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"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang.Pekerja yang terkena paparan panas selama bekerja dapat menyebabkan kelelahan jika asupan cairan tidak cukup. Pekerja laki-laki di bagian fabrikasi dan persiapan bahan terpapar panas dalam bekerja sehingga berisiko mengalami kelelahan.Memastikan bahwa pekerja dalam lingkungan panas cukup terhidrasi dengan baik adalah salah satu cara yang paling efektif untuk melindungi kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja, serta meningkatkan produktivitas.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh konsumsi minimal 2 liter air minum dalam 8 jam terhadap penurunan kelelahan kerja akibat terpapar tekanan panas.Metode Penelitian.Desain penelitian one group before and after design, dengan intervensi pemberian air minum minimal 2 liter dalam 8 jam kerja pada pekerja. Subjek berjumlah 34 orang. Subyek mempunyai kriteria inklusi masa kerja ≥ 1 tahun dan tidak mempunyai riwayat penyakit diabetes, paru, ginjal, darah dan jantung. Kriteria ekslusinya adalah tidak dalam kondisi sakit ≤ 1 bulan terakhir. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, pengamatan intervensi, dan kelelahan diukur menggunakan alat reaction timer.Hasil. Hasil pengukuran tekanan panas rata-rata pada bagian fabrikasi dan persiapan bahan yaitu 32,9OC ISBB, RH 61,8%. Rerata kecepatan waktu reaksi sebelum bekerja adalah 253,6 mili detik sedangkan rerata kecepatan waktu reaksi setelah bekerja adalah 235.3 mili detik. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya penurunan. Dari hasil analisis perbedaan kecepatan reaksi sebelum dan sesudah intervensi menggunakan Wilcoxon test, didapat hasil signifikan (0,011 < 0,005). Untuk mengetahui penurunan kelelahan akibat intervensi dianalisis dengan Rank Pearson test, didapat hasil signifikan dengan kekuatan korelasi sedang (p=0,000, r= -0,616).Kesimpulan.Hipotesis terbukti bahwa pemberian air minum minimal 2 liter dalam 8 jam memberikan efek positif terhadap penurunan kelelahan kerja pada pekerja laki-laki di PT.P. Perusahaan perlu menyediakan air minum dalam kuantitas cukup dan pekerja disarankan minum air mineral lebih dari 2 liter dalam 8 jam untuk mengganti cairan yang hilang karena lingkungan panas.

