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"Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has evolved from an obscure method of investigation in the 1980s to a distinct endoscopy subspecialty with interventional and therapeutic capabilities. The art of interpreting EUS images is a skill every endoscopist needs to master. This book helps to meet that need as it is concise, simple to read, and amply illustrated, and describes the technique in a step-by-step manner. Many high-resolution EUS images of diseases are included, and literature reviews are kept short and concise while separate discussions and illustrations are devoted to radial and linear techniques. The book can be used as a reference handbook in the endoscopy room, yet contains all of the relevant information required to perform EUS, interpret images, and reach a diagnosis. Important pathological conditions are thoroughly discussed using representative EUS images, pointing out salient differentiating features, and relevant literature reviews are included. The section on interventional EUS deals with advanced interventional or therapeutic procedures, and potential complications and methods to avoid them are discussed. "

"ABSTRAKMikroalga biasanya hanya dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ikan. Kandungan minyak mikroalga mengandung EPA dan DHA. Selain minyak, mikroalga juga mengandung protein dan karbohidrat yang dapat dijadikan sumber pangan dengan gizi yang baik. Saat ini, sedang marak dilakukan penelitian guna mencari cara memperoleh minyak secara optimum. Untuk memperoleh minyak dari mikroalga ada beberapa metode salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan metode ultrasonik. Kadar minyak yang dihasilkan berbeda-beda sesuai dengan pelarut yang digunakan. Waktu memanen biomassa mikroalga juga perlu diperhitungkan agar dapat diperoleh biomassa yang maksimal. Scenedesmus sp. dapat dipanen pada hari ke 13 dan Coelastrum sp. dapat dipanen pada hari ke 10.

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ABSTRACTMicroalgae are usually used as fish feed. The content of microalga oil containing EPA and DHA. Microalgae also contains protein and carbohydrate that can be used as a source of food with good nutrition. Currently, many research is being done to find way to get optimum oil. There are several methods to obtain oil, one of that is ultrasonic method. The oil produced varies according to the solvent. Harvesting time of microalgae biomass also considered in order to obtain the maximum biomass. Scenedesmus sp. can be harvested on 13th day and Coelastrum sp. on 10th day."

"ABSTRAKPercutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) sebagai pendekatan untuk perawatan batu ginjal membutuhkan penggunaan fluoroskopi X-ray C-arm. Namun demikian, pemanfaatan X-ray C-arm sesuai standar sulit untuk dicapai di sebagian besar rumah sakit di Indonesia. Akses ginjal dengan panduan Ultrasonografi (USG) dalam tindakan PCNL menawarkan solusi untuk mengurangi paparan radiasi selama prosedur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan hasil operasi prosedur PCNL supine dengan panduan USG di Rumah Sakit Adam Malik, Medan. Sebanyak 13 pasien berturut-turut menjalani prosedur supine PCNL dengan panduan USG di Rumah Sakit Adam Malik Medan, Indonesia, dari bulan April hingga Juni 2018. Pasien dengan riwayat operasi batu ginjal terbuka, gangguan fungsi ginjal, dan urosepsis tidak disertakan dalam penelitian. Penelitian prospektif dilakukan dengan mencatat data pasien yang menjalani PCNL, termasuk karakteristik pasien dan batu ginjal, data intraoperatif, dan status batu sisa. Usia rata-rata pasien adalah 46,00 ± 12,92 tahun. Rasio pria-wanita pada pasien adalah 6 : 7. Lebih dari setengah pasien mempunyai batu ginjal kiri (61,54%). Ukuran rata-rata batu adalah 25,71 ± 13,17 mm. Terdapat 11 pasien (84,62%) yang menerima puncture sebanyak satu kali, sementara yang lain menerima 2 kali (1 pasien; 7,69%) dan tiga kali (1 pasien; 7,69%). Rata-rata waktu puncture hingga tindakan nefroskopi adalah 15,64 ± 3,14 menit. Tindakan dilatasi berhasil dilakukan dengan waktu rata-rata 11,46 ± 1,56 menit. Waktu rata-rata nefroskopi adalah 25 menit (18-62 menit), dan total durasi operasi adalah 85,92 ± 33,95 menit. Tingkat keberhasilan tanpa hidronefrosis, hidronefrosis ringan, sedang, dan berat masing-masing adalah 50%, 100%, 100%, dan 50%. Sepuluh pasien bebas batu setelah prosedur (tingkat keberhasilan 76,92%).USG-PCNL memiliki hasil yang memuaskan. Hal ini dapat menjadi pertimbangan bahwa USG-PCNL bisa menjadi alternatif yang baik untuk mengurangi paparan radiasi pada pasien dan ahli urologi.

