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"Muara Gembong merupakan wilayah yang rentan terhadap pencemaran sampah karena letaknya berada di pesisir. Keberadaan sampah tersebut berpotensi mempengaruhi kelimpahan burung karena sampah organik dapat menjadi sumber pakan burung, sementara sampah anorganik dapat menyebabkan perubahan struktur habitat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui jenis burung yang memiliki kelimpahan tinggi dekat sampah, (2) mengetahui hubungan antara jumlah dan jenis sampah dengan kelimpahan relatif burung, serta (3) mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi probabilitas keberadaan burung dekat sampah. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2020 di wilayah Pantai Mekar dan Muara Blacan. Pengamatan burung dilakukan dengan metode jelajah dan kelimpahan relatif setiap jenis burung ditentukan berdasarkan nilai encounter rates. Adapun pendataan dan perhitungan konsentrasi sampah dilakukan berdasarkan protokol yang dikeluarkan oleh NOAA. Dilakukan uji korelasi Spearman antara kelimpahan tiap spesies burung dengan konsentrasi sampah, serta dilakukan Principal Component Analysis (PCA) terhadap kondisi habitat dan karakteristik burung dekat sampah. Hasilnya, bondol jawa (Lonchura leucogastroides) dan kuntul besar (Egretta alba) merupakan dua spesies yang memiliki kelimpahan tertinggi dekat sampah dengan nilai encounter rates berturut-turut sebesar 39,13 dan 38,89. Selain itu, konsentrasi sampah anorganik berkorelasi negatif dengan kelimpahan relatif raja udang biru (Alcedo coerulescens), tekukur biasa (Streptopelia chinensis), dan dederuk jawa (Streptopelia bitorquata). Adapun berdasarkan analisis PCA, faktor yang mempengaruhi probabilitas keberadaan burung dekat sampah diantaranya yaitu tutupan kanopi (0,952), salinitas (-0,84), jumlah pohon (0,791), foraging habitat (0,782), jenis substrat (0,777), dan tipe habitat (0,749).

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Muara Gembong is vulnerable to waste pollution because it is located on the coast. The existence of such waste is potential to affect the bird abundance because organic waste can be a source of bird food, while inorganic waste can cause changes in habitat structure. This study aims to (1) determine the types of birds that have a high abundance near trash, (2) determine the relationship between the amount and types of trash with the relative abundance of birds, and (3) determine the factors that influence the probability of the presence of birds near trash. The study was conducted in June 2020 in Pantai Mekar and Muara Blacan areas. Observation of birds was done using the exploration method and the relative abundance of each species of bird was determined based on the encounter rates. The data collection and calculation of trash concentration was carried out based on the protocol issued by NOAA. The Spearman correlation test was carried out between the abundance of each bird species and the concentration of trash. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed on the habitat conditions and characteristics of birds near the trash. As a result, the Javan munia (Lonchura leucogastroides) and Great egret (Egretta alba) are the most abundant species near trash with encounter rates of 39.13 and 38.89, respectively. Moreover, the concentration of inorganic waste is negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Cerulean kingfisher (Alcedo coerulescens), Spotted dove (Streptopelia chinensis), and Sunda collared dove (Streptopelia bitorquata). Based on PCA analysis, factors that influence the probability of birds being near trash include canopy cover (0.952), salinity (-0.84), number of trees (0.791), foraging habitat (0.782), substrate type (0.777), and habitat type (0,749)."

"Sejumlah penelitian telah menemukan bahwa terdapat pergeseran representasi maskulinitas dalam film perang, di mana citra tradisional prajurit “ideal” yang maskulin telah sedikit demi sedikit tergantikan oleh citra tentara yang lebih “feminin.” The Yellow Birds (2017) adalah sebuah film Hollywood kontemporer mengenai perang yang mengangkat isu maskulinitas dalam dunia militer dengan menantang ideologi maskulinitas yang bersifat hegemonik dalam dunia militer. Makalah penelitian ini akan menganalisis konstruksi dan representasi maskulinitas yang diangkat oleh film tersebut dengan meneliti fitur-fitur eksplisit dan implisit, seperti simbol, penggunaan bahasa, dan aksi, yang muncul selama film berlangsung. Analisis dilakukan dengan menerapkan berbagai teori yang berkaitan dengan isu maskulinitas, seperti konsep maskulinitas militer, dan teori yang berhubungan dengan setiap fitur yang dianalisis, seperti simbolisme dan penggunaan bahasa oleh pihak atasan utuk menunjukkan kekuasan terhadap bawahan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa film The Yellow Birds berusaha menantang ideologi maskulinitas yang bersifat hegemonik dalam dunia militer dengan cara memanusiakan tokoh prajurit, mengkritik institusi militer, dan menampilkan tokoh prajurit sebagai korban dari maskulinitas hegemonik militer.

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A number of research has found that there has been a shift in the representation of masculinity in war movies, in which the image of traditional masculine “ideal” soldier has gradually been replaced by the image of a more “feminine” soldier. The Yellow Birds (2017) is a contemporary Hollywood war movie which grapples with the issue of masculinity by challenging the notion of hegemonic military masculinity. This research paper will analyze the movie’s construction and representation of masculinity by examining the explicit and implicit elements, such as symbols, language use, and actions, which appear throughout the movie. To do so, it employs various theories and concepts related to the issue, such as the concept of military masculinity, and those related to each of the features of the movie, such as symbolism and the use of language as a means by the superior to demonstrate power over the subordinates. This research demonstrates that the movie attempts to contest hegemonic military masculinity by means of humanizing the characters, criticizing the military institution, and presenting characters as victims of hegemonic military masculinity."

"Most birds cannot cover the distance between their breeding and winter quarters in one hop. They have to make multiple flights alternated with stopovers. Which factors govern the birds’ decisions to stop, to stop for how long, when to resume flight? What is better – to accumulate much fuel and to make long flights for many hundreds of kilometres, or to travel in small steps? Is it necessary to find habitats similar to the breeding ones or other habitats would do? Are long migratory flights indeed so costly energetically as usually assumed? This monograph summarizes our current knowledge on the ecology of songbird migrants during migratory stopovers and on their behaviour.​"

"Annotation the unexpected patterns displayed by a bird's body have been seen as bizarre events or described as 'amazing curiosities'. Rather, they appear to be an integral part of a rigid order and a coherent geometry, which is directed by simple gene interactions and molecular cascades occurring during the organism's development."

"Further detailed research is required to obtain deeper information on the role of wild birds on the distribution of Avian influenza in Asia. A research has been carried out on February?June 2007 focused on blood sampling (serosurveillance) of wild birds in Pulau Dua Nature Reserves (CAPD), Serang, Banten. The research is aimed to investigate the infection of AI virus sub-tye H5N1 on the studied wild birds. The blood samples were taken from studied aquatic birds, followed by HI (haemagglutination-inhibition) test. A total of 183 samples represent 7 water bird species were taken i.e Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis,Javan pond-heron Ardeola speciosa, Little egret Egretta garzetta, Intermediate egret Egretta intermedia, Black-crowned night heron Nycticorax nycticorax, Great egret Casmerodius albus and Grey heron Ardea cinerea. The result revealed that 41 (23.27%) samples showed the present of AIV antibodies serotype H5N1 which is identified as positive. Data showed 5 positive-test species, including B. ibis (29.27%), E. garzetta (29.27%), E. intermedia (4.88%), Ardeola speciosa (7.32%), and N. nycticorax (29.27%). A total of 41.46% were infected adult individual, whereas 58.54% were juveniles."