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"The author gives us his account from the centre of the nuclear fray. Readers will sit at the dinner table with Iraqi officials in Baghdad, listening as they bleakly predict the coming war. They will eavesdrop on the exchanges between UN inspectors and U.S. officials observing the behind-the-scenes formulation of an approach to foreign policy and diplomacy that would come to characterise the Bush administration. We gain a feel for the difficulty of the IAEA inspectors' struggle to maintain objectivity when trust has been broken, or when the press - or governments - are playing fast and loose with the fac"

"Imigrasi merupakan salah satu instansi yang bergerak di bidang pelayanan publik. Meskipun demikian, Imigrasi memiliki empat fungsi keimigrasian selain pelayanan, yaitu penegakan hukum, keamanan negara, dan fasilitator pembangunan masyarakat di mana ketiga fungsi selain pelayanan kerap kali diabaikan oleh masyarakat. Hal ini menimbulkan tuntutan masyarakat yang tinggi terhadap pelayanan sehingga mengabaikan ketiga fungsi lainnya. Salah satu fungsi pelayanan yang dilaksanakan oleh Imigrasi adalah pelayanan penerbitan paspor Republik Indonesia. Dalam melaksanakan fungsi pelayanan pada proses penerbitan paspor RI, Pejabat Imigrasi juga mempertimbangkan fungsi penegakan hukum dalam bentuk pengawasan keimigrasian. Melalui proses pengawasan keimigrasian maka dimungkinkan bagi Pejabat Imigrasi untuk melakukan penundaan penerbitan paspor terhadap masyarakat yang disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yang sejalan dengan teori hunan security atau keamanan manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa faktor-faktor apa saja yang menjadi penyebab seorang Pejabat Imigrasi mengambil keputusan untuk melakukan penundaan permohonan paspor bagi masyarakat serta kendala yang dihadapi dan memberikan solusi yang tepat dalam rangka mengatasi permasalahn tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan sumber data yang diperoleh melalui kajian literatur serta pelaksanaan wawancara terhadap narasumber yang memiliki pengalaman di bidang terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan Pejabat Imigrasi melakukan penundaan terhadap penerbitan paspor antara lain berkas persyaratan permohonan kurang lengkap, pemohon memberikan keterangan tidak benar saat proses wawancara dalam rangka penerbitan paspor, pemohon terindikasi sebagai Pekerja Migran Indonesia Non-Prosedural. Adapun kendala yang seringkali dihadapi oleh Pejabat Imigrasi adalah terkait dengan keluhan yang disampaikan oleh masyarakat terkait pelayanan yang diberikan karena dinilai mempersulit sehingga memperburuk citra Imigrasi pada umumnya. Selain itu Pejabat Imigrasi menghadapi dilema dalam pelaksanaan tugasnya karena dituntut untuk memberikan pelayanan prima terhadap masyarakat namun di sisi lain tetap harus memperhatikan aspek pengawasan terhadap permohonan paspor yang diajukan oleh masyarakat dalam rangka mewujudkan human security atau keamanan manusia.

