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" A critical appraisal of why environmental policies fail and succeed, Environmental Policymaking and Stakeholder Collaboration provides policy makers with the keys to navigating complicated environmental issues and stakeholder negotiations. It covers theories in environmental policymaking and stakeholder management, compares and contrasts failed and successful process and policy, and includes practical guidelines and tools for the practitioner --More than just a theoretical examination, the book presents an extensive tool kit of more than 70 practical and applied ideas to guide the implementation of inclusive stakeholder collaboration. These ideas can be used by governments and organizations to improve decision making and ensure that stakeholders and the general public have a say in public policy. The book covers theories of stakeholder collaboration, building an understanding of why stakeholder collaboration is simultaneously critical for effective policymaking and why it is so challenging --While the focus of this book is on environmental policymaking, the theories and tools can be applied to any issue. Government cannot be expected to solve our public problems in isolation: we must ensure that diverse interests are heard and represented in the policymaking process. This book is more than just a theoretical treatise about stakeholder collaboration; it is also a collection of applied and practical tools to ensure that collaboration is put into practice in ways that are effective and meaningful. It helps people with a passion for the environment understand how to get their voices heard and helps governments understand how to listen"

"Peradaban manusia di abad ke-21 terancam runtuh akibat ulahnya sendiri. Melalui buku ini, Jared Diamond memberi ancar-ancar bagaimana menghindari keruntuhan itu sebelum terjadi.Diamond memberi contoh berbagai kasus keruntuhan peradaban di masa lalu dan musababnya. Ia menyodorkan hal yang telah mempengaruhi kelestarian atau keruntuhan peradaban, yakni kerusakan lingkungan, perubahan iklim, pengaruh peradaban musuh, pengaruh peradaban sahabat, dan yang terpenting adalah cara masyarakat itu sendiri menanggapi masalah lingkungan.Buku ini merupakan pasangan Guns, Germ & Steel yang menceritakan hal-hal apa saja yang melahirkan, membela, dan membesarkan peradaban Barat"

"Achieving climate justice is increasingly recognized as one of the key problems associated with climate change, helping us to determine how good or bad the effects of climate change are, and whether any harms are fairly distributed. The numerous and complex issues which climate change involves underline the need for a normative framework that allows us both to assess the dangers that we face and to create a just distribution of the costs of action. This collection of original essays by leading scholars sheds new light on the key problems of climate justice, offering innovative treatments of a range of issues including international environmental institutions, geoengineering, carbon budgets, and the impact on future generations. It will be a valuable resource for researchers and upper-level students of ethics, environmental studies, and political philosophy."

