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"Penelitian ini membahas kritik sosial dalam novel Orang Cacat Dilarang Sekolah (OCDS) karya Wiwid Prasetyo. Novel itu menceritakan perjuangan tiga bersaudara penyandang disabilitas yaitu Cikal, Tunas, dan Ikrar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra Ian Watt. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kritik sosial berkenaan dengan keadaan penyandang disabilitas serta ditujukan kepada masyarakat dan pemerintah. Kepada masyarakat, kritik itu menyampaikan bahwa terdapat perlakuan buruk masyarakat dan penolakan keluarga terhadap penyandang disabilitas. Kritik sosial kepada masyarakat juga dilakukan dengan pendobrakan realitas, bahwa penyandang disabilitas mampu bersaing dengan nondisabilitas. Namun, hal itu dapat dicapai dengan dukungan keluarga dan pemerolehan pendidikan bagi penyandang disabilitas. Sementara itu, kepada pemerintah, kritik itu menunjuk kurangnya kesempatan bagi penyandang disabilitas untuk bekerja layak dan kurangnya upaya pemenuhan hak-hak penyandang disabilitas.

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This study discusses social criticism in the novel Orang Cacat Dilarang Sekolah (OCDS) by Wiwid Prasetyo. The novel tells the struggle of three siblings with disabilities named Cikal, Tunas, and Ikrar. This research uses Ian Watt's literary sociology approach. The method used in this research is qualitative research method. The result of this study shows that social criticism is related to the situation of people with disabilities and addressed to the society and government. To the society, the criticism states that there is mistreatment and family rejection toward people with disabilities. The social criticism is also done by breaking the reality; that people with disabilities are able to compete with people without disabilities. However, this can only be achieved with the family support and the acquisition of education for people with disabilities. Meanwhile, to the government, the criticism points out the lack of opportunities for people with isabilities to work properly and the lack of efforts to fulfill the rights of people with disabilities."

"Konflik sosial kerap kali terjadi dalam kehidupan masyarakat, terutama masyarakat Sakai yang hidup berdampingan dengan perusahaan besar. Konflik sosial itu dipicu salah satunya oleh pencemaran lingkungan yang berdampak buruk pada masyarakat tersebut. Hal ini tercermin dalam novel Tangisan Batang Pudu karya Musa Ismail. Oleh karena itu, novel tersebut sangat menarik untuk dikaji karena merupakan gejala umum yang banyak ditemukan di berbagai belahan dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bentuk konflik sosial antara perusahaan dan masyarakat Sakai akibat pencemaran lingkungan dan pencemaran lingkungan akibat kapitalisme perusahaan yang menjadi faktor pemicu terjadinya konflik tersebut di masyarakat dalam novel Tangisan Batang Pudu karya Musa Ismail. Penelitian kesusasteraan ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik studi pustaka melalui pendekatan sosiologi sastra. Hasil penelitian ini adalah adanya konflik sosial laten dan konflik sosial terbuka serta pencemaran lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh kapitalisme perusahaan sehingga mengakibatkan adanya kelangkaan ikan dan hampir hilangnya sumber daya alam yang penting bagi masyarakat Sakai. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa konflik sosial dapat terjadi apabila perusahaan yang beroperasi di suatu tempat tidak memperhatikan kondisi masyarakat dan budayanya.

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Social conflicts often occur in people's lives, especially among the Sakai people who live alongside large companies. One triggering factor for social conflict is environmental pollution, which negatively impacts the community. This is reflected in the novel Tangisan Batang Pudu by Musa Ismail. Therefore, the novel is highly interesting to study as it represents a common phenomenon found in many parts of the world. This study aims to explain the forms of social conflict between companies and Sakai people resulting from environmental pollution and corporate capitalism, which serve as trigger factors for conflicts in society within the novel Tangisan Batang Pudu by Musa Ismail. This literary research employs a qualitative descriptive method, utilizing literature study techniques through a sociological approach. The research findings reveal latent and open social conflicts, as well as environmental pollution caused by corporate capitalism, leading to a scarcity of fish and the near depletion of crucial natural resources that are vital to the Sakai people. Based on this research, it can be concluded that social conflicts can arise when large companies fail to consider the societal conditions and cultural values."