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Immigration in Indonesia is known as one of institution that operates in the field of public services. However, immigration has four immigration functions apart from services, namely law enforcement, state security, and facilitator of community development, where the three functions other than services are often ignored by the community. This leads to the high expectations from the community about public services, thereby ignoring the other three functions. One of the services carried out by Immigration is the Republic of Indonesia passport issuance service. In carrying out service functions in the Indonesian passport issuance process, Immigration Officers also considering the law enforcement function in the form of immigration supervision. Through the immigration control process, it is possible for Immigration Officers to delay the issuance of passports for the public due to several factors that are in line with the theory of human security. The aim of this research is to analyze the factors that could possibly affecting the Immigration Officers decision to postpone the issuance of passport application, defining the problems that often faced by Immigration Officers and providing appropriate solutions in order to overcome these problems. This research uses qualitative methods using data sources from literature reviews and interviews with the people as informant who have experience in related fields. The result of this study showed that several factors causing Immigration Officers to postpone the passport issuance are including incomplete application requirements, the applicant providing incorrect information during the interview process in order to issue the passport, the applicant being indicated as a Non-Procedural Indonesian Migrant Workers. The problems that are often faced by Immigration Officers are related to complaints submitted by the public regarding the services provided because they are considered to be difficult and thus worsen the image of Immigration in general. Apart from that, Immigration Officers face a dilemma in carrying out their duties because they are required to provide excellent service to the community, but on the other hand they still have to pay attention to aspects of monitoring passport applications submitted by the community in order to realize human security."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini berfokus pada persoalan hak pencari suaka di Indonesia, khususnya periode 1999-2006. Terkatung-katungnya nasib sekitar 350 pencari suaka asal Afganistan, Irak dan Iran di Indonesia selama kurang lebih lima tahun perlu mendapat perhatian khusus. Anehnya realita tersebut nyaris tidak terdengar. Pemerintah Indonesia, khususnya Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi berdalih bahwa berdasarkan UU No. 9 Tahun 1992 Tentang Keimigrasian, para pencari suaka tersebut tergolong imigran gelap.Komisi Tinggi PBB Urusan Pengungsi (UNHCR) dan Organisasi Internasional Urusan Migrasi (IOM) mempunyai pandangan yang berbeda. UNHCR melihat mereka sebagai pencari suaka. IOM memperlakukan mereka sebagai irregular migrant, yang membedakannya dengan illegal migrant.Teori John Rawls mengenai keadilan "Justice as fairness" dan konsep keamanan manusia (human security) digunakan dalam meneliti persoalan tersebut. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dan metode yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka, disamping wawancara.Dari analisis terhadap data dan hasil wawancara, disimpulkan bahwa pemerintah Indonesia telah melakukan pembiaran (act of ommission) terhadap para pencari suaka dan hal tersebut merupakan ketidakadilan (injustice) bagi mereka. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan upaya ratifikasi dan pembentukan peraturan perundang¬-undangan mengenai masalah pencari suaka di Indonesia sehingga hak-hak pencari suaka terlindungi dan keadilan (justice) ditegakkan.

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ABSTRACT

The focus of this-study is the issue of asylum seekers' rights in 1999-2006 in Indonesia. The situation of being in limbo of about 350 asylum seekers, particularly those from Afganistan, Iraq and Iran who have been in Indonesia for about five years needs special attention from the government. On the contrary, the government of Indonesia, especially the Directorate General of Immigration argues that based on the Act No. 9 Year of 1992 (Immigration Act), asylum seekers are illegal immigrants.

Despite the argument of the Indonesian government, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) perceives the issue as asylum seekers' issue. On the other hand, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) treats them as irregular migrants.

The theory of John Rawls "Justice as fairness" and the concept of human security is used to analyze the issue. This research is qualitative and the data collected by means of literature study and deep interviews.

This research concludes that the government of Indonesia has conducted act of ommission, which is a violation against the asylum seekers' rights and that the government has performed injustice for them. Therefore it is recommended that the government of Indonesia ratify the conventions regarding asylum seekers/refugees and regulate the issue. By ratifying and regulating the issue, it is expected that justice can be enforced to asylum seekers in Indonesia."

"Tesis ini mengkritik pendekatan human security PBB melalui implementsi resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB 1325 dalam isu kekerasan seksual (pemerkosaan dan perbudakan seksual) di Timor Leste pada masa konflik (1975-1999). Penulis menggunakan metode studi literature dengan dokumen Chega CAVR sebagai rujukan data kekerasan seksual di Timor Leste pada masa konflik. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori feminisme radikal kultural yang menekankan pada tiga konsep dasar, yakni budaya patriarki, power dan penindasan yang berdampak pada gagasan revolusioner untuk mengakhiri penindasan. Penulis ingin menunjukkan proses pengarusutaman gender dalam operasi perdamaian PBB (UNTAET) di Timor Leste sebagai implementasi resolusi 1325 yang berimplikasi pada pembentukan CAVR namun gagal melawan budaya bisu yang disebabkan oleh budaya patriarki. Budaya bisu perempuan Timor Leste ini membentuk impunitas pelaku kekersaan seksual di Timor Leste pada masa konflik dan berlanjut hingga kini. Tesis ini menemukan dua hal, yakni secara teoritis, adanya integrasi pendekatan human security PBB dengan lensa gender dalam isu kekerasan seksual dalam konflik. Secara empiris, CAVR bukanlah implementasi gagasan revolusioner teori feminisme radikal kultural. Mobilitas CAVR hanya merekomendasikan proses peradilan bagi milisi pro-integrasi di Timor Leste tetapi kurang menargetkan militer Indonesia sebagai pelaku utama kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan Timor Leste pada masa konflik.

