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"The main theme of this book is that the attainment of universal human rights required heroic struggle, first by individuals and then by ever-increasing numbers of people who supported those views against the major his. This book argues that this struggle for national rights has been practically and logically contradictory with the struggle for universal rights. It would only be otherwise if there were free migration and access to citizenship on demand by anybody. "

"This book presents a unique collection of the most relevant perspectives in contemporary human rights philosophy. Different intellectual traditions are brought together to explore some of the core postmodern issues challenging standard justifications. Widely accessible also to non experts, contributions aim at opening new perspectives on the state of the art of the philosophy of human rights. The book is internally organized around three central themes, an introduction to theories of rights and their relation to values, a set of contributions presenting some of the most influential contemporary strategies, and finally a number of articles evaluating those empirical challenges springing from the implementation of human rights. "

"The law on human rights court has brought the new hopes for certain people have suffered because of the human rights violation happened in the past government (before the law enacted in the years of 2000). The demand for justice does not only focus on human rights violations, which occurred in the past but also similar human rights violations that will occur in the future. The existence of a permanent Human Rights Court seems to imply that human rights will be upheld and protected. The resolution of past human rights violations through extra-judicial organizations is an advanced step towards resolving the case, whereas a conflict approach can be used to settle the case. The existence of the Human Rights Law provides a new frontier in implementing the principle of restorative justice in the approach of case settlement. It is hoped that such restorative justice can create a political balance between the past and the future.

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Undang-undang tentang Pengadilan HAM telah membawa harapan baru bagi orang-orang tertentu yang menderita karena pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang terjadi dalam pemerintahan masa lalu (sebelum hukum diberlakukan pada tahun 2000). Tuntutan keadilan tidak hanya fokus pada pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang terjadi di masa lalu, tetapi juga pada pelanggaran HAM serupa yang akan terjadi di masa depan. Keberadaan Pengadilan HAM permanen tampaknya menyiratkan bahwa hak asasi manusia akan dijunjung tinggi dan dilindungi. Resolusi pelanggaran HAM masa lalu melalui organisasi ekstra-yudisial merupakan langkah maju menuju penyelesaian kasus ini, sedangkan pendekatan konflik dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan kasus ini. Keberadaan UU Hak Asasi Manusia memberikan sebuah perbatasan baru dalam melaksanakan prinsip keadilan restoratif dalam pendekatan penyelesaian kasus. Diharapkan bahwa keadilan restoratif tersebut dapat menciptakan keseimbangan politik antara masa lalu dan masa depan."

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Penuntasan pelanggaran HAM berat masa lalu bagi masyarakat Aceh begitu penting untuk segera dirumuskan dan dilaksanakan. Kepentingan tersebut tidak hanya untuk menjawab hak korban yang mengalami pelanggaran HAM berat ataupun mengadili pelakunya, namun penting untuk menata kembali masa depan masyarakat Aceh. Penelitian ini disusun sebagai penelitian normatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, sejarah dan perbandingan.  Dengan melihat perspektif sejarah, pengetahuan atau teori yang sudah ada mengenai pelaksanaan kebijakan Penuntasan kasus pelanggaran HAM berat di Provinsi Aceh, hingga saat ini tidak ada kemajuan apapun dalam penaganan kasus pelanggaran HAM di Aceh. Dianulirnya Undang-Undang KKR Tahun 2004 dan penundaan pembentukan Komisi Kebenaran dan Rekonsiliasi, membuat Qanun No. 17 Tahun 2013 tentang KKR Aceh tidak jelas keberadaanya. Keberadaan KKR Aceh, hendaknya menjadi solusi dari kekerasan yang panjang sekaligus jalan hukum demi menegakkan keadilan, dimana setiap permasalahan yang dihadapi harus dicarikan solusi bijak, bukan malah menunda-nunda untuk diselesaikan. Presiden sebagai Kepala Negara seharusnya memberikan akan kejelasan terhadap batas waktu Penuntasan pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia pada masa lalu agar terciptanya kepastian hukum bagi para korban pelanggaran HAM berat itu.

 

 

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The resolution of past gross human rights violations for the Acehnese people is so important to be formulated and implemented immediately. The importance is not only to answer the rights of victims who experience gross human rights violations or try the perpetrators, but it is important to reorganize the future of the Acehnese people. It is a normative study, using a legal, conceptual, historical, and comparison approach. By looking at the existing historical, knowledge or theoretical perspectives on the implementation of the policy of resolving cases of the gross human rights violations in Aceh Province, until now there has been no progress in handling cases of human rights violations in Aceh. The annulment of the 2004 The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (KKR) Law and the postponement of the establishment of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission make the existence of Qanun (Islamic Bylaw) No. 17 of 2013 concerning KKR Aceh is not clear. The existence of the Aceh KKR should be a solution to long violence as well as a legal way to uphold justice, where every problem faced must be found a wise solution rather than delaying it to be resolved. The President as Head of State should provide clarity on the deadline for completing violations of human rights in the past in order to create legal certainty for victims of gross violations.

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"Enforced disappearance or involuntary disappearance is a method used by the authority of state to vanish the unwanted actors in society by doing some act like arresting without justifiable warrant or even kidnapping. The main factor of this act is the implementation of national security doctrine based on political consideration. This illegal act is not just against human rights, furthermore it makes the existence human being as a person vanish, as a result, law does not be able !o provide protection guarantee. This existing illegal acts done by some government toward their inferiors are the reason why international law provides protection to society by declaring the enforced disappearance as a serious crime against fundamental rights in some international instrument such as Declaration on the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance and Inter-American Convention on Forced Disappearance. Since 1999, United Nations Commission in Human Rights has produced Draft International Convention on the Protection of All Persons from Forced Disappearance. This article addresses those issue with the picture of cases happened in Indonesia."