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ABSTRACTPercutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) as an approach to kidney stone treatment requires a C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy application. Nevertheless, the utilization of standardized C-arm X-ray is complicated to achieve in most of our country hospitals. Ultrasound (US)-guided renal access for PCNL offers the solution for reducing the radiation exposure in the procedure. The present study aims to describe the operation outcomes of US-guided supine PCNL procedure at Adam Malik Hospital, Medan.A total of 13 consecutive patients underwent US-guided supine PCNL procedure at Adam Malik Hospital Medan, Indonesia, from April until June 2018. Patients with a history of open renal stone surgery, impaired renal function, and urosepsis were excluded from the study. We prospectively recorded the data of patients undergoing PCNL, including patient and stone characteristics, intraoperative data, and residual stone status. The mean age of the patients was 46.00 ± 12.92 years. The male-to-female ratio of the patients was 6:7. More than half of the patients had left kidney stone (61.54%). The mean stone size was 25.71 ± 13.17 mm. There were 11 patients (84.62%) who received one-time successful puncture attempt, while the others received 2 (1 patient; 7.69%) and three attempts (1 patient; 7.69%). The mean puncture-to-nephroscope time was 15.64 ± 3.14 minutes. All patients had successful dilation with the mean dilation time was 11.46 ± 1.56 minutes. The median nephroscopy time was 25 (18-62) minutes, and the total operation duration was 85.92 ± 33.95 minutes. The success rates for no hydronephrosis, mild, moderate, and severe hydronephrosis were 50%, 100%, 100%, and 50% respectively. Ten patients were stone-free after the procedure (76.92% success rate). US-PCNL has satisfactory outcomes. It should be considered that US-PCNL could be a good alternative for reducing radiation exposure of the patient and urologist."

"ABSTRAKSeiring meningkatnya kuantitas pertanian di Indonesia, harus diikuti dengan peningkatan kualitas pertanian. Umumnya salah satu indikator atau parameter yang biasa digunakan untuk menunjukan kualitas pertanian adalah jumlah hama yang merusak tanaman di daerah tertentu. Pengendalian organisme pengganggu pada tanaman tersebut dapat diminimalisir dengan produksi bio-insektisida berbasis Getah Pepaya Carica papaya yang disadap lalu diekstraksi dengan gelombang ultrasonik munggunakan pelarut NADES campuran dari Cholin chloride ChCl dan Oxalic acid Ox dengan variasi waktu sonifikasi selama 10, 20, 30 menit dan rasio pelarut 1:2, 3:2, 2:1. Bio-insektisida diproduksi dengan melakukan uji aktivitas enzim secara kualitatif protein dengan metode lowry dan secara kuantitatif menggunakan bantuan spektrofotometer UV/Vis dengan panjang gelombang 750 nm serta uji efikasi. Hasil ekstraksi terbaik didapatkan pada pelarut NADES dengan rasio 1:2 dengan waktu ekstraksi selama 30 menit dengan waktu ekstraksi selama 30 menit menghasilkan konsentrasi protein sebesar 7,23 ppm dan konsentrasi tirosin sebesar 7,9 ppm. Sampel bio-insektisida efektif mematikan ulat grayak dengan tingkat mortalitas 100 dalam rentang waktu 5-7 hari.

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ABSTRACTAlong with the increasing quantity of agriculture in Indonesia, should be followed by improving the quality of agriculture. Generally one of the indicators or parameters commonly used to indicate the quality of agriculture is the number of pests that damage plants in certain areas. The control of disturbing organisms on the plant can be minimized by the bio insecticide production of Carica papaya which is tapped and extracted with ultrasonic assisted using a mixed NADES solvent from Cholin chloride ChCl and Oxalic acid Ox with varying sonification time for 10, 20, 30 minutes and solvent ratio of 1 2, 3 2, 2 1. Bio insecticide was produced by conducting qualitative enzyme activity of protein with lowry method and quantitatively using UV Vis spectrophotometer aid with 750 nm wavelength and efficacy test. The best extraction result was obtained at NADES solvent with 1 2 ratio with extraction time for 30 min with extraction time for 30 minutes yielding protein concentration equal to 7,23 ppm and tyrosine concentration equal to 7,9 ppm. Bio insecticide samples effectively kill grayak caterpillars with 100 mortality within 5 7 days."