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This paper criticizes UN human security approach through the implementation of UN Security Council resolution 1325 on sexual violence issue (rape and sexual slavery) in Timor Leste during the conflict (1975-1999). The method used is literature study with CAVR Chega document as reference for data on sexual violence in Timor Leste during the conflict. The theory used is cultural radical feminism which emphasizes three basic concepts, patriarchal culture, power and oppression impacted on revolutionary ideas to end oppression. The author show gender mainstreaming process in Timor Leste UN peace operations (UNTAET) as the implementation of resolution 1325 and the implications for the foundation of CAVR Commission that failed to change culture of silence caused by patriarchal culture. This silent culture of East Timorese women promotes impunity for perpetrators of sexual assault in Timor Leste during conflict period. This paper discovers two main things: theoretically, the integration of the UN human security approach with gender lens in sexual violence issue during conflict. Empirically, CAVR is not the implementation of revolutionary idea based on cultural radical feminism theory. The CAVR's mobility urges judicial process for pro-integration militias in Timor Leste but lacked demanding on Indonesian military as main perpetrator of sexual violence against East Timorese women during the conflict"

"[ABSTRAKKondisi human security bagi perempuan dan anak, maupun ketahanan keluarga rentan tidak terpenuhi dalam perkawinan siri. Penelitian kualitatif ini mencoba untuk mengetahui bagaimana persepsi dan bagaimana bentuk perlindungan yang diberikan negara dalam mengatasi dampak yang timbul dari perkawinan siri. Melalui wawancara mendalam yang dilakukan dengan institusi negara di bidang kependudukan, perkawinan, perlindungan perempuan dan anak, diketahui bahwa negara melarang perkawinan siri karena tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum yang membuat negara sulit untuk dapat melakukan perlindungan. Isbat nikah menjadi solusi untuk memperoleh status perkawinan yang sah, sehingga perempuan dan anak dapat memperoleh haknya sebagai anggota keluarga, sebagai warga negara, mencapai kondisi human security, dan ketahanan keluarga.

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ABSTRACTHuman security for women and children, also family resilience are vulnerable not fulfilled in siri marriage. This qualitative research is trying to determine how perceptions and how a form of protection given by the state in overcoming the effects of siri marriage. Through in-depth interviews were conducted with state institutions in the field of demography, marriages, protection of women and children, it is known that the state prohibits siri marriage because it has no legal power that makes it difficult for state to be able to do the protection. Isbat nikah could to be the solution to obtain a legal marriage status, so that women and children can obtain their rights as family members, as citizens, achieving human security conditions, and achiecing the family resilience., Human security for women and children, also family resilience are vulnerable not fulfilled in siri marriage. This qualitative research is trying to determine how perceptions and how a form of protection given by the state in overcoming the effects of siri marriage. Through in-depth interviews were conducted with state institutions in the field of demography, marriages, protection of women and children, it is known that the state prohibits siri marriage because it has no legal power that makes it difficult for state to be able to do the protection. Isbat nikah could to be the solution to obtain a legal marriage status, so that women and children can obtain their rights as family members, as citizens, achieving human security conditions, and achiecing the family resilience.]"

"Indonesia currently faces multidimensional threats, from small to large, concerning all aspects of the country's life, from ideology, politics, economics, social, culture, defense, and security. The nature of contemporary threat has a human security aspect rather than only state security. As such, a thorough effort is needed to deal with those Threats, Disruption, Obstacle, Challenge (TDOC). State defense can be the answer to such problems because state defense itself can be interpreted as an obligation and responsibility of citizens to maintain the existence and sovereignty of the state. State defense will be optimal if disseminated through formal education. In this case, the formal education in question is at the level of higher education. This paper proposes that state defense can be held at higher education level in the form of university compulsory course, and is organized under the name State Defense Education. This State Defense Education is not military education or conscription, but an education that is adjusted to the condition and nuance of higher education."

"Indonesia currently faces multidimensional threats, from small to large, concerning all aspects of the country's life, from ideology, politics, economics, social, culture, defense, and security. The nature of contemporary threat has a human security aspect rather than only state security. As such, a thorough effort is needed to deal with those Threats, Disruption, Obstacle, Challenge (TDOC). State defense can be the answer to such problems because state defense itself can be interpreted as an obligation and responsibility of citizens to maintain the existence and sovereignty of the state. State defense will be optimal if disseminated through formal education. In this case, the formal education in question is at the level of higher education. This paper proposes that state defense can be held at higher education level in the form of university compulsory course, and is organized under the name State Defense Education. This State Defense Education is not military education or conscription, but an education that is adjusted to the condition and nuance of higher education."

