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"This paper aims to reveal the relationship between ethnicity and democracy in the regencies of South Sorong in West Papua Province and Keerom in Papua Province, both situated in Indonesia’s easternmost island of Papua. By using Madisonian practice to examine the ethnic party and separatist logics in both regencies, this study explores the presence of cooperation, representation, and accommodation between ethno-religious identities in South Sorong, as well as between Indigenous Papuans (orang asli Papua) and the majority Muslim non-Papuan migrants (pendatang) in Keerom. The findings of this qualitative study suggest that there is a relationship between ethnicity and democracy that can be used in a positive way for promoting peace and resolving conflict."

"Mass media in the form of print, electronic and broadcast journalism and the internet play a large role in I he process American presidential election. The Candidates and their campaign teams utilize the media to communicate with their potential voters. Conversely, the electorate gains apportunity to obtain information from die candidates so as to make an informed choice on election day."

"ABSTRACTThis paper examines the patterns of campaign funding in the Indonesian 2019 Concurrent Election by focusing on the dimensions of revenue and expenditure both in the presidential and legislative elections. This article also discusses the nature of the political regime as a consequence of the patterns. In doing so, the analysis is based on campaign finance theory supported by the concept of clientelism and programmatic politics. By relying on secondary data, this paper argues that the way the candidates manage their campaign funding shows the strengthening of political clientelism on one side and the waning of programmatic politics on the others side. Consequently, patronage democracy will also strengthen in Indonesia after the 2019 Election."

"Tesis ini menganalisis paradoks tidak diaturnya perlindungan pelapor pelanggaran pada Undang-Undang tentang Pemilu dan Undang-Undang tentang Pilkada. Alasannya terlaksananya pemilu dan pilkada yang demokratis sangat membutuhkan partisipasi masyarakat untuk ikut awasi pemilu, tidak dapat hanya diserahkan kepada Bawaslu karena berbagai keterbatasannya. Terlebih tren pelaporan dugaan pelanggaran oleh masyarakat terus mengalami penurunan baik di pemilu maupun pilkada. Tesis ini bermaksud menjawab apa saja yang menjadi paradoks tidak diaturnya perlindungan pelapor dalam UU Pemilu dan UU Pilkada serta bagaimana konsep ideal dari pengaturan perlindungan yang seharusnya diatur. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan kasus, berhasil ditemukan bahwa konstruksi perlindungan pelapor dalam UU Pemilu dan UU Pilkada kontradiksi terhadap empat aspek, yakni terhadap makin strategisnya peran pelapor, meningkatnya jumlah ketentuan pidana dan administrasi pada UU Pemilu dan Pilkada, kuatnya jaminan perlindungan hak asasi manusia, dan kontradiksi terhadap perluasan perlindungan pelapor. Dengan berbagai pendekatan yang dilakukan disimpulkan idealitas perlindungan terhadap pelapor pelanggaran pemilu dan pilkada adalah dengan cara merumuskan ketentuan perlindungan preventif melalui pemberian kewajiban bagi Lembaga terkait untuk melindungai pelapor, perahasiaan identitas pelapor dan sanksi bagi pembocor identitas pelapor, serta larangan pembalasan dendam dan sanksi berat terhadap pelanggaran tersebut. Pengaturan preventif itu akan menyempurnakan konsep perlindungan pelapor di Indonesia yang saat ini secara represif telah diatur dalam UU Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban dan lebih menjamin menciptakan iklim perlindungan pelapor yang kondusif dalam pelaksanaan pemilu dan pilkada di Indonesia.

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This thesis analyzes the paradox of the unregulated protection of election fraud complainant in the Law on General Election and Regional Head Election. The reason is that the implementation of democratic elections requires public participation to participate in supervising the elections, it cannot only be left to Bawaslu because of various limitations. Moreover, the trend of reporting alleged violations by the public continues to decline both in the general election and regional head elections. This thesis intends to answer what is the paradox of the unregulated protection of election fraud complainant in the Election Law and the Regional Election Law and how the ideal concept of the protection arrangement should be regulated. By using a statutory approach, conceptual approach, and case approach, it was found that the construction of the protection of whistleblowers in the Election Law and the Regional Head Election Law contradicts four aspects, namely the increasingly strategic role of reporters, the increasing number of criminal and administrative provisions in the Election and Regional Head Election Law, the strong guarantee of the protection of human rights, and the contradiction to the extension of the whistleblower protection. With the various approaches taken, it is concluded that the ideal of protection for whistleblowers of election and regional election violations is to formulate preventive protection provisions through the provision of obligations for relevant institutions to protect the whistleblower, confidentiality of the reporter's identity and sanctions for whistleblowers' identity, as well as prohibition of retaliation and severe sanctions for violations. the. This preventive arrangement will improve the concept of protecting whistleblowers in Indonesia, which is currently repressively regulated in the Witness and Victim Protection Law and will further guarantee to create a climate of protection for whistleblowers that is conducive to the implementation of general elections and local elections in Indonesia."

"The effort made by group of women to increase the number of women in parliament by democratic electoral mechanism wil collide with obstacles derived from political parties,both at leadership and parliament members'level...."

"Criticism on electoral zone in the general election system of Indonesia."