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"Buku yang berjudul Ergativnaya konstruktsiya v yazykax razlichnyx tipov ini ditulis oleh Ivan Ivanovich Meshhaninov. Buku ini membahas tentang etimologi di dalam beberapa tipe bahasa Rusia yang berbeda."

"ABSTRACTTopik penelitian ini adalah Arabismen dalam bahasa Jerman dengan korpus data Artikel Berbahasa Jerman Rubrik Leben und Lernen Situs Spiegel Online Bulan Agustus 2016. Masalah penelitiannya adalah Arabismen bentuk kata yang ditemukan dan bagaimana perubahan makna yang terjadi setelah masuk ke dalam bahasa Jerman. Tujuan penelitiannya adalah mengklasifikasikan Arabismen ke dalam jenis peminjaman dan menganalisis perubahan makna yang terjadi. Arabismen dalam bahasa Jerman dikaji secara etimologis untuk dapat menentukan pengklasfikasian Arabismen dalam jenis peminjaman. Selanjutnya Arabismen dibandingkan maknanya melalui kamus eka bahasa Arab dan Arab-Jerman dengan kamus eka bahasa Jerman untuk mengetahui adanya perubahan makna. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa terdapat 20 Arabismen dalam bahasa Jerman yang mengalami perubahan makna 17 penyempitan makna, 7 perluasan makna dan 2 bermakna baru dan 4 Arabismen bermakna tetap. Beberapa di antaranya mengalami perubahan makna yang besar dan hampir tidak kenali berasal dari bahasa Arab.

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ABSTRACTThe topic of this research is Arabismen in German with corpus data German Article Rubric Leben und Lernen website Spiegel Online June September 2016. The research problem is form of Arabismen and how the change of meaning that occurs after entry into German. The aim of this research is to classify Arabismen into the type of borrowing and analyze the change in meaning that occurs. Arabismen in German is examined etymologically to determine the clarification of Arabismen in the type of borrowing. Further Arabismen compared its meaning through the Arabic and Arabic language dictionary with a German language dictionary to recognize any change in meaning. The study found that there are 20 Arabismen in German which have changed meaning 17 narrowing of meaning, 7 extension meaning and 2 completely new meaning and 4 Arabismen have same meaning in Arabic. Some of them experienced a great change of meaning and almost did not unknown come from Arabic."

"Nama geografi memainkan peran penting dalam menghubungkan nilai-nilai warisan budaya takbenda dengan identitas dan karakteristik suatu kota. Selain itu, potensi pusaka yang terkandung dalam nama geografi turut memperkuat identitas Kota Bogor sebagai kota pusaka. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik dan tipologi nama geografi, mensintesa perubahan nama geografi dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan tersebut, serta merumuskan pola spasial temporal nama geografi di Kawasan Pusaka Budaya Kota Bogor. Nama geografi beserta informasi penunjangnya diperoleh dari berbagai sumber seperti, artikel, dokumen resmi, arsip sejarah, kamus, peta Bogor multitemporal tahun 1880 hingga 2023. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan wawancara dan observasi lapangan. Analisis data menggunakan pendekatan etimologi, sejarah, dan spasial untuk mengungkap makna nama geografi, jenis dan alasan perubahan nama geografi, serta distribusi temporalnya. Hasil klasifikasi dan tipologi menunjukkan bahwa nama geografi historis didominasi oleh nama geografi descriptive dan copied, sementara nama geografi kini didominasi oleh nama geografi descriptive dan eponymous. Nama geografi descriptive umumnya terdapat pada objek bangunan pemerintahan, fasilitas penelitian, dan fasilitas pendidikan yang terkonsentrasi di Kawasan Permukiman Eropa dan Kawasan Perluasan Barat, yang merupakan kawasan dekat pusat pemerintahan. Nama geografi copied dan eponymous sebagian besar ditemui pada objek jalan di hampir seluruh Kawasan Pusaka Budaya Kota Bogor. Faktor politik, perubahan fungsi, dan perubahan status muncul sebagai merupakan alasan utama perubahan nama geografi di seluruh Kawasan Pusaka Budaya Kota Bogor. Perubahan nama geografi yang dilatarbelakangi faktor politik lebih banyak diterapkan hodonim (nama jalan), menunjukkan bahwa jalan memiliki peran signifikan dalam mencerminkan kekuatan politik dan menyampaikan pesan penghargaan. Jenis perubahan nama dan perubahan terikat merupakan yang dominan di Kawasan Permukiman Eropa dan Kawasan Perluasan Barat. Pola sebaran nama geografi di Kawasan Pusaka Budaya Kota Bogor untuk hodonim memiliki pola acak, sementara oikodonim (nama bangunan) memiliki pola acak pada masa kolonial 1 hingga kolonal 2, dan berubah menjadi pola mengelompok mulai masa kolonial 3 hingga kini.