"ABSTRAKInkontinensia urin sering ditemukan pada 50% wanita yang berusia dibawah 60. Yang terbanyak adalah inkontinensia urin jenis tekanan (IUT) sebesar 49%. Diketahui bahwa kelemahan otot dasar panggul merupakan salah satu penyebab inkontinensia urin jenis tekanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara kekuatan otot dan ketebalan otot levator ani dengan keluhan IU-T pada perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Comparative Cross Sectional dengan melibatkan wanita yang berkunjung di poliklinik Obstetri dan Ginekologi RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dengan kelompok studi adalah subyek dengan tes batuk positif sedangkan kelompok kontrol adalah subyek dengan tes batuk negative. Data yang diperoleh berupa hasil anamnesis, Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID), pemeriksaan fisik (POPQ), tes batuk. perineometer, dan USG. Sampel berjumlah 82 orang. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara ketebalan otot levator ani terhadap kejadian IUT dengan median ketebalan otot levator ani 0,63 cm (range 0,31-1,02 dan p=0,897). Sedangkan kekuatan otot levator ani terhadap IUT memiliki median 19,5 (range 4,6-88,6 dan p=0,001). Pada analisis multivariat didapatkan bukti bahwa secara murni IUT, prolap dan usia tidak mempunyai pengaruh bermakna terhadap kekuatan otot levator ani dengan nilai p masing-masing 0,243; 0,844; 0,903.

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ABSTRACTUrinary incontinence is often found in 50% of women under the age of 60. The most common is pressure type urinary incontinence (IUT) of 49%. It is known that pelvic floor muscle weakness is one of the causes of pressure type urinary incontinence. This study aims to examine the relationship between muscle strength and levator ani muscle thickness with IU-T complaints in women. This study uses a Comparative Cross Sectional design by involving women visiting the Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic of RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo with the study group were subjects with positive cough tests while the control group were subjects with negative cough tests. The data obtained in the form of history taking, Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID), physical examination (POPQ), cough test. perineometer, and ultrasound. A sample of 82 people. The results of this study found no significant difference between the levator ani muscle thickness to the incidence of IUT with the median levator ani muscle thickness 0.63 cm (range 0.31-1.02 and p = 0.897). While levator ani muscle strength against IUT has a median of 19.5 (range 4.6-88.6 and p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis it was found that purely IUT, prolapse and age had no significant effect on the strength of levator ani muscles with a p value of 0.243 each; 0.844; .903."

"Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the most severe complications in a patient with diabetes mellitus because it will lead to with amputation, which results in disability and death. Doppler ultrasound is an easily available and non-invasive modality for evaluating lower limb arteries and can detect the severity of blood flow disorders or peripheral arterial disease (PAD). WHO recommends the classification of perfusion, extent/size, depth/tissue loss, infection, and sensation (PEDIS) as a tool for establishing the diagnosis and helping determine the management of diabetic foot. This study aims to see the correlation of PEDIS scores in assessing impaired lower limb arterial flow with Doppler ultrasound in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Method: This was a cross-sectional study with subjects who has diabetic foot ulcer treated in the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. The data of PEDIS scores and spectral ultrasound in the femoral artery, popliteal artery, dorsalis pedis artery, and posterior tibial artery were taken. Results: As many as 81 subjects participated in this study, with 52 people (64%) were male, 29 people (36%) were female, and an average age of 59.8 ± 10.5 years. Pedis cut-off scores were obtained using ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves, with popliteal arteries scores of >10, dorsalis pedis arteries, and posterior tibial arteries scores of >8 had the best values as diagnostic tools compared to USG as reference standards."

