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"Buku yang berjudul A history of Russia ini ditulis oleh George Vernadsky. Buku ini membahas tentang sejarah Rusia, mulai dari masa kekaisaran Rusia hingga masa Uni Soviet. Buku ini juga membahas mengenai pekembangan sosial dan ekonomi Rusia pada masa itu."

"Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, kita sering menjumpai sebuah bangunan yang terasa memiliki suatu pengaruh kuasa terhadap lingkungan sekitarnya, seperti yang dapat kita temui pada monumen dan istana. Hal ini menjelaskan bahwa dalam arsitektur, kuasa dapat hadir melalui bentuk-bentuk dan elemen-elemen tertentu yang ada pada sebuah bangunan. Mengetahui bagaimana hubungan antara arsitektur dengan kuasa merupakan tujuan dari skripsi ini. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan melakukan studi berbagai referensi terkait representasi kuasa melalui bentuk simbolis, dengan studi kasus Istana Daendels di Weltevreden, Batavia. Gaya Empire pada bangunan tersebut akan dianalisis sebagai suatu bentuk simbolis dalam merepresentasikan kekuasaan Belanda-Perancis di Batavia pada masa Gubernur Jenderal Herman Willem Daendels di awal abad ke 19. Bagaimana sebuah karya arsitektur dapat menjadi simbol kekuasaan, elemen arsitektur apa saja yang dapat menunjukan kuasa pada sebuah bangunan, dan bagaimana peran bentuk simbolis dalam merepresentasikan kuasa tersebut; dengan mengkaitkannya dengan teori mengenai kuasa dan simbol, kemudian akan dianalisis dan ditarik kesimpulan mengenai bagaimana hubungan antara arsitektur dengan kekuasaan.

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Sometimes, we encounter a building that emits the sense of power over its surrounding environment, such as monuments and palaces. It explains that in architecture, power can be presented through some forms and certain elements of a building. The objective of this work is to know how the relations between architecture and power. The study is conducted by literature reviews about power representation through symbolic forms, with a case study of Daendels Palace in Weltevreden, Batavia. Empire style of the building will be analyzed as a symbolic form in representing the Dutch-French authority in Batavia at the reign of Governor General Herman Willem Daendels in the early 19th century. How an architectural work can be a symbol of power, what architectural element that can demonstrate power in a building, and how the role of symbolic form in representing the power; by linking with the theories about power and symbol, will then be analyzed and drawn a conclusion about how the relationship between architecture and power."

"The Kwee family is an old Indonesian Chinese family from Pasuruan, in East java, and one of a few merchant families of either Chinese or Arab ethnic origin which led successful lives in this small town in the nineteenth century. From their Chinese ancestral village, Liu Chuan in Fujian province, China, a Kwee ancestor travelled to Southeast Asia and settled in Pasuruan, probably in the eighteen century. As with many families who held important positions in the ethnic Chinese community, it also owned large homes, mostly in a mixed architectural style, called eclecticism and later in what was known as the Indies empire style. The early family history is still clouded in mystery, as not much concrete information has survived. Its descendants worked hard and prospered and dealt among economic undertakings such as sugar production, opium sales, buying and selling of property and land as well as running pawnshops."

"The disintegration of the British Empire in Asia and the emergence of new nationstates marked a period of significant upheaval for communities whose identities and mobilities were fundamentally reconstituted by a new system of borders, citizenships, and nationalities. In this article, I seek to explore a social history of early citizenship in Singapore by examining how citizenship was understood and conceived by varied segments of society during its final years as a colony. Focusing on ethnic groups considered non-indigenous, I examine the decisions made by communities and individuals with regard to Singapore citizenship, studying the period between 1957 and 1963. During this time the meaning and significance of Singapore citizenship underwent dramatic shifts, and various forms of dual citizenship were phased out in the context of political plans for Singapore’s future. I argue that individuals’ decisions about citizenship reveal how they understood their own futures after colonialism, within the region, commonwealth, and nation. The citizensubjectivities of individuals and communities often did not align with what emerged as an official discourse of exclusive loyalty and belonging. Early experiences of citizenship were instead shaped by intersections of race, class, and complex transnational identities, as well as pragmatic assessments and emotional decision making. These did not simply mirror state-driven processes but instead represented important aspects of the complex social history of decolonization in Singapore and the early transition of its inhabitants from a colonial society to a national citizenry."