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ABSTRACTBackground. Workers who are exposed to heat exposure during work can cause fatigue if fluid intake is not sufficient. Male workers at the fabrication and preparation of materials exposed to heat in the work so that risk of fatigue. Ensuring that workers in hot environments pretty well hydrated is one of the most effective ways to protect the health and safety, and increase productivity. This study aimed to assess the effect of consumption of drinking at least 2 liters of water in 8 hours to decrease fatigue caused by exposure to heat stress.Research Methods. The study design one group before and after design, with intervention giving at least 2 liters of drinking water within 8 hours of work on workers exposed to heat stress. Subject totaling 34 people. Subject inclusion criteria have tenure ≥ 1 year and had no history of diabetes, lung, kidney, blood and heart. Ekslusinya criteria is not in a state hospital last month ≤ 1. Data was collected through interviews using questionnaires, observations of the intervention, and fatigue were measured using a reaction timer.Results. The results of measurements of the average heat stress on the fabrication and preparation of materials WBGT is 32.9 OC, 61.8% RH. The mean speed of reaction time before the work is 253,6 milli seconds while the average speed of the reaction time after work is 235,3 milliseconds. This indicates a decrease. From the analysis of the reaction speed difference before and after the intervention using the Wilcoxon test, the result was significant (0.011 <0.005). To determine the reduction in fatigue due to the intervention were analyzed with Pearson Rank test, the results obtained with the strength of the correlation was significant (p = 0.000, r = -0.595).Conclusion. Hypothesis proved that the administration of at least 2 liters of drinking water within 8 hours giving a positive effect on the reduction in fatigue work on male workers in PT.P. Companies need to provide drinking water in sufficient quantity and workers are advised to drink mineral water more than 2 liters in 8 hours to replace fluids lost due to environmental heat.;Background. Workers who are exposed to heat exposure during work can cause fatigue if fluid intake is not sufficient. Male workers at the fabrication and preparation of materials exposed to heat in the work so that risk of fatigue. Ensuring that workers in hot environments pretty well hydrated is one of the most effective ways to protect the health and safety, and increase productivity. This study aimed to assess the effect of consumption of drinking at least 2 liters of water in 8 hours to decrease fatigue caused by exposure to heat stress.Research Methods. The study design one group before and after design, with intervention giving at least 2 liters of drinking water within 8 hours of work on workers exposed to heat stress. Subject totaling 34 people. Subject inclusion criteria have tenure ≥ 1 year and had no history of diabetes, lung, kidney, blood and heart. Ekslusinya criteria is not in a state hospital last month ≤ 1. Data was collected through interviews using questionnaires, observations of the intervention, and fatigue were measured using a reaction timer.Results. The results of measurements of the average heat stress on the fabrication and preparation of materials WBGT is 32.9 OC, 61.8% RH. The mean speed of reaction time before the work is 253,6 milli seconds while the average speed of the reaction time after work is 235,3 milliseconds. This indicates a decrease. From the analysis of the reaction speed difference before and after the intervention using the Wilcoxon test, the result was significant (0.011 <0.005). To determine the reduction in fatigue due to the intervention were analyzed with Pearson Rank test, the results obtained with the strength of the correlation was significant (p = 0.000, r = -0.595).Conclusion. Hypothesis proved that the administration of at least 2 liters of drinking water within 8 hours giving a positive effect on the reduction in fatigue work on male workers in PT.P. Companies need to provide drinking water in sufficient quantity and workers are advised to drink mineral water more than 2 liters in 8 hours to replace fluids lost due to environmental heat., Background. Workers who are exposed to heat exposure during work can cause fatigue if fluid intake is not sufficient. Male workers at the fabrication and preparation of materials exposed to heat in the work so that risk of fatigue. Ensuring that workers in hot environments pretty well hydrated is one of the most effective ways to protect the health and safety, and increase productivity. This study aimed to assess the effect of consumption of drinking at least 2 liters of water in 8 hours to decrease fatigue caused by exposure to heat stress.Research Methods. The study design one group before and after design, with intervention giving at least 2 liters of drinking water within 8 hours of work on workers exposed to heat stress. Subject totaling 34 people. Subject inclusion criteria have tenure ≥ 1 year and had no history of diabetes, lung, kidney, blood and heart. Ekslusinya criteria is not in a state hospital last month ≤ 1. Data was collected through interviews using questionnaires, observations of the intervention, and fatigue were measured using a reaction timer.Results. The results of measurements of the average heat stress on the fabrication and preparation of materials WBGT is 32.9 OC, 61.8% RH. The mean speed of reaction time before the work is 253,6 milli seconds while the average speed of the reaction time after work is 235,3 milliseconds. This indicates a decrease. From the analysis of the reaction speed difference before and after the intervention using the Wilcoxon test, the result was significant (0.011 <0.005). To determine the reduction in fatigue due to the intervention were analyzed with Pearson Rank test, the results obtained with the strength of the correlation was significant (p = 0.000, r = -0.595).Conclusion. Hypothesis proved that the administration of at least 2 liters of drinking water within 8 hours giving a positive effect on the reduction in fatigue work on male workers in PT.P. Companies need to provide drinking water in sufficient quantity and workers are advised to drink mineral water more than 2 liters in 8 hours to replace fluids lost due to environmental heat.]"

