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"ABSTRAKKulit bangunan adalah permukaan transisi yang membatasi sekaligus menghubungkan antara ruang dalam dan ruang luar. Teknologi kulit bangunan hijau hadir untuk merespon penurunan kualitas lingkungan dan efisiensi energi akibat kehadiran bangunan baru. Kulit bangunan hijau menjadi media tempat terjadinya proses metabolisme bangunan, yaitu proses pertukaran unsur-unsur antara ruang dalam dan ruang luar bangunan. Studi kasus difokuskan pada kulit bangunan hijau Perpustakaan Universitas Indonesia. Keberadaan kulit bangunan hijau membawa dampak pada dua sisi, yaitu dampak kulit bangunan hijau terhadap ruang dalam antara lain kenyamanan termal dan dampak terhadap lingkungan sekitar bangunan. Pada kulit bangunan hijau dapat terjadi proses metabolisme bangunan yang memadai secara alami antara lain berupa bio-filter terhadap polutan, memperbaiki kualitas udara, mengurangi kebisingan, meningkatkan biodiversity, memperbaiki daur air, mengatur heat transfer ke ruang dalam dan mengurangi radiasi panas ke lingkungan sekitar.

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ABSTRAKThe building skin is a transitional surface which borders and connects the inner space with the outer space. Green skin technology exists in order to respond to the decrease in environmental quality and energy efficiency which is caused by new buildings that keep arising. Green skin becomes a medium where building metabolism, which is an exchange process of the inner space and the outer space components, takes place. This case study is focused on Universitas Indonesia Library?s green skin. The existence of green skin has some impacts for both sides of the building. On the inner space, the green building shell creates thermal comfort whilst on the outer space, it affects the environment around the building. On every green skin, a building metabolism process could occur naturally; for example, bio-filter towards pollutant, air quality improvement, noise reduction, increase in biodiversity, storm water management improvement, control over heat transfer into the building and reduction of heat radiation towards the surroundings."

"ABSTRAKSkin to skin contact merupakan salah satu bagian yang penting selama prosespelaksanaan manajemen kala III. Hormon oksitosin maternal yang diproduksiselama proses skin to skin contact mempercepat pengeluaran plasenta,meningkatkan kontraksi uterus, memberikan rasa nyaman, dan mencegahperdarahan setelah persalinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaranlamanya skin to skin contact dan waktu pengeluaran plasenta pada ibu partuspervaginam. Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif sederhana dengan jumlahsampel sebanyak 102 responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembarobservasi dan kuesioner karakteristik responden. Analisa data menggunakan ujicross tabs. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, skin to skin contact yang dilakukanselama kurang dari 30 menit, 66.7% waktu pengeluaran plasenta yang terjadi adalah5 menit. Hasil penelitian ini, turut dipengaruhi oleh pemberian oksitosin injeksi.Sehingga penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan untuk meneliti lamanya skin to skincontact pada ibu partus pervaginam yang tidak diberikan oksitosin injeksi.

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ABSTRACTSkin to skin contact is one important part during the implementation process of themanagement of the third stage. Maternal oxytocin hormone which is producedduring the process of skin to skin contact can accelerate the expulsion of theplacenta, increasing the strength of uterine contractions, giving a sense of comfort,and prevent bleeding after childbirth. This study aimed to describe the length ofskin to skin contact and the time of removal of placenta in vaginal birtth. The studydesign used in this study is a simple descriptive with a total sample of 102respondents. Collected data use observation sheets and questionnairescharacteristics of respondents. Analysis of data used cross-tabulations. The resultsshowed that the length of skin to skin contact for less than 30 minutes, 66.7% of thetime removal of placenta was 5 minutes. Time expulsion of the placenta were moredominated by oxytocin injection. So for the further research expected to examinethe duration of skin to skin contact on the vaginal partum was not given oxytocininjections, to determined the effectiveness of maternal oxytocin in time of removalplacenta."

"The How, What and Why Reference of Active IngredientsActive ingredient research advances quickly and you can't afford to miss the next active principle that could make that new product a blockbuster. This compilation of articles from Cosmetics & Toiletries magazine provides a look at the cutting-edge of active ingredient and testing methodology research.Biologically Active Ingredients explains what is known about specific active ingredients used by formulating chemists from the manufacturing industry and even explains how a certain type of mechanism or the efficacy of an active ingredient is measured. This compilation is a must-have for chemists in the development labs of both the manufacturing industry and the supplier industry!"