"Novel Kereta Semar Lembu menampilkan cerminan realitas berupa peristiwa sejarah yang terjadi di Pulau Jawa pada era kolonialisme Belanda hingga Orde Baru. Realitas ini digambarkan melalui sudut pandang tokoh imajiner, yaitu Semar Lembu, yang diposisikan sebagai penyintas dari sejumlah peristiwa sejarah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bagaimana peristiwa sejarah digambarkan dalam novel Kereta Semar Lembu, serta persoalan yang hendak disuarakan dengan menampilkan realitas ini melalui sudut pandang tokoh Semar Lembu sebagai penyintas. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian, dilakukan telaah terhadap novel Kereta Semar Lembu menggunakan pendekatan struktural, sosiologi karya sastra, serta metode deskriptif interpretatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa novel Kereta Semar Lembu menyoroti lima peristiwa besar yang terjadi pada masa kolonialisme Belanda hingga Orde Baru, yaitu tanam paksa, kerja paksa, revolusi kemerdekaan, pergerakan PKI dan tragedi 1965, serta pelanggaran HAM pada masa Orde Baru, khususnya penembakan misterius. Dengan menggambarkan kelima peristiwa ini melalui sudut pandang Semar Lembu sebagai penyintas, novel ini hendak menyuarakan problem dehumanisasi yang terjadi secara berkelanjutan, sekaligus memberikan kritik terhadap pihak-pihak tertentu dalam peristiwa sejarah.

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The Kereta Semar Lembu novel reflects reality in the form of historical events that occurred on Java Island during the Dutch colonialism to the New Order period. This reality is described through the lens of an imaginary character, Semar Lembu, who plays the role of a survivor of several historical events. This study seeks to identify how history is portrayed in Kereta Semar Lembu, as well as the issues that are intended to be voiced by presenting this reality through the lens of Semar Lembu. This study uses structural and sociology of literature approaches and descriptive-interpretive methods. The results of this study show that Kereta Semar Lembu displays five major events that occurred during the Dutch colonialism to the New Order period, namely forced planting (tanam paksa), forced labor (romusa), the revolution of independence, the PKI movement and the 1965 tragedy, and human rights violations during the New Order era, especially mysterious shootings. By depicting these five events through the lens of Semar Lembu, this novel intends to voice the dehumanization issue that occurs continuously while simultaneously providing criticism of certain parties at historical events."

"ABSTRACT9 Summers 10 Autumns (2011) is an autobiographical novel about a young man from a small city of Batu who later succeeds in pursuing his dream by working in the United States. The novel was written based on lwan Setyawan's life story and it was made into a movie by the same title in 2013. Two years later, the movie was adapted into an augmented motion picture hinted illustrative book which combines novel, comic, app, and movie together. This phenomenon of re-transformation of a literary work is said to be the first of its kind in Indonesia and has somewhat contributed to the rising trend of movies adapted into books or comics in Indonesia, such as Assalamualaikum Beijing (2015) and Ada Apa dengan Cinta? (What's Up with Love?) (2016). This study examines lwan Setyawans strategy for achieving legitimacy in the arena of Indonesian literature through his motivational rags-to-riches ideals which are depicted in the book. The discussion is carried out by applying Pierre Bourdieus field of cultural production theory, as well as the sociology of literature approach, in order to highlight the phenomenon of transformation from novel into movie and eventually into an augmented motion picture hinted illustrative book. Later, this study discovered that the phenomenon has changed the image of Indonesian art and literary world. lt proves that such prestigious legitimacy can now be achieved through commercial strategies, making it seem dynamic, but at the same time questionable in its most authentic sense."

"Novel Gadis Pantai mempunyai latar belakang cerita mengenai perbedaan kedudukan antara pribumi dan priyayi. Kehidupan sosial masyarakat dalam novel Gadis Pantai sangat kental dengan pengaruh budaya Jawa. Aspek sosial dan budaya Jawa merupakan unsur ekstrinsik yang dibahas dalam perspektif sosiologi sastra. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif melalui kajian pustaka. Kajian dilakukan dengan menganalisis aspek sosial dan budaya Jawa yang tercermin dalam novel Gadis Pantai yang merupakan unsur ekstrinsik dari novel Gadis Pantai. Makalah ini menjelaskan kontras atau perbedaan-perbedaan kehidupan priyayi dan rakyat pesisir Jawa dilihat dari aspek sosial dan budaya. Penulis berkesimpulan bahwa terdapat kontras yang sangat tajam antara kehidupan priyayi dan rakyat pesisir Jawa serta keberpihakan Pramoedya Ananta Toer sebagai pengarang pada rakyat pesisir Jawa. Hal tersebut terlihat dengan jelas dalam pelukisan Gadis Pantai sebagai rakyat kecil dan perilaku kesewenang-wenangan yang ditunjukkan oleh kaum priyayi dalam novel Gadis Pantai.