"Sebagai negara kepulauan yang memiliki potensi berlimpah, Indonesia memiliki berbagai macam komoditas unggul untuk diberdayakan guna memacu pertumbuhan ekonomi. Berdasarkan pemetaan geografis dan ekonomi, Indonesia dibagi menjadi dua yaitu Kawasan Barat Indonesia KBI dan Kawasan Timur Indonesia KTI, adapun KTI yang terdiri dari 11 provinsi membentang dari Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur hingga Papua dan merupakan kawasan berbasis kemaritiman. Namun, potensi yang terdapat di daerah tersebut sangat berbanding terbalik dengan pemanfaatan yang menyebabkan adanya kesenjangan wilayah regional inequality sebesar 95,56 KBI dan 4,44 KTI dari segi pembangunan industri dan infrastruktur, fenomena ini terjadi karena minimnya pemanfaatan komoditas untuk pembangunan kawasan industri sehingga berpengaruh pada kegiatan minimnya bongkar muat logistik dari KBI ke KTI.Oleh karena itu, untuk menyelesaikan fenomena tersebut penelitian ini membahas bagaimana kawasan timur dapat berkembang dengan melakukan analisis permodelan wilayah industri manufaktur beserta biaya investasi agar dapat memacu pembangunan KTI dengan metode location quotient LQ dan pairwise comparison chart PCC dalam menentukan industri manufaktur dan produksi prioritas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa 11 Provinsi di KTI kedepannya akan di kembangkan beberapa jenis industri manufaktur dan produksi yaitu pabrik pertanian, peternakan, dan kayu; pengolahan perikanan modern; smelter hasil tambang dan penggalian mentah; Produksi batubara, migas, dan panas bumi; dan manufaktur beton precast dan aspal dengan total biaya investasi sebesar Rp300.794.756.555.344,00-.

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Indonesia as archipelagic country that stores high numbers of commodity, could increase the economic growth by maximizing potential in form of industrial sector. Geographically and Economically, Indonesia is divided into two segmental area ldquo Western Area of Indonesia KBI and Eastern Area of Indonesia KTI, specifically for KTI which consists of 11 provinces spanning from Nusa Tenggara Province to Papua and well known as strategic maritime region. However, the potential commodity that occupies those regions does not represent optimum utilization which implies to regional inequality with percentage is 95,56 KBI and 4,44 KTI on industrial and infrastructure aspect, these phenomena occurs due to minimum logistic loading and discharging activity from KBI to KTI.

Hence, to cope within this phenomenon this research is aimed how the eastern region could accelerate the development into another form of massive manufacturing region by analyzing regional model including initial cost for the construction. Several methods are conducted, location quotient method exposes several alternatives of potential sector based on regional's GDP and for the next iteration will be investigated in pairwise comparison chart PCC in determining final decision for manufacturing and production sector on each province. As the result, it shows that 11 provinces of KTI will be developed in several major industrial types such as agricultural, livestock, and timber manufacturing mineral mining and raw material smelting industry coal, oil gas, and geothermal refining industry and precast concrete and asphalt batching plant manufacturing. At last, to develop KTI as a center of manufacturing and production in Indonesia is estimated 22,560,170,745.92 for construction cost, its component corresponds to initial cost including land, industrial building, land clearing, manufacturing machinery equipment, and infrastructure expenses."

"ABSTRAKKebijakan pemerintah Amerika Serikat (AS) mengahadapi situasi Perang Dunia II adalah mempersiapkan pertahanan ke dalam yang tangguh. Untuk itu segala potensi industri dialihkan untuk pembangunan kekuatan militer. Dalam konteks sejarah AS di abad ke-20, kebijakan mengenai penggunaan aspek militer sebagai alat penentu keputusan politik luar negerinya adalah suatu hal yang sangat panting. Walaupun kita mengetahui bahwa tatanan politik dan sosial negara tersebut sangat jauh dari sifat yang militeristik. Kebijakan pertahanan tersebut memiliki doktrin yang terkait dengan aspek kematraan atau alam tempat bernaung suatu angkatan perang. Pesawat pembom strategis dan aspek politik-ekonominya yang menjadi bahan penelitian di dalam skripsi ini terikat ke dalam sebuah doktrin bermatra udara. Doktrin ini dihasilkan dari sebuah perdebatan mengenai pengesahan konsepsinya pada tahun I 920'an. Perdebatan itu berpangkal dari belum terujinya konsep tersebut ke dalam situasi yang nyata. Doktrin itu kemudian bisa diwujudkan bersama dengan tujuan politik AS dalam percaturan dunia yang tengah dilanda perang. Kegiatan industri manufaktur saat itu yang merupakan inti dari kebesaran ekonomi dan kemenangan militer AS. Kegiatan ini pula memberikan arti yang panting terhadap keberadaan industri swasta yang didorong oleh kebijakan pemerintah. Hal ini ditambah oleh peranan lembaga militer yang secara langsung menerapkan doktrin tersebut yang memiliki peranan dalam perancangan dan pengelolaan produksinya.