"Solanesol memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi dan absorpsi radikal bebas yang kuat dan sebagai bahan baku intermediat koenzim Q10. Solanesol umumnya ditemukan di tanaman solanaceous. Daun tembakau termasuk tanaman yang mengandung sumber solanesol terbanyak. Sintesis berbantuan ultrasonik (UAE) meningkatkan rendemen ekstrak melalui reduksi waktu proses, temperatur rendah, dan penggunaan pelarut yang aman. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi kelayakan investasi dari pabrik produksi solanesol dari daun tembakau sebagai bahan baku intermediat koenzim Q10. Pabrik akan dibangun di daerah Temanggung dengan masa usia proyek 15 tahun dan ditargetkan mampu memenuhi 1% market share di Asia Pasifik. Penelitian ini membandingkan tiga alur skenario proses ekstraksi solanesol, yaitu UAE Skenario 1, UAE Skenario 2, dan Soxhlet. Perangkat lunak SuperPro Designer digunakan untuk mensimulasikan proses produksi sehingga diperoleh data neraca massa, energi, dan parameter keekonomian. Simulasi menunjukkan produksi solanesol dengan metode ekstraksi UAE Skenario 1 pada daun tembakau sebagai skenario terbaik dengan nilai konversi 2,3% dan parameter profitabilitas berupa NPV, IRR, PBP, dan ROI sebesar USD 25.764.000, 34,45%, 2,20 tahun, dan 45,49% secara berurutan pada harga jual solanesol sebesar USD 2100/kg. Alternatif lain dengan metode UAE Skenario 2 dan Soxhlet memiliki nilai konversi tertinggi dan terendah, yaitu masing – masing 2,5%, dan 2,17%, dengan nilai parameter profitabilitas positif

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Solanesol has high antioxidant activity and strong free radical absorption, and serves as an intermediate raw material for coenzyme Q10. Solanesol commonly found in solanaceous plants. Tobacco leaves are the highest source of solanesol. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) increases the extract yield through reduce process time, low temperature, and using safe solvents. This study evaluates economic feasibility in solanesol production plant from tobacco leaves. The plant will be built in the Temanggung city with a project lifespan of 15 years and aims to achieve a 1% market share in the Asia Pasific region. This research compares three process extraction scenarios for solanesol: UAE Scenario 1, UAE Scenario 2, and Soxhlet. The SuperPro Designer software is used to simulate the production process, obtaining data on mass and energy balance, and economic parameters. The simulation shows that solanesol production using UAE Scenario 1 is the best scenario, with a conversion rate of 2,3% and profitability parameters such as NPV, IRR, PBP, and ROI of USD 25.764.000, 34,45%, 2,20 years, and 45,49% respectively, at solanesol selling price of USD 2.100/kg. Meanwhile, UAE Scenario 2 and Soxhlet methods has the highest and lowest conversion rates at 2,5% and 2,17% respectively, with positive profitability parameters."

"Injektor kontras digunakan untuk memasukkan zat kontras ke dalam tubuh pasien, meningkatkan kontrast gambar medis untuk membantu diagnosis kondisi medis. Salah satu contohnya adalah pada pemeriksaan Pulmonary Embolism (PE), di mana Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA) dengan menggunakan injektor kontras menjadi gold standard. Pentingnya keamanan pasien diakui sebagai kewajiban fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Metode gravimetri merupakan metode kalibrasi umum yang melibatkan pengukuran berat komponen dalam keadaan murni. Namun, metode ini memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama dan stabilisasi lingkungan. Pada penelitian sebelumnya telah membahas berbagai aspek teknis dan ketidakpastian yang terkait dengan metode Doppler ultrasound, memberikan dasar bagi penelitian lebih lanjut. Metode gravimetri (reference) digunakan sebagai standar atau acuan dalam pengukuran laju alir. Metode Doppler ultrasound digunakan sebagai metode alternatif untuk mengukur laju alir. Data diambil pada berbagai tingkat laju alir (3 mL/s, 5 mL/s, dan 10 mL/s). Pengolahan data pada metode gravimetri melibatkan penimbangan massa air, koreksi suhu, dan koreksi kalibrasi timbangan analitik. Pengukuran dengan Doppler ultrasound dilakukan dengan menggunakan mode Doppler pada alat ultrasonography. Pengukuran dengan memanfaatkan Doppler ultrasound pada alat ultrasonography tidak dapat dilakukan pada laju alir di bawah 3 mL/s. Pada titik 3 mL/s, akurasi pengukuran metode gravimetri (reference) sebesar 96%, sedangkan metode Doppler ultrasound mencapai 101%. Pada titik 5 mL/s, akurasi metode gravimetri (reference) sebesar 97%, sedangkan metode Doppler ultrasound mencapai 87%. Pada titik 10 mL/s, akurasi metode gravimetri (reference) sebesar 97%, sedangkan metode Doppler ultrasound mencapai 99%. Metode gravimetri (reference) memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama (± 1 Jam) dengan proses pengambilan data pada dua lokasi berbeda. Metode Doppler ultrasound membutuhkan waktu yang lebih singkat (± 100 detik) dan dapat dilakukan pada lokasi alat injektor kontras berada (insitu). Meskipun perbedaan antara kedua metode tidak selalu signifikan secara statistik, metode Doppler ultrasound menunjukkan keunggulan dalam hal waktu pengukuran yang lebih singkat

