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"Pada pelaksanaan proyek konstruksi tidak pernah dijumpai suatu proyek yang semua kegiatannya berjalan sesuai perencanaan dasar, terutama bagi proyek yang besar dan kompleks. Permasalahan akan berkembang setiap harinya seperti : keterlambatan material, kekurangan tenaga kerja, kerusakan peralatan dan kondisi-kondisi lain menggangu perencanaan awalnya. Pengawasan merupakan bagian dari pengendalian proyek yang diperlukan untuk mengantisipasi penyimpangan-penyimpangan yang terjadi sehingga tindakan koreksi dapat memperbaiki hasil pelaksanaan yang kurang memenuhi spesifikasi. Pengawasan biasanya meliputi empat kegiatan utama. Keempat kegiatan utama itu adalah pengembangan standar pelaksanaan, pengukuran hasil pelaksanaan, penilaian hasil pelaksanaan dan perbaikan. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk melihat adanya hubungan secara kuantitatif melalui analisis regresi berganda pengaruh kualitas pengawasan kepada kinerja biaya dan kinerja waktu akhir dari pelaksanaan konstruksi Bendungan dan Bangunan Air pada proyek Irigasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang ditujukan kepada seluruh Kantor Dinas Departemen Pekerjaan Umum Propinsi. Dalam penelitian ini dibagi menjadi dua bagian sistem pengawasan yaitu sistem pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh Pemilik dan sistem pengawasan yang dilakukan Pemilik bersama Konsultan Supervisi. Dari total sampel kedua sistem pengawasan tersebut dilakukan analisis statistik untuk akhirnya mendapatkan model regresi berganda tentang hubungan antara variabel-variabel pengawasan terhadap kinerja biaya maupun kinerja waktu pelaksanaan proyek. Dan hasil penelitian yang didapatkan bahwa peningkatan pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh Pemilik maupun Pemilik bersama Konsultan Supervisi akan meningkatkan kinerja biaya dan kinerja waktu pelaksanaan konstruksi Bendungan dan Bangunan Air pada Proyek Irigasi."

"This article attempts to identify factors affecting participation in payment of irrigation service fees. There are fivevariables comprising demographic and economic of land variables were tested to find the variables that influenced theparticipation significantly. The five variables tested consisted of age and formal education as demographic variables;land productivity, land size, and land tenure as the economic of land variables. The results showed that formal education(demographic variable) had positive relationship and land size (economic of land variable) had negative relationshipwith the participation. Positive relationship between formal education and participation in payment of irrigation servicefees meant that the participation increased as farmers’ education increased. Meanwhile, negative relationship betweenland size and the participation in payment of irrigation service fees showed that the farmers’ participation wouldincrease as the land size owned by farmers decreased. In other words, participation in payment of irrigation service feeswas higher among farmers with small lands rather than that among farmers with large lands."

"The authority of irrigation management in Indonesia has been changed since the launching of the government regulation, No.. 20/2006. Irrigation mamanagement was also challanged by the more complex changes from outside of irrigation systems...."

"West Nusa Tenggara is dry land with sandy clay texture and undulating topography, very low rainfall, but very potential to be developed into productive agricultural land due to be supported by graound water resources. Research carried out in order to find the model development and management of drip irrigation systems to support the optimization of ground water management in dry land...."

"Deficient construction quality is considered as one of the constraint operation and maintenance of irrigation systems. This can be avoided if the contract document of construction for new irrigation network entailed performance indicators that need to be achieved after the construction was completed. For this reason, Experimental Station for Irrigation and stakeholders have formulated output performance indicators based on ideal conditions that need to be accomplished in the development of new irrigation networks. This formulation of output performance indicators and assessment method was verified in 3 (three) Regional Irrigation (RI) namely Jengkol in West Java, Ciliman in Banten and Bekri in Lampung. The updated indicators are expected to be used as one of the guidelines in the development implementation and it is expected to be included in contract specification and is to serve as an evaluation tool of Preparation Operation and Maintenance."