"Meningkatnya kebutuhan berbagai negara di dunia akan CPO berdampak pada meningkatnya tekanan terhadap produksi buah kelapa sawit. Konflik yang terjadi antara Korporasi dan masyarakat adat Suku Anak Dalam di Batang Hari merupakan konflik yang terjadi akibat perebutan akses terhadap sumber daya alam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang ditujukan untuk menganalisis hubungan pemerintah, korporasi dan masyarakat dalam penyelesaian konflik yang terjadi antara PT. Asiatic Persada dan masyarakat adat suku anak dalam.Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa dalam perspektif ekologi politik, konflik yang terjadi merupakan konflik dalam memperebutkan akses terhadap sumber daya yang membuat masyarakat menjadi landless dan termarjinalkan secara ekonomi dan sosial. Hubungan antara tiga aktor yang terlibat langsung dalam konflik memperlihatkan perusahaan lebih mendominasi dan berkuasa atas pemerintah dan masyarakat.

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With the growing number of demands from nations across the globe for Crude Palm Oil is bringing result on the increase of pressure to the production of palm fruit. The conflict happened between corporation and indigenous people, suku anak dalam, in Batang Hari is a contest for the access to natural resource. This research was conducted by using qualitative method which inted to analyze the relation among government, corporation and society in resolving conflict between PT. Asiatic Persada and indigenous people, suku anak dalam.

The result of research reveals that in ecological politic perspective, the conflict occurred as the result of the contest for the access to natural resource which made suku anak dalam become landless dan marginalized economically and socially. The relation among the three stakeholders involved in conflict shows that corporation is more dominating and become more powerful than government and society."

"Human security : securing East Asia’s future timely examines the fundamental issues causing human insecurities and evaluates the extent of which human security plays a role at the state and regional levels. Covering the different areas of threats to humans and applying case study materials, this volume provides an intellectual mix of perspectives that captures the relationship between people, state and region. "

"Tulisan ini akan mencoba memahami bagaimana istilah human security dipahami dalam konteks studi keamanan internasional dari 3 sudut pandang: human security sebagai Hak Asasi Manusia, human security sebagai freedom from fear, dan human security sebagai freedom from want. Human security sebagai Hak Asasi Manusia menekankan pada pentingnya diseminasi norma HAM yang diwujudkan dalam bentuk agenda human security serta peran berbagai aktor dalam upaya diseminasi norma tersebut. Human security sebagai freedom from fear menekankan perlindungan terhadap manusia dari situasi konflik serta justifikasi terhadap intervensi kemanusiaan. Sedangkan human security sebagai freedom from want menekankan perlindungan terhadap martabat dan pemberdayaan manusia melalui program pembangunan. Analisis juga meliputi bagaimana kontribusi human security bagi studi keamanan serta penjajaran perbedaan kedua konsep tersebut. Tulisan ini berargumen bahwa human security memperkaya khasanah kajian keamanan internasional dengan memperluas agenda keamanan dan pengadopsian agenda normatif. Selain itu, tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa meskipun diklaim sebagai perusak koherensi intelektual kajian keamanan, konsep human security tetap relevan dalam studi keamanan internasional karena konsep tersebut berorientasi pada pembuatan kebijakan. Pada praktiknya, konsep human security digunakan sebagai jargon dalam mempromosikan agenda keamanan dan pembangunan oleh institusi internasional seperti PBB serta negara middle power seperti Kanada dan Jepang.

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This paper aims to seek how human security is understood from 3 standpoints human security as human rights, human security as freedom from fear, and human security as freedom from want. Human security as human rights emphasizes dissemination of human rights norms manifested in the form of human security agenda and the role of various actors in the dissemination of the norms. Human Security as freedom from fear emphasizes protection of the people in conflict situations and justification towards humanitarian intervention agenda. Meanwhile, human security as freedom from want emphasizes the protection of human dignity and human empowerment through development program. It also highlights the contribution of human security to security studies as well as juxtaposition of the two concepts.

This paper argues that human security has enriched the repertoire of security studies by expanding the scope of security and adopting normative agenda. This paper concludes that although human security is claimed to be damaging to intellectual coherence of security studies, the concept itself remains relevant in international security studies due to its policy orientedness. In practice, human security is used as a jargon in promoting security and development agenda by international insitutions such as the United Nations as well as middle power countries such as Canada and Japan."