"ABSTRAKMasalah kulit merupakan masalah umum yang terjadi pada lansia. Hal ini terjadi sebagai akibat dari penurunan fungsi sistem integumen, penurunan kemampuan membersihkan diri, serta pengaruh lingkungan. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah menganalisis hasil intervensi skin care untuk mengatasi masalah kerusakan integritas kulit pada lansia. Implementasi dilakukan selama lima minggu di PSTW Budi Mulia 1 Cipayung, Jakarta Timur. Hasil akhir menunjukkan adanya peningkatan integritas kulit yang ditandai dengan meningkatknya kelembaban kulit serta berkurangnya lesi, pus, eritema, dan edema. PSTW diharapkan dapat memfasilitasi penyediaan produk perawatan kulit yang aman dan dianjurkan bagi kulit lansia. Selain itu, perawat diharapkan dapat melakukan perawatan kulit pada lansia minimal satu kali sehari.

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ABSTRACTSkin disorders are common problems in elderly. This happens as a result of a decrease in integument system function, personal hygiene capabilities, andinfluence of environmental factors. This paper aimed to analyze the result of skin care intervention for overcoming impaired skin integrity in elderly. Implementation was done for five weeks in PSTW Budi Mulia 1 Cipayung, East Jakarta. The final result showed an escalation in skin integrity which was characterized by the increase in skin humidity and decrease in skin lesions, pus, erythema, and oedema. PSTW is expected to facilitate the provision of skin care products that are safe and recommended for elderly skin. In addition, nurses are expected to perform skin care for elderly at least once a day."

"Kerusakan struktur dan penurunan fungsi ginjal pada anak pengidap Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) dengan komplikasi Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) mengakibatkan penumpukan produk sisa-sisa metabolisme yang disebut uremia. Komplikasi ini mengakibatkan terjadinya gangguan integritas kulit berupa kulit kering (xerosis) yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien dan menimbulkan infeksi lebih lanjut. Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran asuhan keperawatan pada anak pengidap SLE dengan komplikasi CKD dan menganalisis penerapan intervensi pemberian Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) pada masalah gangguan integritas kulit. Intervensi diterapkan sebanyak dua kali dalam sehari dan dilakukan selama 3 hari. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah metode studi kasus. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penurunan luas kulit yang mengalami xerosis yang ditandai dengan penurunan nilai overall dry skin score dari 4 menjadi 3 dan keluarga mampu melakukan perawatan kulit secara mandiri. Rekomendasi dari studi kasus ini adalah diharapkan pemberian VCO dapat menjadi terapi penunjang sebagai upaya untuk mengatasi gangguan integritas kulit pada kondisi xerosis.

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Structural damage and decreased kidney function in children with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) with the Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) complication caused accumulation of metabolic waste products called uremia. This complication resulted in impaired skin integrity in the form of dry skin (xerosis) which can affect the patient's quality of life and lead to further infection. This scientific work aims to provide an overview of nursing care in children with SLE with complication of CKD and to analyze the intervention of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) application to the impaired skin integrity area. The intervention applied twice a day and has been carried out for 3 days. The methodology used is the case study method. The results of the analysis showed that there was a decrease in the area of skin with xerosis which was indicated by a decrease in the overall dry skin score of 4 to 3 and the family was able to perform skin care independently. The recommendation from this case study is application of VCO can be a supporting therapy as an effort to overcome impaired skin integrity in xerosis conditions."

"This book fills that gap by providing an overview of indoor tanning, reasons for its popularity, its risks including skin cancers, and the public health context surrounding the behavior. We have invited some of the preeminent experts in the field to summarize the existing scientific literature for each of the chapters. Shedding light on indoor tanning is an up-to-date and comprehensive book that provides a unique and essential overview of the most significant current issues related to indoor tanning for scientists, educators, students, clinicians, and the general public interested in dermatology, aesthetic trends, skin care, and skin cancer."

"This book focuses on the use and significance of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) for non-invasive high-resolution imaging of the skin. All of the chapters in this hands-on guide are generously illustrated with numerous confocal images and structured in a reader-friendly way. The contents include detailed information on the most relevant and up-to-date aspects of RCM, schematic drawings summarizing and explaining the most important RCM criteria, and a chapter specifically devoted to bridging the gap between dermoscopy, RCM, and histopathology. At the end of each chapter, core messages recapitulate the most pertinent aspects. Reflectance confocal microscopy for skin diseases will be a valuable resource for all physicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment of neoplastic and inflammatory skin diseases."

"Laser technology is constantly evolving and progressing. The use of laser therapy is vastly expanding and for this reason a medical book of this magnitude is necessary. Lasers and light therapy includes an up-to-date comprehensive look at lasers and light therapy not only in the field of cutaneous Laser surgery, but in other medical specialties as well."