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The geographical names play a crucial role in connecting the values of intangible cultural heritage with the identity and characteristics of a city. Moreover, the potential heritage embedded in geographical names also reinforces the identity of Bogor City as a heritage city. This research aims to analyze the characteristics and typology of geographical names, synthesize changes in geographical names and their influencing factors, and formulate the spatial-temporal patterns of geographical names in the Cultural Heritage Area of Bogor City. Geographical names and their supporting information were obtained from various sources, such as articles, official documents, historical archives, dictionaries, and Bogor multitemporal maps, from 1880 to 2023. The research also incorporated interviews and field observations. Data analysis utilized etymological, historical, and spatial approaches to reveal the meanings of geographical names, the types and reasons for changes in geographical names, and their temporal distribution. The results of classification and typology indicate that historical geographical names are predominantly descriptive and copied, while contemporary geographical names are mostly descriptive and eponymous. Descriptive geographical names are commonly associated with government buildings, research facilities, and educational facilities concentrated in the European Settlement Area and the West Expansion Area, which are near the center of government. Copied and eponymous geographical names are predominantly found on street objects throughout the Cultural Heritage Area of Bogor City. Political factors, functional changes, and status changes emerge as the main reasons for geographical name changes throughout the Cultural Heritage Area of Bogor City. Changes in geographical names influenced by political factors are frequently implemented in hodonyms (street names), underscoring the significant role of streets in reflecting political power and conveying messages of appreciation. Types of name changes and bound changes are dominant in the European Settlement Area and the West Expansion Area. The distribution pattern of geographical names in the Cultural Heritage Area of Bogor City for hodonyms follows a random pattern, while oikonyms (building names) follow a random pattern from period colonial 1 to colonial 2 and transition to a clustered pattern from period colonial 3 to the present."

"Frederick de Houtman’s Malagasy language material (1603) consists of a wordlist and short prose texts. It represents a dialect spoken more than four hundred years ago in the Antongil Bay region on Madagascar’s northeast coast, which does not have a documented modern descendant. This chapter investigates Malay and (to a lesser extent) Javanese loanwords found in this material. Most of these loanwords are demonstrably old and can be dated to an era preceding the Malagasy migrations to eastern Africa thirteen centuries ago. They provide invaluable insights into the world of the early migrants to Madagascar and the degree of their exposure to major civilizations in insular Southeast Asia before their departure from Borneo. Another important aspect of these loanwords is that they hold unique information about Malay and Javanese lexical history. Finally, that Houtman’s material represents Madagascar’s oldest historiolect only adds to the appeal of these data."

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang proses morfologis penulisan kata benda yang berasal dari kata serapan bahasa asing ke dalam bahasa Rusia di bidang kuliner. Analisis skripsi ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis yaitu memaparkan data yang akan dianalis kemudian menganalisisnya dengan teori kata benda oleh Savko. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini digunakan tiga buah kamus etimologi serta delapan buah kamus fonetis untuk mengetahui pelafalan kata-kata serapan yang penulis peroleh dari sumber data. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari majalah dan jurnal kuliner online. Hal ini menjadi sebuah penelitian yang menarik untuk diteliti karena kita dapat mengetahui proses penulisan kata benda serapan asing dengan melakukan penelusuran secara etimologis, sehingga dapat diketahui sejauh mana penggunaan kata serapan di bidang kuliner di Rusia saat ini.

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This mini thesis discusses about the morphological process of writing a noun derived from the borrowed word into Russian language in the culinary field. Analysis of this research uses descriptive analytical method that is describing the data to be analyzed and then analyze it with the noun word theory by Savko. In conducting this research used three etymology dictionary and eight phonetic dictionary to know the pronunciation of words that the author absorption obtained from the data source. Source of data used in this study consisted of culinary magazines and journals online. This becomes an interesting research to be investigated because we are able to know the process of writing the noun borrowed word by doing a research in etymology, so we can know the extent to which use of the borrowed word in the culinary field in Russia today."

"ABSTRAKPlace names play a vital role in human society. Names exist in all languages and place names are an indispensible part of international communication. This has been acknowledged by the establishment of the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN). One of UNGEGN?s tasks is to coordinate international efforts on the proper use of place names. Indonesia supports this effort and through its National Geospatial Agency (BIG). Place names are also of interest as an object of study in themselves. Academic studies into place names are found in linguistics, onomastics, philosophy and a number of other academic disciplines. This article looks at these two dimensions of place names, standardization efforts under the auspices of international and national bodies, and academic studies of names, with particular reference to the situation in Indonesia."