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"Sektor energi mempunyai peran vital bagi pertumbuhan sektor ekonomi terutama untuk sektor produksi seperti sektor industri manufaktur. Berbeda dengan Negara maju, intensitas energi sektor industri Indonesia lebih tinggi dibanding intensitas rata-rata nasional yang menunjukkan ketidakefisienan penggunaan energi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan model permintaan energi pada industri semen, baja dan pulp dan kertas dengan pendekatan engineering-economic model. Tahapan penelitian ini yaitu pengumpulan data, penentuan variabel, analisis data, pemodelan, dan simulasi dengan skenario konservasi dan dasar. Penelitian ini mendapatkan bahwa data untuk memetakan konsumsi energi dan intensitas energi pada industri manufaktur tidak konsisten sehingga gambaran konsumsi energi, intensitas energi dan intensitas emisi secara nasional tidak didapatkan. Dengan skenario konservasi industri semen dapat menghematan sebesar 150 juta GJ dan industri baja 111 juta GJ di tahun 2020.

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The energy sector has a vital role for the growth of economy sectors especially for production sectors such as the manufacturing industry. In contrast to developed countries, energy intensity of industrial sectors in Indonesia is higher than national average intensity which shows inefficient energy use.

This research aims to develop a model of energy demand in cement, steel and pulp and paper industries with engineering - economic model approach. The methodologies are data collection, data analysis, variable determination, modeling, and simulation with conservation and basic scenarios.

This research gets that data to mapping the energy consumption and energy intensity in the manufacturing industry is not consistent so the profile of energy consumption, energy intensity and emissions intensity is not obtained. With conservation scenarios the cement industry can save 150 million GJ and the steel industries 111 million GJ in 2020."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menguji pengaruh manajemen modal kerja melalui cash conversion cycle dan komponenenya (hari piutang dagang, hari persediaan barang, dan hari hutang dagang) terhadap profitabilitas hasil operasi perusahaan. Penelitian menggunakan regresi berganda data panel dengan metode random effect dengan sampel 129 perusahaan yang ada pada sektor industri manufaktur di Bursa Efek Indonesia dengan data tahun 2008-2011. Digunakan juga variabel kontrol pertumbuhan penjualan, ukuran perusahaan, tingkat hutang, dan likuiditas perusahaan untuk dilihat pengaruhnya pada profitabilitas. Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa cash conversion cycle tidak secara langsung mempengaruhi profitabilitas melainkan melalui hari piutang dagang, variabel kontrol yang mempengaruhi profitabilitas adalah ukuran perusahaan dan tingkat hutang perusahaan. Penelitian ini juga melakukan regresi pada 3 sub-sektor yang ada pada sektor industri manufaktur yang menunjukan bahwa profitabilitas tidak dipengaruhi langsung cash conversion cycle. Pada sub-sektor aneka industri profitabilitas dipengaruhi oleh hari piutang dagang dan hari persediaan barang, sedangkan pada sub-sektor barang konsumsi profitabilitas dipengaruhi oleh hari piutang dagang dan dari hutang dagang. Variabel kontrol yang mempengaruhi profitabilitas pada ke 3 sub-sektor tidak sama persis dengan sektor industri manufaktur, namun beragam.

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ABSTRAKThis study examined the effect of working capital management on profitability from operating activities through cash conversion cycle and its compnent days of accounts receivable days of nventory and days of accounts payable This study used panel data regression with random effects method used sample of 129 firms that exist in the manufacturing sector in Indonesia Stock Exchange over the 2008 2011 period This study used sales growth firm size debt level and liquidity as control variable see its effect on profitability The results addressing the cash conversion cycle that does not directly affect profitability but through the days of accounts receivables the control variables that affect the profitability of the company and is firm size and levelof corporate debt This study also perform regression on 3 sub sectors that exist in the manufacturing sub sector the regression shows that profitability is not affected directly by cash conversion cycle In the various industry sub sector profitability is affected by the days of accounts receivable and days of inventory while in the consumer goods sub sector profitability is affected by days of accounts receivable and days of accounts payable Control variables that affect profitability in the 3 subsector is not exactly the same with the manufacturing sector however diverse."