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Contrast injectors are used to insert a contrast substance into the patient's body, enhancing the contrast of medical images to help diagnose medical conditions. One example is the examination of pulmonary embolism (PE), where computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) using a contrast injector became the gold standard. The importance of patient safety is recognized as a duty of healthcare facilities. Gravimetric method is a general calibration method that involves measuring the weight of components in pure condition. However, this method takes quite a while and stabilizes the environment. The previous research has addressed various technical aspects and uncertainties associated with the Doppler ultrasound method, providing the basis for further research. The gravimetric reference method is used as a standard or reference in the measurement of the flow rate. The data was taken at different flow rates (3 mL/s, 5 mL/s, and 10 mL/s). Data processing using gravimetric methods involves water mass weighing, temperature correction, and calibration correction of analytical scales. Doppler ultrasound measurements are performed using Doppler mode in ultrasonography. At 3 mL/s, the measurement accuracy of the gravimetric method is 96%, while the Doppler ultrasound method is 101%. At point 5 mL/s, the precision of the Gravimetric method is 97%, whereas the Doppler ultrasount method is 87%. At the point of 10 mL, the gravimetric reference method is 97% compared to 99%. The gravimetric method takes quite a long time (± 1 hour) with the data collection process at two different locations. The Doppler ultrasound technique takes a shorter time (± 100 seconds) and can be performed at the location where the contrast injector device is located. Although the differences between the two methods are not statistically significant, the Doppler ultrasound method shows an advantage in terms of shorter measurement times."

"Rimpang temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) merupakan tanaman obat yang bermanfaat sebagai antioksidan karena mengandung kurkuminoid dan xantorizol. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan kombinasi NADES terbaik dan kondisi ekstraksi yang optimum serta membandingkan hasil kadar ekstraksi NADES-UAE dengan hasil kadar ekstraksi etanol-maserasi. Penggunaan NADES berpotensi mengekstraksi senyawa hidrofobik sehingga dilakukan optimasi kondisi ekstraksi agar mendapatkan kondisi optimal untuk mengekstraksi senyawa kurkuminoid dan xantorizol. Komponen NADES yang digunakan adalah kolin klorida dengan gula sederhana (glukosa, fruktosa, dan sukrosa). Optimasi kondisi ekstraksi ditentukan dengan metode Response Surface Methodology menggunakan tiga variabel bebas, yaitu penambahan air pada NADES (10–30%), rasio pelarut dan serbuk (15–25 mL/g), dan waktu ekstraksi (10–30 menit). Penetapan kadar kurkuminoid dan xantorizol dilakukan dengan menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi kolin klorida dan sukrosa mendapatkan hasil yang paling tinggi. Kondisi yang optimum untuk mengekstraksi senyawa kurkuminoid dan xantorizol adalah penambahan air pada NADES 10%, rasio pelarut terhadap serbuk 25 mL/g, dan waktu ekstraksi 20 menit. Hasil ekstraksi maserasi-etanol 96% didapatkan dengan hasil kadar kurkuminoid dan xantorizol yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan NADES-UAE. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan NADES berbasis kolin klorida-sukrosa dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pelarut organik untuk mengekstraksi senyawa kurkuminoid dan xantorizol.