"Desain sistem irigasi adalah usaha rekayasa memaksimalkan ketersedian air untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air sesuai dengan pola tanam yang diinginkan. Penentuan pola tanam ini selain dipengaruhi oleh kondisi geografis dan iklim juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor ekonomi pertanian, seperti potensi keuntungan petani. Jika situasi ekonomi berubah, maka pola tanam akan menyesuaikan diri agar petani mendapatkan keuntungan yang tertinggi dengan mengubah pola tanam. Perubahan pola tanam ini akan merubah kebutuhan air total irigasi atau gross irrigation requirement (GIR) dalam satu tahun. Kodisi perubahan pola tanam ini terjadi di Daerah Irigasi Pemali bawah, Kabupaten Brebes. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan sebuah analisa sebagai dampak dari perubahan pola tanam tersebut terhadap infrastruktur irigasi supaya secara teknis sistem irigasi tersebut dapat dipertanggung jawabkan.

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Irrigation systems design is about to find engineer solution to maximize water availability to fulfill cropping demand. The pattern cropping is determined not only by geographical and climate condition but also by profit potential yield by the selected pattern too. As such, economics condition will change the preference cropping pattern and the new cropping pattern requires new determination of gross irrigation requirement and new set of irrigation structure. This final project reviews on irrigation infrastructure system in Pemali Bawah Irrigation System, Brebes Regency, due to the change of cropping pattern driven by economic change."

"This article attempts to identify factors affecting participation in payment of irrigation service fees. There are fivevariables comprising demographic and economic of land variables were tested to find the variables that influenced theparticipation significantly. The five variables tested consisted of age and formal education as demographic variables;land productivity, land size, and land tenure as the economic of land variables. The results showed that formal education(demographic variable) had positive relationship and land size (economic of land variable) had negative relationshipwith the participation. Positive relationship between formal education and participation in payment of irrigation servicefees meant that the participation increased as farmers’ education increased. Meanwhile, negative relationship betweenland size and the participation in payment of irrigation service fees showed that the farmers’ participation wouldincrease as the land size owned by farmers decreased. In other words, participation in payment of irrigation service feeswas higher among farmers with small lands rather than that among farmers with large lands."

"ABSTRAKJurnal ini berisi tentang sistem irigasi falaj di Oman. Jurnal ini membahas bagaimana sistem falaj dapat bertahan beribu tahun lamanya dan juga bagaimana peran masyarakat oman dalam pengelolaan sistem falaj. Falaj adalah sistem irigasi bawah tanah yang digunakan di negara Oman. Sistem ini berbeda dengan sistem irigasi yang ada selama ini, karena airnya dialirkan di bawah tanah melalui pipa-pipa. Pada dasarnya sistem ini mengandalkan gaya gravitasi, namun demi terjaganya air dari penguapan mengingat Oman merupakan daerah yang sangat kering, maka air dialirkan di bawah tanah. Sistem ini sama dengan sistem qanat di Iran. Tidak ada yang tahu persis kapan sistem ini dibangun, dan siapa yang pertama kali menemukannya. Di Oman sendiri, terdapat kurang lebih 3.000 saluran falaj yang mana lima diantaranya diakui UNESCO sebagai warisan sejarah dunia pada tahun 2006. Salah satu falaj terbesar di Oman adalah Falaj Dawis yang masih digunakan sampai saat ini. Masyarakat sekitar falaj memanfaatkan air dari hasil falaj untuk kebutuhan rumah tangga dan juga untuk lahan pertanian. Mereka membentuk komite dalam penjagaan dan pengelolaan sistem falaj. Komite terebut terdiri dari wakil kepala komite , qabidh bendahara , arif mandor , bidar buruh . Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah metode deksriptif-analisis, yaitu menggambarkan tentang sistem irigasi falaj. Selain itu, penulis juga menggunakan kajian sejarah dalam penulisannya. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan tentang sistem irigasi falaj di Oman dan bagaimana masarakat di sekitar sistem falaj menjaga dan mempertahankan sistem falaj.

