"Pembagian, pemanfaatan, dan pengelolaan satuan unit lanskap masyarakat suku Dayak Ngaju, khususnya di Kecamatan Mantangai merupakan strategi masyarakat lokal untuk mempertahankan kelangsungan hidup mereka. Lokasi penelitian berada di Desa Tumbang Muroi, Tumbang Mangktup, dan Katimpun, Kecamatan Mantangai, Kabupaten Kapuas, Kalimantan Tengah pada Juli-Agustus 2018. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendokumentasikan secara ilmiah pengetahuan lokal masyarakat dalam membagi unit-unit lanskap dan menganalisis pemanfaatan serta pengelolaan unit lanskap berbasis kearifan lokal masyarakat. Data kualitatif diperoleh melalui wawancara semi terstruktur, observasi langsung, dan studi literatur, sementara data kuantitatif diperoleh melalui Pebble Distribution Method yang dianalisis menggunakan Local Users Value Index (LUVI) dan struktur komunitas yang diperoleh melalui analisis vegetasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat suku Dayak Ngaju membagi sembilan unit lanskap yaitu batang danum (sungai), lewu (permukiman), parakayu lindung (hutan lindung), parakayu desa (hutan desa), parakayu adat (hutan adat), teluk pipit dan keramat baga (tempat keramat), kabun gita (bekas kebun karet), tana (ladang pertanian), dan bahu rambung (bekas ladang). Pengetahuan lokal masyarakat membentuk heterogenitas terhadap komposisi unit lanskap sebagai proses adaptasi masyarakat. Struktur komunitas tumbuhan yang terbentuk adalah hasil dari intensitas pemanfaatan tumbuhan oleh masyarakat lokal dan kondisi lahan yang ada di masing-masing unit lanskap. Nilai pemanfaatan satuan unit lanskap oleh laki-laki dan perempuan pada masing-masing desa sangat beragam. Pemanfaatan unit lanskap tertinggi bagi laki-laki terdapat pada hutan lindung, sungai, dan permukiman, sedangkan bagi perempuan tertinggi yaitu sungai dan bekas kebun karet. Hasil LUVI menunjukkan setiap kategori guna dapat ditemui sesuai dengan lokasi pemanfaatannya. Pengetahuan lokal yang dimiliki masyarakat merupakan kepercayaan dan keyakinan masyarakat itu sendiri sehingga mampu memengaruhi presepsi masyarakat terhadap pemanfaatan dan penggunaan setiap satuan unit lanskap. Kearifan lokal masyarakat dalam mengelola lingkungan secara lestari dapat terlihat dari aturan dalam pengklasifikasian unit lanskap yang terbagi menjadi sembilan. Bentuk praktik konservasi tradisional terhadap pelestarian lingkungan meliputi sistem penebangan pohon dan pemeliharaan tempat keramat (teluk pipit dan keramat baga). Strategi pengelolaan berbasis tata nilai masyarakat suku Dayak Ngaju telah terwariskan secara turun temurun dan diharapkan mampu menjaga sumber daya alam secara berkelanjutan di masa mendatang.
The division, utilization and management of landscape units of the Dayak Ngaju tribe, especially in Mantangai Subdistrict, is a strategy of local communities to maintain their survival. The research sites were in the villages of Tumbang Muroi, Tumbang Mangktup, and Katimpun, Mantangai Subdistrict, Kapuas District, Central Kalimantan in July-August 2018. The study aimed to record scientifically the local knowledge of the community in dividing landscape units and analyzing the utilize and management of landscape units based on the local wisdom of the community. Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews, direct observation, and literature studies, while quantitative data were obtained through Pebble Distribution Method and analyzed using Local Users Value Index analysis (LUVI). The results show that local community divided into nine units of landscapes as a place to fulfill the daily needs of the Dayak Ngaju communities. The unit landscapes are batang danum (rivers), lewu (villages), parakayu (protected forest), parakayu (customary forest), parakayu (village forest), teluk pipit and keramat baga (sacred place), kabun gita (ex-rubber plantation), tana (fields of vegetables and rice plants), and bahu rambung (ex-fields or field that has not been used for a certain period of time). Local knowledge of the community forms heterogeneity in the composition of landscape units as a process of community adaptation. The plant community structure formed is the result of the intensity of the use of plants by local people and the condition of the land in each landscape unit. The value of the utilization of landscape units based on sex in each village is heterogeneous. The highest utilization of landscape units for men is in protected forests, rivers, and settlements, while for the highest utilization of women are rivers and rubber plantations. Based on analyzes results of LUVI shows that each category of use can be found according to the location of its utilization. Local knowledge owned by the community is the belief and it can influence the perception of the community towards the utilize of each unit of landscape based on the utilize category. The local wisdom of the community in managing the environment sustainably can be seen from the rules in classifying landscape units which are divided into nine. Traditional forms of conservation practices for environmental conservation include tree felling systems and the maintenance of sacred places (Teluk pipit and Keramat baga). The value-based management strategy of the Dayak Ngaju tribe community has been inherited from generation to generation and is expected to be able to sustain natural resources in a sustainable manner in the future."
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2019