"Manusia selalu dipaparkan dengan rangsangan eksternal, baik fisik (langsung) maupun emosional (tidak langsung). Sekresi keringat yang terjadi pada sistem syaraf manusia dapat terjadi sebagai sistem respon. Keberadaan keringat mengubah konduktivitas kulit. Pada skripsi ini sebuah alat dibuat untuk aktivitas konduktivitas kulit ketika rangsangan fisik dan emosional diberikan. Rangsangan fisik merupakan pukulan sedang ke dada, dan ransangan emosional berupa penontonan video kejutan. Pengukuran diberikan waktu diam selama 10 detik agar tubuh beristirahat sebelum menerima rangsangan fisik, dan setelah sepuluh detik selanjutnya, rangsangan emosional diberikan. Jangka waktu percobaan selama 45 detik. Analisis dilakukan untuk membandingkan perubahan konduktivitas pada kulit kering dan kulit basah. Hasil pengukuran memberikan perubahan pada konduktivitas kulit kering lebih terlihat dibandingkan perubahan pada kulit yang berkeringat. Percobaan ini juga menunjukkan adanya jeda waktu 3,05 sampai 5 detik antara rangsangan fisik dan responnya, tetapi pada rangsangan emosional jeda waktu ini tidak ada.

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Humans are continually exposed to external impulses, both physical (direct) and emotional (indirect). Sweat can be secreted by the nervous system as a response system. The presence of sweat changes skin conductivity. For this study a device was developed to measure skin conductivity and its activity when physical and emotional impulses were introduced. The physical impulse was a mild punch to the arm, and the emotional impulse was prompted by watching a video that contained an element of surprise. Measurement was delayed by 10 seconds to let the body rest before receiving the physical impulse, and after another 10 seconds, the emotional impulse was introduced. Total time taken for the measurement was 45 seconds. An analysis was conducted to compare the change in dry skin conductivity with the change in conductivity in skin that was already sweating. Measurement results revealed that changes in dry skin conductivity are more pronounced than changes in sweating skin conductivity. The study also demonstrated that a delay of 3.05 to 5 seconds exists between physical impulse and response, but no delay is present between emotional impulse and response."

"Ruang lingkup dan cara penelitian : Kulit merupakan pelindung terhadap dunia luar. Bila luka tidak cepat menutup, ada kemungkinan infeksi. Tujuan utama pengobatan luka adalah penutupan luka dengan cepat dan pembentukan jaringan parut yang fungsional dan estetik. Proses penyembuhan memerlukan sel darah, mediator , matriks ekstrasel, sel parenkim yang terluka dan dapat dibagi menjadi 3 fase yaitu f.inflamasi, f.proliferasi dan f.remodeling.Pada setiap perlukaan terjadi regenerasi lapisan epidermis (epidermisasi). Epidermisasi dimulai dengan proliferasi sel epitel ke arah lateral (proliferasi horisontal) dan diikuti proliferasi ke arah vertikal guna memperkuat daya lindung kulit dengan terbentuknya lapisan dengan pertautan sel-sel epitel.Petani di Jawa Barat bagian selatan mengobati luka dengan air teh hijau dan sembuh tanpa obat lain. Teh hijau mengandung katekin (20-22% dari berat daun teh hijau). Kadar epigalokatekin galat (salah satu komponen katekin) mencapai 39% dari seluruh katekin yang ada. Epigalokatekin galat merangsang pembentukan IL-1β dan TNF pada kadar 100 µg/ml dalam 1 jam secara maksimal oleh sel MN darah tepi manusia. IL-1 dan TNF merangsang neutrofil dan makrofag untuk mengeluarkan mediator lain yang berperan pada penyembuhan baik pada f. inflamasi maupun f. proliferasi.Dalam rangka upaya untuk melihat bagaimana air teh hijau dapat mempengaruhi proses penyembuhan luka maka telah dilakukan suatu penelitian tentang pengaruh berbagai kepekatan katekin dalam air teh hijau terhadap ketebalan epidermis di tepi luka dan perbandingan antara lebar epidermis dengan lebar luka pada hari ke-8 setelah perlukaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor mencit galur C3H berumur 3-5 bulan, BB 16,4-24,8 g; dibagi dalam 5 kelompok secara acak. Digunakan 3 macam kepekatan katekin dalam seduhan ATH yaitu yang mengandung katekin ±0,2mg/0,5 ml (kepekatan rendah), ± 2 mg/0,5 ml (kepekatan sedang = air minuman teh) dan ± 20 mg /0,5 ml (kepekatan tinggi) serta 1 kelompok yang hanya dilukai saja (K.Kb) dan 1 kelompok yang ditetesi aquadest (K.Kp). Biopsi jaringan granulasi dilakukan pada hari ke-8 setelah perlukaan dan dibuat preparat dengan pewarnaan HE.Hasil dan kesimpulan : Hasil pemberian berbagai kepekatan katekin dalam ATH pada luka kulit mencit dapat dirangkum sebagai berikut : (a) Angka rata rata ketebalan epidermis di tepi luka adalah sebagai berikut : K.Kb 30,0; K.Kp : 22,5; K.ATH 0,2 : 29,3; K.ATH 2 : 28,1; K.ATH 20 : 21,0. (Dalam mikrometer, pembesaran 100 x ).(b) Angka rata rata perbandingan lebar epidermis dengan lebar luka adalah sebagai berikut : K. Kb : 0,54; K.Kp : 0,78; K.ATH 0,2 : 0,45; K.ATH 2 : 0,43; K.ATH 20 : 0,53.Kesimpulan : (1) Analisis data ketebalan epidermis di tepi luka menunjukkan bahwa berbagai kepekatan katekin dalam ATH memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda bermakna pada ketebalan epidermis di tepi luka kulit mencit (Hhit = Ha > Htab yaitu 12,24 > 9,49; batas kemaknaan 5% tabel Kruskal Wallis pada df = 4 yaitu Hub = 9,49 ), yaitu angka rata rata ketebalan epidermis di tepi luka pada kelompok yang diberi katekin kepekatan rendah dan sedang lebih tebal dibanding kelompok yang diberi katekin kepekatan tinggi dan aquadest, tetapi hampir sama dengan yang tidak diberi apa-apa.(2) Analisis data perbandingan lebar epidermis dengan lebar luka menunjukkan bahwa berbagai kepekatan katekin dalam ATH tidak memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda bermakna (Hhit = Ha < Htab yaitu 7,49 < 9,49 ), karena angka rata-rata perbandingan lebar epidermis dengan lebar luka pada kelompok yang diberi katekin kepekatan rendah, sedang maupun tinggi lebih kecil daripada yang diberi aquadest dan yang tidak diberi apa apa.

