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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bukti empiris tentang perilaku cost stickiness serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya pada perusahaan manufaktur. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi pooled least square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perilaku cost stickiness pada kategori biaya penjualan, administrasi, dan umum. Selain itu, faktor biaya penyesuaian perusahaan yang diukur dengan asset intensity dan employee intensity memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap tingkat cost stickiness. Kemudian, faktor target laba dan tingkat leverage memiliki pengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap tingkat cost stickiness. Namun, faktor management empire building incentive yang dinilai dengan free cash flow tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap tingkat cost stickiness.

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This research aims to provide the empirical evidence regarding cost stickiness behavior and its determinants on listed manufacturing companies. Hypothesis testing is performed using pooled least square method. The result concludes that there is cost stickiness behavior in selling, general and administrative costs. In term of determinants, firm specific adjustment costs measured by asset intensity and employee intensity have positive significant impact to the level of cost stickiness. Meanwhile, earnings target and leverage have negative significant impact to the level of cost stickiness. However, the management empire building incentive measured by free cash flow has no positive significant impact."

"Empire in the Hills explores the multiple perspectives underlying the aesthetics and spatial politics of development and policy making in different mountain sites of Simla, Darjeeling, Ootacamund, and Mount Abu in India during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Multiple voices, sometimes intersecting, sometimes contesting emerge throughout, transforming the nature of imperial discourse. A large number of hill stations were developed by the British in the Indian colony. Different desires, aspirations, and visions coexisted, marked by mutual paradoxes and ambivalences. It becomes evident that the English settlers of the nineteenth century cannot be considered a monolithic category. Hill spaces were reinvented to familiarize the unfamiliar to the Occident. The colonial authorities collected and preserved information about the hill people under the garb of benevolent paternalism. This authoritative knowledge was used to recast the hill communities according to their usefulness to the colonial capitalist enterprise. This book argues that there is a clear contestation of such representations. While the colonizers attempted to negate the presence of the locals, the latter on their part negotiated for their roles in these transitional times. The study also explores the aspect of institutionalization of leisure in the hillscape. The urban experience in the four stations led to a reorganization of spaces which reflected the cultural ethos of Europe. the book examines the hitherto unexplored linkages between Empire, space, and culture in the specific context of the colonial hill stations in India."

"This book examines the political and cultural impact of the French Revolution on Franco-Ottoman relations, as well as on the French communities of the Ottoman Empire. The French Revolution did not happen in metropolitan France alone; it also had a direct and immediate impact in other places in the world, and in particular in localities with strong ties with mainland France. The major trading cities of the Ottoman Empire were such a case, especially so because they were home to permanent French communities. Our current interpretation of revolutionary ideological expansionism is very much influenced by contemporary propaganda as well as the efforts to export the Revolution into the territories conquered by the revolutionary armies. Against all expectations, however, French revolutionaries in the Ottoman Empire exhibited neither a crusading mentality nor a heightened readiness to use force in order to achieve ideological goals. Instead, in matters of diplomacy as well as in the administration of French expatriate communities, revolutionary policies were applied in an extremely circumspect fashion. The focus on the effects of the French regime change outside of France offers valuable new insights into the revolutionary process itself, which revises common assumptions about French revolutionary diplomatic practice. In addition, a close look at the establishment of the new political culture of the French Revolution within the transcultural context of the French expatriate communities of the Ottoman Empire serves as a thought-provoking point of comparison for the emergence and development of French revolutionary political culture."

