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"ABSTRAKPenulisan ini membahas mengenai bentuk dari wagashi sebagai cerminan dari harmonisnya hubungan manusia Jepang dengan alam. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi pustaka, selanjutnya metode analisa kualitatif. Budaya merupakan suatu sistem yang menghubungkan antara manusia dengan lingkungan alamnya. Hubungan manusia Jepang dengan alam adalah harmonis dan bersatu padu. Bagi manusia Jepang, alam adalah teman manusia, bukan untuk ditaklukan atau dikuasai. Berdasarkan ajaran dari kepercayaan mereka, alam dan manusia memiliki kesamaan, yaitu diberkati oleh roh yang sama. Orang Jepang sangat mencintai alam sehingga mereka berusaha hidup dekat dengan alam dengan cara mewujudkan objek- objek alam ke dalam bentuk miniatur. Hubungan yang harmonis ini telah menjadi bagian penting dari kebudayaan Jepang. Wagashi adalah manisan tradisional Jepang. Wagashi bukan hanya sebuah manisan, tetapi wagashi sebuah esensi dari kebudayaan Jepang dan selaras dengan alam sehingga dapat dirasakan setiap perubahan kecil yang terjadi di alam Wagashi dengan bentuk objek alam disajikan dalam upacara minum teh dan ritual keagamaan di Jepang. Bentuk, warna, aroma dan nama dari wagashi ini memiliki esensi sebagai simbol pergantian musim dan cerminan keharmonisan hubungan manusia Jepang dengan alam.

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ABSTRACTThe writer discusses the form of wagashi as a reflection of harmony relationship between Japanese man with nature. Methods of collecting data used in this research are to study literature, and further qualitative analysis method. Culture is a system that connects human and natural environment. Japanese human rsquo s relationship with nature is harmonious and united. For Japanese people, nature is a friend of man, not to be conquered or controlled. Based on the teachings of their religion, nature and man have something in common, which is that both of them are blessed by the same spirit. Japanese people love nature so they try to live close to nature by creating objects of nature in miniature form. This harmonious relationship has become an important part of Japanese culture. Wagashi is a Japanese traditional sweets. Wagashi is not just a confectioner, but it is an essence of Japanese culture and in harmony with nature so every little change that occurs in nature can be felt. Wagashi in the form of natural objects are presented in tea ceremonies and religious rites in Japan. The Shape, color, aroma and name of wagashi have an essence as a symbol of seasonal changes and the reflection of harmony between Japanese human and nature."

"Women and nature have a bonding which reflect the connectedness between humans and non-humans. The exploitation of women affects nature and vice-versa. The novels Entrok, written by Okky Madasari, Tarian Bumi by Oka Rusmini, and Trilogi Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk by Ahmad Tohari narrate the experiences of women struggling to survive in cultures dominated by the patriarchal system. This article uses qualitative research methods to describe data about the women’s experiences of their encounters with exploitation in these three novels. All data were decoded using the ecofeminism theory. The results show that their nurturing character is a power in the spirituality of women, and it was used in patriarchal systems. The notion of feminization, which preserves both nurture and love, proved insufficient for this purpose as it objectifies women and weakens the struggle. To strengthen the advancement of women, it is important to develop the ethical relationship between humans and nature."

"As human beings, we are fascinated by what makes us tick. We know that nature gave us certain biological appetites to ensure our survival, among those the need for water, food, sex, and love, but meeting these alone is not enough to ensure happiness. Scientists, and now managers, are realizing that people have a biological need to experience social rewards like praise, the thrill of innovation, and the satisfaction of acquiring new skills. To succeed, every manager needs to realize that work must provide more than just a paycheck and that quenching these social appetites is the key to creating passionate emloyees whose productivity blows away the bottom line. Primal Management is the first book to bring together the five impulses at the core of human motivation (innovation, competency, attaining goals, cooperation, and self-protection). It reveals that to drive employees, the workplace has to satisfy these appetites, and offers practical tips on how to do it and metrics for measuring success. Respected consultant Paul Herr explodes the myth that emotions have no place on the job and explores how this belief actually harms employee performance. Using examples of companies that have benefited from the principles of primal management, he shows how businesses can measure their emotional health, address areas where they don't engage employees, and increase productivity by boosting the emotional paycheck. Based on groundbreaking scientific research, this book will change the way we inspire our people and show how fulfilled employees lead to incredibly profitable businesses."

"For hundreds of years people have debated what a human is. Some claim humans are those with human DNA. Some claim humans are those with certain traits like rationality. Others say humans are those who are made in the image of God. Scholars in this debate think that if society accepts the wrong definition of a human, people will look at their neighbor as more of an animal, object, or machine-making maltreatment more likely. Despite their seriousness, these claims have never been empirically investigated. This book focuses on human rights as exemplary treatment, and shows that the definitions of a human promoted by biologists and philosophers actually are associated with less support for human rights. Those members of the public who agree with these definitions are less willing to sacrifice to stop genocides, and are more supportive of buying organs from poor people, experimenting on prisoners against their will, torturing people to potentially save lives, and having terminally ill people commit suicide to save money. It appears that the critics are right. However, few Americans agree with these definitions of a human, and looking at how most of the public defines a human, we see a much more nuanced picture, and the presently dominant definitions of a human are unlikely to lead to human rights abuses. Therefore, the critics are right about the definitions of a human promoted by academic biologists and philosophers, but because few Americans agree with these views, concern about widespread maltreatment is overblown."

"This volume gives evidence for the unity of knowledge in evolutionary biology, the evolutionary social sciences, and the evolutionary humanities. It contains 14 separately authored essays, a foreword by Alice Dreger, a theoretical introduction by Joseph Carroll, and afterwords by David Sloan Wilson and Jonathan Gottschall. Edward O. Wilson, Christopher Boehm, Herbert Gintis, Michael Rose, and Henry Harpending discuss human social evolution. Barbara Oakley integrates psychology and engineering. Dan P. McAdams delineates a model of human identity, and Carroll and his collaborators use a similar model for a quantitative study of Victorian novels. Ellen Dissanayake and John Hawks probe the mystery behind the markings ancient humans made on stones. Brian Boyd uses cognitive psychology to analyze poetry and comics. Catherine Salmon and Mathias Clasen use evolutionary psychology to explain salient genres of popular culture: horror fiction, professional wrestling, romance novels, and male adventure novels."