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Gadis Pantai novel has background story about the difference level between the native and the aristocracy. The social life of people in Gadis Pantai novel is heavily influenced by Javanese cultural. Social and Javanese cultural aspects are extrinsic elements discussed from sociology literature perspective. The method that used in this study is qualitative method through literary view. This analysis is conducted by analyzing social and Javanese cultural aspects reftected in Gadis Pantai novel which part of extrisic elements in Gadis Pantai novel. This paper explains contrast or differences between aristocracy‟s life and people in Java coastal from the view of social and cultural aspects. The author of this paper concludes that there is a very noticeable contrast between the lives of aristocracy and people in the Java coastal and Pramoedya Ananta Toer‟s bias towards people in the Java coastal. That is proved clearly through Gadis Pantai as poor people and arbitrariness shown by the aristocracy."

"Fenomena gim dalam kelompok sosial anak merupakan sesuatu yang tidak dapat dihindari. Salah satu cerita pendek (cerpen) Korea Selatan yang mengangkat fenomena tersebut sebagai latar sosialnya adalah “Dangsin Eommaga Dangsinboda Jalhaneun Geim” karya Park Seo-ryeon. Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana cerpen tersebut menggambarkan fenomena gim dalam kelompok sosial anak. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra dan analisis fokalisasi, penelitian kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana suatu karya sastra dapat memanfaatkan perangkat sastra dalam mengangkat fenomena sosial yang unik sesuai perkembangan zaman. Cerpen ini memperlihatkan bagaimana gim menjadi lebih dekat dengan kehidupan tokoh protagonis sebagai ibu dari seorang anak di era maraknya perkembangan gim. Gim digambarkan memiliki dampak-dampak tertentu dalam kelompok sosial anak, seperti tekanan sosial untuk mahir bermain gim, kursus gim, dan baik atau buruknya hubungan anak dengan orang tua. Penggunaan kata ganti orang kedua yang merujuk pada tokoh ibu dan pemilihan tokoh ibu sebagai fokalisator sepanjang cerita merupakan strategi penulis cerpen dalam membentuk keterlibatan emosional yang kuat antara pembaca dan tokoh ibu. Dengan begitu, pembaca seperti mendapatkan pengalaman mengenal dunia 'nyata' di luar teks berupa isu-isu yang berkaitan dengan fenomena gim dalam kelompok sosial anak melalui kegiatan membaca cerpen ini.

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Game phenomenon may appear in children's social groups. A South Korean short story that uses this phenomenon as a social setting is "Dangsin Eommaga Dangsinboda Jalhaneun Geim" by Park Seo-ryeon. This qualitative research discusses how the story describes the game phenomenon in children's social groups. This paper uses the sociology of literature approach and focalization analysis. It also aims to explore how a literary work utilizes literary devices in presenting unique social phenomena. This short story shows how gaming becomes closer to the protagonist's life as a mother in an era of rampant game development. It describes games' impacts on children's social groups, such as social pressure to be good at playing games, gaming course, and relationships with parents. Furthermore, it uses the second-person pronoun when referring to the mother character and appoints her as the focalizer throughout the story. The story writer utilizes those strategies to form emotional engagement between the reader and the mother character. In this way, it is as if the reader has the experience of getting to know the 'real' world outside of the text about the game phenomenon in children's social groups through reading activity."

"Karya ini mengkaji perilaku perbudakan di Rusia di abad XIX dalam novel Bednye Ljudi (1846) karya Fyodor Dostoevsky. Karya sastra digunakan sebagai media kritik. Novel ini menceritakan fenomena perbudakan pada bobroknya pemerintahan Rusia abad XIX. Penulis berhipotesis bahwa novel ini merupakan media Dostoevsky untuk mengkritik perbudakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan bagaimana novel Bednye Ljudi (1846) karya Fyodor Dostoevsky berfungsi sebagai kritik sosial yang dibuktikan dengan mendeskripsikan cerita dan menganalisisnya berdasarkan representasi tokoh dan penokohan, kritik sosial, dan sosiologi sastra. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa Dostoevsky memberikan kritiknya terhadap perilaku perbudakan di abad XIX yang direpresentasikan melalui perilaku tokoh tuan tanah yang kejam terhadap tokoh budak.

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This work examines the behavior of serfdom in Russia in the XIX century in the novel Bednye Ljudi (1846) by Fyodor Dostoevsky. Literary works are used as a medium of criticism. This novel tells of the phenomenon of serfdom in the dilapidated state of Russia in the XIX century. The author hypothesizes that this novel is Dostoevsky's medium to criticize slavery. The purpose of this study is to explain how the novel Bednye Ljudi (1846) by Fyodor Dostoevsky functions as a social critic as evidenced by describing the story and analyzing based on the representation of the characterization of the characters (characters and characterizations), analysis of social phenomena (social criticism), and its historical connection (sociology of literature). The results prove that Dostoevsky gave his critique of the behavior of serfdom in the XIX century which is represented in the behavior of the landlord character who is cruel to the serfs character.

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