"Baku mutu yang lebih longgar dan seringkali lebih murah serta lebih realistis bagi negara berkembang mengandung resiko lebih tinggi terhadap lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat sehingga sedikit para pembuat keputusan yang mau merekomendasikan tingkat resiko yang lebih tinggi daripada yang digunakan negara industri (maju).Dengan pertimbangan bahwa negara maju tidak memulai program perlindungan lingkungan mereka dengan standard seperti saat ini, maka seharusnya negara berkembang tidak perlu menetapkan baku mutu seketat negara maju saat ini.Evolusi suatu negara dari negara berkembang menjadi negara maju memperihatkan pola bahwa meningkatnya kondisi kesehatan masyarakat dan sosial ekonomi negara tersebut diikuti dengan bertambah ketatnya baku mutu lingkungan negara tersebut. Dengan demikian apabila suatu negara memiliki nilai kondisi kesehalan masyarakat dan sosial ekonomi yang sama dengan negara lain maka nilai baku mutu lingkungan kedua negara tersebut akan sama. Lohani (1993) meneliti mengenai indikator dalam penentuan baku mutu lingkungan. Indikator tersebut adalah Angka harapan hidup (X1), Angka Kematian Bayi (X2), Angka Kematian Akibat TBC dan Kanker (X3), Angka Kematian Akibat Typhus dan Paralyphus (X4), Laju Pertumbuhan Penduduk (X5), GNP perkapita (X6), Aset per kapila (X7), Upah Buruh Mingguan (Xs), Konsumsi Listrik per Kapita (Xs), dan Jumlah Pegawai Negeri (X1o). Dalam penelitian ini indikator (X1) sampai (X4) dikelompokkan sebagai kondisi kesehalan masyarakat dan indikator (Xs) sampai (X1o) dikelompokkan sebagai kondisi sosial ekonomi.Berdasarkan latar belakang diatas maka masalah penelitian ini dapat dirumuskan sebagai: (1) Berapa nilai baku mutu lingkungan di Indonesia yang sesuai dengan kondisi kesehatan masyarakat dan sosial ekonominya bila dibandingkan dengan negara lain yang lebih maju? (2) Apakah baku mutu yang ditetapkan di Indonesia terlalu ketat bila dihubungkan dengan kondisi kesehatan masyarakat dan sosial ekonominya? Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) membandingkan baku mutu air permukaan antara beberapa negara Asia Tenggara yang memiliki kondisi kesehatan masyarakat dan sosial ekonominya sama dengan kondisi Indonesia pada tahun 1999 dan 2000 (berdasarkan PP No. 20 tahun 1990 dan PP No. 82 tahun 2001), mengkaji ketat atau tidaknya baku mutu lingkungan di Indonesia bila dihubungkan dengan kondisi kesehatan masyarakat dan sosial ekonominya. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut metode penelitian terbagi dalam lima tahapan yakni (1) melihat hubungan antara baku mutu dengan indikator penentuan baku mutu berdasarkan penelitian Lohani (1993) (2) menentukan negara pembanding (3) menentukan tahun acuan (4) membandingkan baku mutu air permukaan (5) mengkaji baku mutu air permukaan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bersifat ex post facto tipe korelasional dengan menggunakan perbandingan antara indikator penentuan baku mutu lingkungan di Indonesia dengan negara-negara Asia Tenggara di masa lalu. Variabel terikat yang digunakan adalah baku mutu air permukaan. Sementara data yang digunakan adalah data kuantitatif dan runtun waktu dari berbagai sumber yang telah dipublikasikan seperti Recent trends in Health Statistics in Southeast Asia 1974-1993, Key indicators of Asia Development Bank 1970-2000, dan Yearbook of Labour Statistics 1974-1993.Hipotesis penelitian ini dirumuskan sebagai berikut: (1) Perbandingan baku mutu lingkungan di beberapa negara akan sama apabila kondisi kesehatan masyarakat dan sosial ekonominya sama (2) Baku mutu lingkungan yang ditetapkan di Indonesia terlalu ketat bila dibandingkan kondisi kesehatan masyarakat dan sosial ekonominya. Dengan menggunakan data penelitian dari Lohani dan dianalisis dengan SPSS versi 10.0. hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa 48% perbedaan dalam penentuan batas baku mutu disebabkan oleh indikator penentuan baku mutu diatas. Dengan menggunakan interval kepercayaan sebesar 70%, indikator kematian akibat TBC dan kanker serta kematian akibat typhus dan paratyphus tidak signitikan, selain nilai korelasinya juga lemah (r c 0,5). Penelitian ini tidak secara khusus ditujukan untuk mendapatkan hubungan antara baku mutu dengan indikalor penentuan baku mutu, akan tetapi dibatasi untuk memperlihatkan bahwa indikalor tersebut cukup signilikan untuk digunakan sebagai perbandingan. Hasil uji hipotesis adalah sebagai berikut (1) hipotesis dapat diterima sebesar 64,29%, yang berarti bahwa baku mutu air permukaan di Indonesia sama dengan baku mutu air permukaan negara-negara di Asia Tenggara, (2) 55,56% dari baku mutu yang diterima oleh uji hipotesis diatas adalah lebih ketat, yang berarti bahwa baku mutu yang ditetapkan di Indonesia ketat bila dihubungkan dengan kondisi kesehatan masyarakat dan sosial ekonominya. Sedangkan baku mutu Indonesia tersebut adalah serupa dengan baku mutu negara Malaysia (antara tahun 1976-1977), Philipina (antara tahun 1990-1992), Singapura (antara tahun 1978-1981) dan Thailand (antara tahun 1990-1991).Berdasarkan analisis pengujian hipotesis dapat ditarik kesimpulan sebagai berikut:Baku mutu di Indonesia bila dibandingkan dengan negara lain di Asia Tenggara sudah sesuai dengan kondisi kesehatan masyarakat dan sosial ekonominya.Penentuan batas baku mutu air permukaan di Indonesia lebih ketat bila dihubungkan dengan kondisi kesehatan masyarakat dan sosial ekonominya.

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Lower and often cheaper, and as a consequence more realistic environmental standards for developing countries involve higher risks to the environment and public health. Therefore, few environmental policy makers are willing to recommend higher risk levels than used in developed countries.

Developed countries did not begin their environmental protection by applying high standards as using now. Therefore developing countries do not have to apply standards as high as developed countries do.

The evolution of a country from developing to developed country shows a pattern that the improvement of its public health and socio-economic conditions are followed by higher allowable limits of environmental quality standards.