"This book demonstrates that ordinary, often illiterate colonial subjects of the Spanish empire were among the Enlightenments most adept practitioners. Broadly situated within postcolonial debates about the Enlightenment and modernity, it employs approaches from comparative social science, intellectual history, and legal history to demonstrate that, at end of the 1700s, colonial Spanish Americans began to sue one another with a zeal unseen on the peninsula. Part I examines how and how many lawsuits were generated in the empire. It analyzes civil litigation rates in six areas of Mexico, Peru, and Spain, including Mexico City, Oaxaca, Lima, Trujillo, Peru, the Montes de Toledo, Spain, and the peninsular high court of Valladolid. With chapters on the process of suing, and on the intellectual transformations and absolutist royal policy reforms on law and its practice, it explores legal culture in diverse capital cities and rural districts. Part II zeroes in on three types of civil cases that increased even more rapidly than the general rise of civil suits. The cases that colonial women, Indian commoners, and slaves initiated against masters, native leaders, and husbands challenged an older model of justice aimed at extralegal outcomes and casuistic jurisprudence. As they produced new ideas about freedom, natural rights, history, and merit in court, these subordinate litigants ultimately created an Enlightened law-centered culture. The conclusion considers why Spain and its colonies have remained marginal to the story of the advent of the modern."

"On 14 July 2013, India closed down its telegraph service, drawing the curtain over an important chapter in its history of telecommunications. Introduced during the British colonial period, the telegraph was opened for public use on 1 February 1855. The beginning of the service, much like its end, was marked by strikingly similar scenes of people rushing to the telegraph office in order to send messages. The similarity with the contemporary scenario does not end here. Like the internet today, the electric telegraph came to play an important role in the conduct of journalism in nineteenth-century India. This book is an attempt to reconstruct this interconnected history of telegraphy and journalism and the first systematic account of the development of English-language news reporting in nineteenth-century India. Drawing on a wide range of historical material and an in-depth analysis of the newspaper press, it questions grand narratives of media revolutions, arguing instead that the use of telegraphy in journalism was gradual and piecemeal. News itself emerged as the site of many contestations, as imperial politics, capitalist enterprise, and individual agency shaped not only access to technologies of communication, but also the content and form of reporting."

"Mecca of Revolution examines the history of anticolonial internationalism, or Third Worldism, through the prism of Algerias decolonization and the international relations of independent Algeria. It argues that the Third World movement evolved from a subversive transnational phenomenon in the late-colonial era into a diplomatic collaboration among postcolonial elites to exalt state sovereignty and national authority. Its examination of international affairs places equal, or even greater, emphasis on South-South relations than the more typical North-South perspective. New evidence from the archives of Algeria, Yugoslavia, and numerous other countries demystifies the Third Worldist phenomenon. The book looks past the rhetoric of Bandung, nonalignment, and Afro-Asianism to analyze the nascent geopolitics of postcolonial Africa, the Middle East, and the Southern Hemisphere as a whole. Refuting the notion that the Third World project ended in failure, Mecca of Revolution reveals the development of a Third Worldist normative framework that shapes global affairs in the early twenty-first century, its import felt in matters as diverse as the Arab Spring revolutions, nuclear proliferation, and global trade negotiations. It also argues that the most important effect of the Cold War in the Southern Hemisphere was to push the process of decolonization toward its eventual state-centric outcome. In that regard, the Algerian case shows that the industrialized worlds new methods of political mobilization (such as Wilsonian diplomacy and Marxist-Leninist revolution) were much more influential in the postcolonial world than were the underlying ideologies that informed those methods."

"Postcolonial thought is an intellectual approach that recognizes the importance of empire and colonialism in the making of the modern world, including the constitution of modern culture and knowledge. Although postcolonial thought has resonated strongly in the academic humanities, this book explores its implications for social science and, in particular, social theory and sociology. After introducing the respective histories of social theory and postcolonial thought, the book discusses the various waves of postcolonial thought, beginning with the first wave of prominent thinkers and authors, such as W. E. B. Du Bois, Frantz Fanon, Aime Cesaire, Amilcar Cabral, and C. L. R. James. After examining this history, it discusses the second-wave of postcolonial thought, including the work of prominent authors such as Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, and Homi Bhabha. The book presents the postcolonial challenge to social theory, and charts various strategies for crafting a postcolonial social science. Although some scholars suggest that postcolonial thought and social science are incompatible, this book explores points of convergence as well as difference, and argues for a third wave of postcolonial thought emerging within social science."