"Bangunan Kantor Yayasan Lembaga Cornelis Chastelein (YLCC) merupakan bangunan bersejarah peninggalan masa penjajahan Belanda yang dibangun pada abad ke-19. Bangunan ini sudah 3 kali berganti fungsi, awalnya bangunan ini difungsikan sebagai Rumah Pastoran, lalu beralih fungsi menjadi SMPK Kasih, dan sekarang berfungsi sebagai Kantor Yayasan Lembaga Cornelis Chastelein (YLCC). Bangunan kantor Yayasan Cornelis Chastelein sangat terawat hingga menarik untuk dikaji gaya arsitektur dan adaptasi yang dilakukan pada kantor Yayasan Lembaga Cornelis Chastelein. Metode penelitian yang digunakan mencakup proses formulasi penelitian, implementasi penelitian, pengumpulan data, pemrosesan data, analisis data, penafsiran data, dan publikasi hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bangunan ini mengadopsi gaya Indische Empire, yang merupakan bentuk dari arsitektur Indis yang berkembang pada abad ke-19. Dalam perkembangannya, bangunan ini telah mengalami berbagai adaptasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan modern sambil memperhatikan prinsip-prinsip pelestarian bangunan cagar budaya.

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The office building of the Yayasan Lembaga Cornelis Chastelein (YLCC) is a historic structure from the Dutch colonial period, built in the 19th century. This building has undergone three functional changes: initially serving as a rectory, later transforming into SMPK Kasih, and currently functioning as the office of the Yayasan Lembaga Cornelis Chastelein (YLCC). The YLCC office building is well-preserved, making it an intriguing subject for studying its architectural style and the adaptations applied over time.The research methodology employed includes the processes of research formulation, research implementation, data collection, data processing, data analysis, data interpretation, and publication of findings. The research findings indicate that the building adopts the Indische Empire style, a form of Indische architecture that developed in the 19th century. Over time, the building has undergone various adaptations to meet modern needs while adhering to the principles of cultural heritage preservation."

"Dewasa ini kapitalisme dinilai sebagai suatu bentuk finalitas dari segala konsep kehidupan yang tidak bisa dipisahkan, mulai dari ekonomi, politik, ideologi, dan filsafat. Bentuk itu telah selesai sebagai kebenaran tertutup yang diterima oleh kita, ketika tidak ada lagi alternatif terhadapnya. Pesimisme dari residu krisis kemanusiaan pada abad 20, mengantarkan kita kepada perubahan paradigma kapitalisme postmodern melalui pembentukan Kekaisaran (Empire) yang dipahami sebagai sebuah kondisi global yang mana kedaulatan dan kapital berada di bawah kekuasaan supranasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan kegagalan dari Gerakan Kiri Baru sebagai subjek perlawanan terhadap kapitalisme postmodern dan perubahan-perubahan yang disebabkan olehnya membawa kita kepada kapitalisme bentuk baru. Teknologi juga menjadi faktor utama, produksi kemudian tidak hanya mengacu pada yang material, tetapi cenderung ke arah immaterial. Pada tahap ini, produksi sudah menjangkau seluruh aspek kehidupan (biopolitik). Kondisi Perang Global (Global State of War) juga menjadi pesimisme di dalam Kekaisaran, sehingga melalui Multitude dapat diajukan sebagai sebuah tawaran mengenai teori subjek yang memuat perlawanan alternatif terhadap biopolitik Empire.

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Nowadays, capitalism is seen as a form of finality of all concepts of life that cannot be separated, starting from economics, politics, ideology and philosophy. The form is completed as a closed truth accepted by us, when there is no longer any alternative to it. Pessimism from the residue of the humanitarian crisis in the 20th century, led us to a change in the paradigm of postmodern capitalism through the formation of an Empire which is understood as a global condition where sovereignty and capital are under supranational power. This research aims to show the failure of the New Left Movement as a subject of resistance to postmodern capitalism and the changes caused by it bringing us to a new form of capitalism. Technology is also a major factor, production then does not only refer to the material, but tends towards the immaterial. At this stage, production has reached all aspects of life (biopolitics). The Global State of War has also become pessimistic within the Empire, so that through Multitude it can be proposed as an offer of a subject theory that contains alternative resistance to the biopolitics of the Empire. "

"This paper aims to examine the influence of the minganhak on the formation of knowledge culture in colonial Korea...."