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ABSTRACTThis journal contains about the irrigation system in Oman called falaj. This journal discusses how the falaj system can survive thousands of years and also how the role of the oman community in the management system falaj. Falaj is an underground irrigation system used in the country of Oman. The system is different from the existing irrigation systems, because the water is channeled underground through pipes. Basically this system relies on the force of gravity, but for the sake of water sustained from evaporation considering that Oman is a very dry area then the water flowed underground. This journal discusses how the falaj system can survive thousands of years and also how the role of the oman community in the management system falaj. This system is the same as the qanat system in Iran. No one knows exactly when the system was built, and who first discovered it. In Oman itself, there are approximately 3,000 falaj channels in which five are recognized by UNESCO as a world heritage in 2006. One of the largest falaj in Oman is Falaj Dawis still in use today. The people around us use water from falaj products for household needs and also for agricultural land. They formed a committee in the maintenance and management of the falaj system. The committee consists of wakil heads of committees , qabidh treasurer , arif foreman , bidar laborer . The method used in this paper is descriptive analysis method, which describes the irrigation system falaj. In addition, the author also uses historical studies in writing. This paper aims to describe the irrigation system falaj in Oman and how communities around the system falaj maintain and maintain the system falaj."

"Keberhasilan suatu proyek sangat dipengaruhi oleh tahap pendefinisian proyek, lingkup proyek dan pembuatan work breakdown structure (WBS). WBS merupakan suatu proses perincian deliverable dan pekerjaan proyek menjadi komponen yang lebih kecil dan dapat dikelola. Kesesuaian dengan spesifikasi kualitas merupakan pengukuran penting kinerja dari setiap proyek konstruksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Standar WBS yang berbasis risiko untuk meningkatkan kinerja kualitas pada proyek saluran/irigasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode analisis risiko kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan standar WBS berbasis risiko untuk proyek saluran/irigasi yang terdiri dari 6 level dan 10 variabel risiko dominan terhadap kinerja kualitas mutu proyek, dan rekomendasi respon risiko sebagai pengembangan WBS standar.

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The success of a project is greatly influenced by the stage of defining the project, the scope of the project and the creation of a work breakdown structure (WBS). WBS is a process of detailing deliverables and project work into smaller and manageable components. Compliance with quality specifications is an important measurement of the performance of each construction project. This study aims to develop a risk-based WBS Standard to improve quality performance in channel / irrigation projects. This research was conducted with qualitative risk analysis methods. The results of this study indicate a risk-based WBS standard for channel / irrigation projects consisting of 6 levels and 10 dominant risk variables on the performance of project quality quality, and risk response recommendations as the development of standard WBS."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melacak pengenalan dan pengelolaan waterschap Bengawan di wilayah Vorstenlanden Surakarta. Sebagai badan irigasi yang otonom, waterschap bertugas untuk mengatur distribusi air secara adil di antara dua kepentingan, yaitu pengusaha perkebunan dan petani. Namun, ditemukan beberapa permasalahan dalam praktiknya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah yang terdiri dari heuristik, verifikasi, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Pada tahapan heuristik, penelusuran sumber meliputi kajian terhadap literatur, arsip-arsip pemerintah Hindia Belanda, serta surat kabar sezaman yang disusun menjadi satu kesatuan dalam narasi penulisan sejarah. Sejauh penelusuran diketahui bahwa waterschap Bengawan belum bisa menjalankan tugasnya dengan efektif karena terbentur dengan beberapa aturan yang lebih berpihak pada kepentingan perusahaan. Hak otonom perkebunan dalam pengelolaan air menyebabkan sebagian besar air irigasi dialokasikan ke perkebunan sehingga meningkatkan produksi. Di sisi lain, hak otonom yang dimiliki oleh perkebunan ini juga memicu konflik antara perkebunan dan petani. Banyaknya perkebunan yang tutup selama krisis malaise, menyebabkan distribusi air difokuskan untuk pertanian yang pada akhirnya meningkatkan hasil produksi padi.

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This research aims to trace the introduction and management of the Waterschap Bengawan in Vorstenlanden Surakarta. As an autonomous irrigation agency, the waterschap was tasked with organising the equitable distribution of water between two interests, plantation entrepreneurs and farmers. However, several problems were found in practice. The method used in this research is the historical method which consists of heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. In the heuristic stage, the source search includes a study of literature, archives of the Dutch East Indies government, and contemporaneous newspapers that are compiled into a single unit in the narrative of historical writing. It is known that the Waterschap Bengawan has not been able to carry out its duties effectively due to several regulations that favour the interests of the company. The autonomous rights of plantations in water management caused most of the irrigation water to be allocated to plantations, thus increasing production. On the other hand, the autonomous rights owned by plantations also trigger conflicts between plantations and farmers. As many plantations closed during the malaise crisis, water distribution was focussed on agriculture, which in turn increased rice production."