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"This article discusses the public health crisis currently engulfing much of the developing world...."

"Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, yaitu metode penelitian yang mengacu kepada norma-norma hukum yang terdapat pada perjanjian internasional dan putusan-putusan penyelesaian sengketa dagang WTO. Adapun penelitian yang dilakukan adalah doktrinal dengan optik preskriptif yang ditujukan untuk mendapatkan saran-saran mengenai apa yang harus dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah-masalah tertentu. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Yang menjadi permasalahan bagaimanakah pengaturan khusus mengenai sistem penyelesaian sengketa WTO yang bermanfaat bagi negara-negara berkembang dan bagaimanakah seharusnya pengaturan khusus mengenai sistem penyelesaian sengketa WTO dan manfaatnya bagi kepentingan nasional Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaturan khusus mengenai sistem penyelesaian sengketa WTO yang bermanfaat bagi negara-negara berkembang dan untuk mengetahui pengaturan khusus yang seharusnya mengenai sistem penyelesaian sengketa WTO dan manfaatnya bagi kepentingan nasional Indonesia. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian bahwa terdapat ketentuan khusus yang berlaku mengenai prosedur penyelesaian sengketa yang diterapkan oleh Dispute Settlement Body yang telah disempurnakan dari sistem GATT 1947 dengan disahkannya Understanding On Rules and Procedures Governing The Settlement of Disputes dan merupakan satu paket ketentuan yang wajib ditaati dan diikuti serta dilaksanakan bagi para anggota WTO dan setiap keputusannya wajib diikuti tanpa terkecuali. Namun demikian, disisi yang lain ditengah berbagai kekurangan yang dimiliki dalam DSU, diharapkan negaranegara berkembang khususnya pihak Indonesia mampu mengambil manfaat sesuai dengan kepentingan nasional. Indonesia sendiri telah mengambil manfaat atas keberadaan sistem ini. Berdasarkan kasus yang menghadapkan Indonesia dalam forum penyelesaian sengketa WTO, diharapkan adanya penyempurnaan pengaturan dalam DSU antara lain waktu yang lebih singkat dalam tiap tahapan dalam sistem penyelesaian sengketa WTO, pengaturan pelaksanaan putusan DSB agar lebih efektif, perlunya pengaturan khusus mengenai mekanisme retaliasi dalam DSU, perlunya pengaturan khusus dalam rangka meningkatkan peran WTO Secretariat dalam membantu menyelesaian sengketa yang menghadapkan antara negara maju dan negara berkembang dan perlunya pengaturan khusus dalam meningkatkan fungsi dan peranan DSB pada setiap tahapan proses penyelesaian sengketa (terutama dalam pelaksanaan rekomendasi DSB yang diberikan).

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This study applied normative legal research method, i.e. a method which refers to the legal norms as stated in international treaties and resolution of trade dispute settlement under WTO. The study was also conducted using optical prescriptive doctrinal method aiming to obtain suggestions on what to do to overcome certain related issues. Analysis applied in this study is qualitative approach. The main issue here is on how the special arrangement applied on the settlement of dispute system under WTO may be beneficial to developing countries and what is the ideal special arrangement on settlement of dispute system under WTO for Indonesia, and how it may benefit the interest of Indonesia.

Objective of the study is to understand how the settlement mechanism under WTO can be beneficial for developing countries and in particular, what is the ideal special arrangement on settlement of dispute under WTO for Indonesia, and its benefit to the national interest of Indonesia.

The conclusion of the study shows that there are special arrangements on procedures of settlement of dispute applied by the WTO's Dispute Settlement Body as refinement of the GATT 1947 mechanism, with the ratification of the Understanding On Rules and Procedures Governing The Settlement of Disputes, and this becomes part of requirement packages which must be followed and adhered to by all members of WTO without exception. However, on the other side, with some of identified weakness of DSU, it is expected that developing countries, particularly Indonesia, shall be able to get the benefit of it for our national interest. Indonesia has indeed used the system to support its own interest.

Based on some case studies where Indonesia had to seek settlement in the forum of dispute of WTO, it is expected that there will be refinement of on the DSU mechanism, inter alia, shorter time in each stages of settlement process, arrangement of DSB resolution implementation to make it more effective, special arrangement to prevent retaliation mechanism in DSU, and special arrangement needed to increase the role of WTO Secretariat in the support of dispute settlement case which involve advanced countries versus developing countries and the need to have special arrangement to increase the function and role of DSB on each stages of dispute settlement process (especially in the DSB recommendation to be implemented as provided here)."

"“Born global” (BG) firms have attracted many researchers throughout the last decade. The emergence of this phenomenon initially posed a serious challenge to the validity and applicability of the traditional “stage” theory of internationalization; however, scholars have more recently been able to reconcile traditional and new theories into a single framework for studying the process of internationalization. This volume applies both network theory and knowledge-based theory to analyze export assistance in the context of internationalization of low-tech BG firms in developing countries (with an in-depth study of the apparel industry in Bangladesh). ;"

"This book provides an overview of the state of animal agriculture and present methodologies and proposals to develop policies that result in sustainable and profitable animal production that will protect human and environmental health, enhance livelihood of smallholders and meet consumer needs. The book combines lessons of the past, factual foundation to understand the present, analytical tools to design and improve policies, case studies that provide both empirical grounding and applications of some of the strategies suggested in this book, and finally, a proposal for the way forward. The book is divided into five parts. The first section of the book will provide an analysis of the evolution of animal agriculture in the context of the development of farming systems over the years. The second part of the book will provide an overview of some of the major strands of literature on the economics and health of animal agriculture. The third and fourth sections of the book emphasize an important case study, avian influenza with applications in Southeast Asia and Africa. Finally, the book summarizes the state of knowledge and current trajectory of animal agriculture and provides policy recommendations to both control animal disease and support research that would lead to prosperous, sustainable animal agriculture in the future. This volume contains contributions from leading researchers in agricultural economics environmental economics, veterinary science, and natural resource management and will be of interest to academics and students in those fields as well as policy-makers in government or international organizations that focus on animal agriculture, health and the environment."