"Penelitian ini adalah penelitian arsitektur dengan pendekatan sejarah terhadap Rumah Mayor Cina Muntok. Rumah ini menghadirkan perpaduan arsitektur kolonial Indische Empire dan tradisional Cina, siheyuan; yang masing-masing memiliki dasar pemikiran berbeda terkait kebudayaan yang dimiliki. Penelitian ini mendokumentasikan arsitektur dan ornamen rumah, kemudian menganalisisnya dengan bantuan literatur dan teori terkait. Penelitian terhadap Tjoeng A Tiam yang diatribusikan sebagai pendiri dilakukan atas dasar karya seni dan ornamen yang terpajang dalam dekorasi rumah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beberapa aspek dalam arsitektur dapat menampilkan bagaimana kedua kebudayaan tersebut bersanding sekaligus menyesuaikan dengan kondisi alam setempat. Pengetahuan yang tergali dari objek diharapkan dapat turut membantu sebagai referensi dalam proses pelestarian objek di masa depan

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This is an architectural research with historical approach on the Chinese Mayor Mansion in Muntok. The mansion's architecture is a combination of Colonial Indische Empire, and Chinese traditional siheyuan each with their own background culture. This research documented the mansion's architecture and decorations, which are then analysed using architectural and cultural literatures. Research on Tjoeng A Tiam, the name attributed as owner, is done through arts and ornaments available in the mansion. The result is the identification of the object's architecture that portrays the combination of both architecture style as well as their adjustments to the local environment. The information is expected to be used as reference for future conservation project of this object."

"Tesis ini merupakan penelitian yang mencari mitos dan fungsi mitologis dalam teori politik global Michael Hardt dan Negri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode refleksi kritis dan fenomenologi-hermenutika untuk menganalisis dua variabel, yaitu Kekaisaran dan multitude. Tujuan dari penelitan ini adalah memperlihatkan ada mitos yang bekerja di dalam teori politik global yang mematerialkan sejarah. Di sini, Kekaisaran dan multitude dikonstitusikan oleh biopolitik dan jaringan teknologi informasi yang memungkinkan imanensi dan perlawanan sosial. Mitos teori politik global Kekaisaran dan Multitude adalah narasi dan epos klasiktentang subjek yang menindas dan subjek yang tertindas dalam menjelaskanpolitik kontemporer.

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This thesis is a study to find myths and mythological function in a global political

theory o f Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri. This study uses the methods of

critical reflection and phenomenology-hermeneutics to analyze two variables,

namely Empire and multitude. The purpose of this research was to show there is a

myth that works in global political theory. Here, the Empire and the multitude

constituted by biopolitics and information technology network that allows

immanence and social struggle. The myth of global political theory of Empire and

Multitude is a classic epic narrative about the oppressing subject and the

oppressed subjects in explaining contemporary politics"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bukti empiris tentang perilaku cost stickiness serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya pada perusahaan manufaktur. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan regresi pooled least square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perilaku cost stickiness pada kategori biaya penjualan, administrasi, dan umum. Selain itu, faktor biaya penyesuaian perusahaan yang diukur dengan asset intensity dan employee intensity memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap tingkat cost stickiness. Kemudian, faktor target laba dan tingkat leverage memiliki pengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap tingkat cost stickiness. Namun, faktor management empire building incentive yang dinilai dengan free cash flow tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap tingkat cost stickiness.

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This research aims to provide the empirical evidence regarding cost stickiness behavior and its determinants on listed manufacturing companies. Hypothesis testing is performed using pooled least square method. The result concludes that there is cost stickiness behavior in selling, general and administrative costs. In term of determinants, firm specific adjustment costs measured by asset intensity and employee intensity have positive significant impact to the level of cost stickiness. Meanwhile, earnings target and leverage have negative significant impact to the level of cost stickiness. However, the management empire building incentive measured by free cash flow has no positive significant impact."