variation and making improvement when necessary. Process capability index (Cp) is used as a criteria to make such improvement considering the contribution to variation of design variables to the objective function. Stochastic optimization is proposed to find the optimal design variables by taking into consideration the randomness of its parameters. The objective function of the stochastic optimization is to maximize the capability process. Both Monte Carlo simulation and stochastic optimization was solved using Oracle Crystal Ball Software. From the simulation, the reduction of compression stroke and extension stroke standard deviations resulted in 30% improvement of energy storage standard deviation. The Cp is also improved about 70% from 0.99 to 1.44. The stochastic optimization resulted in extension stroke and compression stroke which are shorter than deterministic optimization with 1.25 process capabilty."

"[ABSTRAKSkripsi ini merupakan penelitian pertama yang dilakukan untuk menganalisa dampak kepemilikan terhadap efisiensi teknis industri semen Indonesia. Dengan mengambil sample data tahun 2003-2011, penelitian ini ingin melihat dampak dari kepemilikan terhadap efisiensi teknis industry semen di Indonesia. Untuk mengukur tingkat efisiensi teknis industri, penelitian ini menggunakan metode Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). Sedangkan untuk mengetahui dampak kepemilikan, penelitian ini menggunakan variabel dummy kepemilikan yang kemudian diregresi terhadap nilai efisiensi teknis industri dengan menggunakan metode Generalized Least Square (GLS). Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kepemilikan asing berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap efisiensi teknis pada industri semen Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis is the first study to analyze the effect of ownership on the technical efficiency of the Indonesian cement industry by using data set on plant level from 2003 to 2011. Stochastic Frontier Analysis model is used to estimate the technical efficiency level of the industry. Furthermore, the ownership variable is regressed with the technical efficiency through Generalized Least Square Method. The study conclude that that foreign ownership has a positive and significant effect on technical efficiency score of the Indonesian cement industry., This thesis is the first study to analyze the effect of ownership on the technical efficiency of the Indonesian cement industry by using data set on plant level from 2003 to 2011. Stochastic Frontier Analysis model is used to estimate the technical efficiency level of the industry. Furthermore, the ownership variable is regressed with the technical efficiency through Generalized Least Square Method. The study conclude that that foreign ownership has a positive and significant effect on technical efficiency score of the Indonesian cement industry.]"