"The book presents several highly selected cases in emerging countries where the production-logistics systems have been optimized or improved with the support of mathematical models. The book contains a selection of papers from the 5th International Conference on Production Research (ICPR) Americas 2010 held on July 21-23 in Bogotá, Colombia. The main topic of the conference was “Technologies in logistics and manufacturing for small and medium enterprises” which is perfectly aligned with the realities of emerging countries. The book presents methodologies and case studies related to a wide variety of production/logistics systems such as diary production, auto parts, steel and iron production, and financial services. "

"In this volume, Vivienne Wang and Elias G. Carayannis apply both theoretical approaches and empirical analysis to explore the dynamics of innovation in developing countries, with a particular emphasis on R&D in manufacturing firms. Their research addresses such questions as, do innovations advance the competitive positions of manufacturing firms in developing countries?Does the pace of innovation matter, in particular, in socio-economic and socio-political contexts? To what degree can national innovation systems and policies influence development? To what extent do a firm’s innovation commitments correlate with the protection of intellectual property rights? What roles do foreign direct investment and relationships with clusters and networks play? The resulting analysis not only challenges traditional theoretical approaches to innovation, but provides suggestions for improving business practice and policymaking."

"Emerging markets and the global economy investigates analytical techniques suited to emerging market economies, which are typically prone to policy shocks. Despite the large body of emerging market finance literature, their underlying dynamics and interactions with other economies remain challenging and mysterious because standard financial models measure them imprecisely.Describing the linkages between emerging and developed markets, this collection systematically explores several crucial issues in asset valuation and risk management. Contributors present new theoretical constructions and empirical methods for handling cross-country volatility and sudden regime shifts. Usually attractive for investors because of the superior growth they can deliver, emerging markets can have a low correlation with developed markets. "

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh implementasi e-government terhadap persepsi korupsi di negara berkembang wilayah Asia Pasifik. Transparansi sebagai salah satu prinsip Good Governance diharapkan dapat menjadi alat pemberantasan korupsi yang efektif di wilayah tersebut. Egovernment dalam penelitian ini menggunakan E-government Development Index EGDI yang diterbitkan United Nations. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 23 negara dengan 109 observasi periode tahun 2010 hingga 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa e-government memberi pengaruh negatif signifikan pada negara dengan tingkat implementasi e-government yang lebih tinggi. Hasil tersebut menjadi masukan bagi negara-negara berkembang Asia Pasifik untuk segera meningkatkan implementasi e-government-nya agar upaya pemberantasan korupsi dapat berjalan maksimal.

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The purpose of the study is to analyze the effect of e-government implementation on corruption perception level in Asia Pacific developing countries. Transparency, one of good governance principles, is expcted to become an effective tool to curb corruption. e-government in this study is measured by e-government Development Index EGDI composed by United Nations. The sample consists of 23 countries with 109 observations, covering the period from year 2010 2015. The result reveals that e-government has negative effect on corruption when e-government implementation level is high.

Using three sub components of EGDI, it found that the telecommunication infrastructure index has negative effect on corruption. The result is clearly important to bring awareness to developing countries in Asia Pacific region to move forward their e-governments implementation and telecommunication infrastructure to the next level as one of the effective anti corruption strategies."

"Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa efek perang nilai tukar secara keseluruhan di negara - negara berkembang melalui survei studi. Studi ini juga menginvestigasi efek devaluasi dalam jangka pendek terhadap neraca perdagangan secara empiris. Model regresi digunakan dalam menganalisa hubungan antara nilai tukar dan neraca perdagangan untuk membuktikan hipotesa Kurva J dengan menggunakan  panel data dari 8 negara - negara berkembang dalam periode 2000 - 2016. Negara - negara tersebut yang terdiri dari Venezuela, Brazil, China, Iran, Congo, Malaysia, Philippines, and Uruguay diklasifikasikan berdasarkan rezim nilai tukar. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa efek jangka pendek devaluasi berdampak buruk terhadap neraca perdagangan disebabkan oleh tingginya ketergantungan imported inputs dalam produksi barang ekspor pada negara - negara berkembang.

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This paper presents a survey study reviewing the overall effects of currency wars in developing countries. The study also investigates the short run effects of devaluation on trade balance particularly in an empirical study. A regression model is established to analyse the relationship between exchange rates and the trade balance in verifying the J-curve hypothesis by using a panel data of eight developing countries for the period 2000 - 2016. These countries, which consist of Venezuela, Brazil, China, Iran, Congo, Malaysia, Philippines, and Uruguay, are classified based on their exchange rate regimes. The findings indicate that the short run effects of devaluation lead to a worsening in trade balance due to most of developing countries are highly dependence on imported inputs in their production of exports."