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Scope and methods of study : The primary function of the skin is to serve as a protective barrier against the environment. Loss of the integrity of the skin as a result of injury or illness may lead to infection. The goals of treatment of wound are rapid closure of the wound and making a functional esthetical scar. Wound healing is a dynamic, interactive process involving soluble mediators, blood cells, extra cellular matrix, parenchyma cells and beginning with an acute inflammation, then tissue formation and remodeling.

In every wound were epithelisation must cover the wound, epithelisation beginning with proliferation of epithelial cell in horizontal way and than in vertical way to strengthen the epidermal layer.

At the Southern part of West Java, farmers while at the paddy field treated their wound with green tea beverage and were cured without other treatment. Green tea contains mostly polyphenols, especially the catechin group, about 20-22% of the dry weight, with epigalocatehin gallate as the main component (39% ). Catechin is colorless, easily soluble in water, astringent and readily oxidizable. 100µg/ml EGCG stimulated mononuclear cells of human perifer blood to produced IL-1β is and TNF maximally in one hour and IL-1β- TNF stimulated neutrophil and macrophage to produced another mediators that involved in wound healing.

To investigate the effects of green tea beverage on epithelisation of skin wound healing, we gave three concentration of 0,5 cc green tea beverage (GTB 0,2, GTB 2 and GTB 20) in three consecutive days to 25 C3H skin wounded mice (3-5 months, weight 16,4 - 24,8 g ) that are divided at random into five groups. One group ( K.Kb ) was treated as control and the other group ( K,Kp ) was treated with aquadest. We biopsied the granulation tissue of the wound healing at the eighth days and make HE tissue slide. The slide was examined microscopically for the epithelial thickness at the edge of wound and count the ratio between the epithelial width and the whole width of the wound, These data were statistically analyzed.

Result and conclusion : Effect of several concentration of catechin in green tea beverage on the epithelisation of skin wound healing were:

(a) Mean from the thickness of epithelial tissue at the edge of the wound were (in micrometer) : Free control group: 30,0; Solution control group 22,5; Green tea 0,2 group : 29,3; Green tea 2 group : 28,1; Green tea 20 group : 21,0.

(b) Mean from the ratio between the epithelial width and the whole width of the wound were : Free control group : 0,54; Solution control group : 0,78; Green tea 0,2 group ; 0,45; Green tea 2 group : 0,43; Green tea 20 group : 0,53.

Conclusion: Several concentrations of catechin in green tea beverage give significant different effect on the thickness of epithelial tissue at the edge of the wound (Hhit = Ha >Htab or 12,24 > 9,49 ), especially with the low and middle concentartion of GTB but not for the ratio between the epithelial width and the whole width of the wound (Hhit = Ha < Htab or 7,49 < 9,49 )."