Consequently, countries that have similar public health and socio economic conditions will have similar allowable limits of environmental quality standards. Lohani (1993) stated that there are indicators for setting environmental quality standards. The indicators are life expectancy level (Xi), infant mortality rate (X2), TBC and cancer death (X3), typhus and paratyphus death (X4), population (X5), GNP per capita (X6), asset per capita (X7), average weekly salary ()(a), electricity consumption per capita (X9), and federal employment (Xio). In this research those indicators are grouped as public health and socio-economic.

Based on the reasons above, the research problem can be formulated as: (1) what is the Indonesia allowable limits of surface water quality standards which appropriate to its public health and socio-economic conditions? (2) in relation to its public health and socio-economic conditions, are Indonesia allowable limits of surface water quality standards too high?

The objectives of the research are: (1) to compare environmental quality standards among South-east Asian countries which had the same level in public health and socio-economic conditions with Indonesia in 1999 and 2000 (refer to PP No. 20 1990 and PP No. 82 2001) (2) to evaluate Indonesia environmental quality standards in relation with its public health and socio-economic conditions.

To meet the objectives of the research, the methodology is divided into five stages i.e (1) to see the corelation between allowable limits of environmental quality standards with environmental quality standards setting indicators based on Lohani's (1993) (2) to select the comparable countries (3) to decide the reference years (4) to compare the surface water quality standards of selected countries with those of Indonesia (5) to review the allowable limits of Indonesia surface water quality standards.

This is an ex-post facto correlation type research. In this research the current Indonesia environmental quality standards are compared to those of South East Asian countries in the past. Independent variables which are setting environmental quality standard indicators. Data used in this research are quantitative and time series secondary data. Data were collected from some publication source such as Recent trends in Health Statistics in Southeast Asia 1974-1993, Key indicators of Asian Development Bank year 1970-2000, and Yearbook of labour statistics 1974-1993. While dependent variables are allowable limits of environmental quality standards in Indonesia.

Hypothetical research are formulated as follows (1) comparison of surface water quality standards allowable limits in some countries will be similar if they have similar conditions on public health and socio-economic (2) Indonesia surface water quality standards is too high compare with considering its public health and socio-economic conditions.

This research found that 48% in setting surface water quality standards could be explained by the above indicators. Using confidence level of 70%, indicator of TBC and cancer death also typhus and paratyphus death are not significant, beside the correlation are weak ( r < 0.5). This research is held not only to see the relationship between allowable limit quality standards and setting environmental quality standard indicators but also to show that those indicators are significant to be used for comparison.

Hypothetical analysis shows that hypothesis is accepted by 64,29%. It means that Indonesia surface water quality standards are appropriate with its public health and socio-economic conditions.

Hypothetical analysis for the second hypothesis shows that it is accepted by 55,56%. With reference to the criteria set before, it means that the surface water quality standards in Indonesia are too high.

The appropriate level of Indonesian allowable limits of environmental quality standards in 1999 and 2000 are similar to that of Malaysia during 1976-1977, Philippine 1990-1992, Singapore 1978-1981, and Thailand 1990-1991.

Based on the results of hypothesis analysis, here are the conclusions based on review both the PP No. 20 year 1990 and PP No. 82 year 2001:

Allowable limits of environmental quality standards in Indonesia are appropriate with its public health and socio-economic conditions if compare to other countries in Southeast Asian.

The setting of Indonesia surface water allowable limit quality standards are high related to its public health and socio-economic conditions."

"The author goes further to analyze the manner, speed and methods of landscape change, and examines the historical context and governing agendas that have had an impact on the relationship between Cuba’s inhabitants and their island. Gebelein also assesses the key role played by agricultural production in the framework of international trade required to sustain Cuba’s people and its economy. The book concludes with a review of current efforts by Cuban and other research scientists, as well as private investors, conservation managers and university professors who are involved in shaping Cuba’s evolving landscape and managing it during the country’s possible transition to a more politically diverse, enfranchised and open polity."

"In South Korea, policy tools and priorities are set at the national leveland are controlled through both budget allocations and audits conducted on anannual basis. I look at the degree to which local officials adapt their budget allocationsto address local rather than national concerns in securing better air quality,using three different theoretical models: principal-agent, representative bureaucracy,and democratic responsiveness. I raise questions about the degree of control aunitary state can exercise over local problems and how this is reflected in localpolicy choices, especially in areas where the national government?s zone ofindifference is large, such as environmental policy. Panel data across 5 years(2007 to 2012) and from 9 geographically and socioeconomically diverse areaswithin South Korea indicates that local officials respond to local environmentalconditions by allocating more resources when needed. I discuss the implicationsfor autonomy in a local policy space."

"This book gathers the main scientific outputs of POREEN, a four-year project on partnering opportunities between Europe and China in the renewable energy and environmental industries. It investigates the main challenges and opportunities related to Sino-European dialogue and cooperation in the green sector with a focus on sustainable growth."