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Javanese turmeric rhizome (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is a medicinal plant used as an antioxidative agent because it contains curcuminoid dan xanthorrhizol. This research aimed to find the best combination of NADES and the optimal extraction condition and compare the extract level of NADES-UAE with the extract level of ethanol-maceration. NADES has a potential to extract hydrophobic compound, optimization of extraction condition conducted to find an optimal condition for extract curcuminoid and xanthorrhizol. NADES components used are choline chloride and sugar (glucose, fructose, and sucrose). The optimization of extraction condition was conducted using Response Surface Methodology with three variables, namely water percentage (10–30%), ratio of solvent to powder (15–25 mg/L), and extraction time (10–30 minutes). The analysis of curcuminoid and xanthorrhizol was performed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Choline chloride-sucrose showed the highest result for extraction. The optimal conditions were obtained at 10% of water percentage, 25 mL/g ratio of solvent to powder, and 20 minutes of extraction time. The extraction results obtained in the maceration methods with 96% ethanol extract showed the curcuminoid and xanthorrhizol level is higher than NADES-UAE. Based on the result, it can be concluded that choline chloride-sucrose based NADES can be used as an alternative to organic solvent to extract curcuminoid and xanthorrhizol.

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"Logam berat seperti timbal (Pb) merupakan salah satu unsur jejak (trace element) yang bersifat sangat toksik bahkan pada konsentrasi yang sangat rendah. Aktivitas industri merupakan sumber utama limbah Pb di lingkungan. Maka dari itu diperlukan metode dengan limit deteksi rendah serta selektivitas tinggi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemisahan dan analisis Pb dari lingkungan seperti metode prakonsentrasi. Metode prakonsentrasi yang paling umum digunakan adalah Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE). Pada penelitian ini disintesis Pb(II)- ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) untuk meningkatkan selektivitas dan sensitivitas metode ekstraksi fasa padat (II) menggunakan ion Pb2+ sebagai ion template, asam galat sebagai ligan, 4-vinilpiridin sebagai monomer fungsional, AIBN sebagai inisiator, dan EGDMA sebagai agen pengikat silang. Sintesis IIP menggunakan gelombang ultrasound bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi polimerisasi. NIP sebagai pembanding disintesis dengan metode yang sama, tanpa menggunakan template. Hasil sintesis Pb(II)-IIP dan NIP dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR, SEM-EDS, TGA. Pb(II)-IIP 1:1 memiliki kapasitas adsorpsi paling besar yaitu 123,812 mg/g optimum pada pH 6 dan waktu kontak 120 menit. Isoterm adsorpsinya mengikuti isoterm Freundlich dan kinetika adsorpsinya mengikuti persamaan pseudo-orde dua. Parameter validasi linearitas menghasilkan nilai R2 = 0,9882, repeatabilitas dengan nilai RSD 0,086%, selektivitas terhadap logam biner Pb/Fe, Pb/Zn, Pb/Cd, Pb/Cu, dan Pb/Cr menghasilkan nilai α berurutan 16,6; 52,5; 39,2; 18,5; dan 24 yang berarti Pb(II)-IIP selektif terhadap Pb dibanding logam kompetitornya, dan uji rekoveri menunjukan hasil dengan akurasi yang baik dengan nilai persen rekoveri 104,180%; 105,431%; dan 104,262%.

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Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal that is extremely toxic even at low concentrations. Pb waste in the environment comes primarily from industrial activity. To improve the efficiency of the separation and analysis of Pb from the environment, a method with a low detection limit and good selectivity, such as the preconcentration method, is required. Solid-Phase Extraction is the most popular preconcentration technique (SPE). Using Pb2+ ions as template ions, gallic acid as ligand, 4-vinylpyridine as functional monomer, AIBN as an initiator, and EGDMA as a crosslinking agent, a Pb(II)-ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) was synthesized to improve the selectivity and sensitivity of the solid phase (II) extraction method. The goal of ultrasound-assisted IIP synthesis is to improve polymerization efficiency. NIP was synthesized using the same method as NIP, but without the use of a template. FTIR, SEM-EDS, and TGA were used to characterize the results of the Pb(II)-IIP and NIP synthesis. The adsorption capacity of Pb(II)-IIP 1:1 is the highest, with 123.812 mg/g optimal at pH 6 and a contact time of 120 minutes. The Freundlich isotherm is followed by the adsorption isotherm, and the pseudo second order equation is followed by the adsorption kinetics. The linearity validation parameter resulted in the value of R2 = 0.9882, the reliability with the RSD value 0.086%, selectivity to binary metals Pb/Fe, Pb/Zn, Pb/Cd, Pb/Cu, and Pb/Cr resulted in sequential values: 16.6; 52.5; 39.2; 18.5; and 24, which means that Pb(II)-IIP is selective for Pb compared to its competitor metals, and the recovery test shows good accuracy with the percent recovery values of 104,180%; 105,431%; and 104,262%."