"The collapse of the Ottoman Empire was by no means a singular event. After six hundred years of ruling over the peoples of North Africa, the Balkans, and the Middle East, a series of wars, insurrections, and revolutions spanning the early twentieth century brought the sultanate to an end. This book encompasses a full accounting of the international political, economic, and social forces that prompted this climactic event in the making of the modern world. In surveying the many tragedies that transpired in the years between 1908 and 1922, this book particularly explores the causes that eventually led so many to view the legacy of the Ottomans with loathing and resentment. Fall of the Sultanate provides a retelling of this critical history as seen through the eyes of those who lived through the Ottoman collapse. Drawing upon a large gamut of sources in multiple languages, this book strikes a critical balance in presenting and interpreting the most impactful experiences that shaped the lives of the empires last generation. The story presented here takes into account the perspectives of the empires diverse population as well as the leaders who piloted the state to its end. In surveying the personal, communal, and national struggles that defined Italys invasion of Libya, the Balkan War, the Great War, and the Turkish War of Independence, Fall of the Sultanate presents readers with a fresh and comprehensive exposition of how and why Ottoman imperial rule ended in bloodshed and disillusionment."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang peran Asi Mbojo dalam perjalanan sejarah Bima khususnya pada masa kesultanan Bima. Peran tersebut merupakan warisan budaya tidak berwujud yang saat ini dijadikan sebagai identitas masyarakat Bima.Asi Mbojo adalah sebutan dari istana Bima yang saat ini telah dijadikan sebagai Museum Daerah Kabupaten Bima. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat bahwa bangunan Asi Mbojo yang mereka lihat saat ini, bukanlah sebuah bangunan yang tidak bermakna. Akan tetapi, bangunan tersebut melalui empat perannya, yaitu sebagai pusat pemerintahan, pusat penyebaran agama, pusat pengembangan kebudayaan, dan pusat pengadilan mempunyai nilai historis dan menjadi saksi bisu dari perjalanan sejarah dari masa ke masa.Asi Mbojo kini bercerita.

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This thesis discusses the role of Asi Mbojo in the history of Bimanese especially during the sultanate of Bima. The role is an intangible cultural heritage which is currently used as the identity of the Bima society. Asi Mbojo is the name of Bima palace which has been formalized into the Museum in Bima regency called Asi Mbojo Museum. The purpose of this study is to provide insight to the public that the building Asi Mbojo they see today, is not a building that is not meaningful. However, the building is through the four roles, namely as the seat of government, center spread of religious, cultural development center, and the center court which has historical value and as a silent witness of history from time to time. Now, Asi Mbojo tells."

"Legalist Empire explores the intimate connections between international law and empire in the United States from 1898 to 1919. Though many histories treat Woodrow Wilsons plans for the League of Nations as the beginning of Americas substantive engagement with international law, this book demonstrates the broad influence of legal concepts and expertise in the years before World War I. It follows such lawyers as Elihu Root, John Bassett Moore, James Brown Scott, and Robert Lansing as they created an American profession of international law, promoted the creation of international courts, represented corporations with business overseas, and served as high-ranking policymakers in Washington. A widespread belief in the inevitable progress of civilization simultaneously justified American empire and underwrote the claim that international adjudication could bring world peace. Legalist Empire shows how international lawyers justified the conquest of the Philippines, the taking of Panama, and interventions throughout the Caribbean, and also explains why the law of neutrality helped lead the United States into World War I. The book also offers a new history of the origins of the American international law profession. Research in the papers and publications of lawyers and their organizations shows how political, ideological, and cultural assumptions shaped the emerging profession. A conclusion tracing developments to the present further emphasizes that rather than being antagonists, empire and the international rule of law have frequently reinforced each other in American history."