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"ABSTRACTTugas karya akhir ini membahas pengaruh kebijakan extrajudicial killings terhadap kemunculan gerakan YouthResist di Filipina tahun 2016-2018. Penelitian ini mengajukan pertanyaan bagaimana pengaruh kebijakan extrajudicial killings terhadap kemunculan gerakan YouthResist di Filipina tahun 2016-2018. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa kebijakan extrajudicial killings membawa pengaruh yang cukup besar terhadap perkembangan respon masyarakat Filipina mengenai hak asasi manusia yang dilihat dari munculnya gerakan YouthResist tahun 2017 di Filipina. Karena dalam menjalankan kebijakan ini Duterte menggunakan cara kekerasan, dianggap telah melakukan kejahatan genosida dan dinilai telah melanggar hak asasi manusia seperti hak untuk hidup dan hak atas persidangan yang adil. Penulis menggunakan teori stages of mass mobilization untuk melihat asal usul mobilisasi massa dan konsep kelompok kepentingan untuk melihat sejauh mana eksistensi dan peranan yang dijalankan oleh gerakan"

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas tentang tragedi yang terjadi pada masyarakat Muslim Moro di Filipina tahun 1968. Ini merupakan peristiwa yang terjadi pada masa pemerintahan Presiden Marcos. Penulis merumuskan dua pertanyaan yaitu apa yang melatarbelakangi tragedi Jabidah dan pengaruhnya bagi masyarakat Muslim Moro. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode historis, yakni penulis meneliti dan menganalisis data masa lalu dari objek yang diteliti melalui studi kepustakaan (Library Research). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengungkapkan latar belakang terjadinya tragedi Jabidah di Corregidor tahun 1968 dan pengaruhnya bagi masyarakat Muslim Moro. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah: pertama, tragedi Jabidah terjadi karena sukarelawan Tausug dari Sulu mengetahui tujuan sebenarnya dari Operasi Merdeka yang dibentuk oleh pemerintah Filipina. Sukarelawan dari Sulu tidak menyukai jika mereka harus menyerang masyarakat Sabah yang memiliki hubungan baik dengan masyarakat Tausug. Kedua, peristiwa ini mengakibatkan demonstrasi masyarakat Muslim Moro dan dari demonstrasi ini membangkitkan semangat Muslim Moro untuk mendirikan organisasi-organisasi radikal. Organisasi tersebut bertujuan untuk menjadikan Filipina Selatan sebagai negara Muslim Moro yang independen. Organisasi tersebut juga ikut serta membela masyarakat Muslim Moro dalam setiap insiden yang terjadi pasca tragedy Jabidah.

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AbstractThis thesis talked about the tragedy that occurred on the Moro Islamic community at the Philippines in 1968. This is an event that happened during the reign of President Marcos. Authors formulate two questions of what lies behind the tragedy and its influence Jabidah for Moro Muslim communities. Research method used is the historical method, the authors examine and analyze past data of the object under study through library research. The purpose of this study is to reveal the background of the tragedy Jabidah at Corregidor in 1968 and this influence for the Muslim Moro people. The findings from this research are: first, the tragedy occurred because Jabidah volunteers Tausug from Sulu to know the real purpose of Operation Merdeka which was formed by the Philippine government. Volunteers from the Sulu did not like if they have to attack the Sabah people who have good relations with the Tausug community. Second, this incident resulted in public demonstrations and the Moro Muslims of this demonstration uplifting to establish a radical organizations. The organization aims to make the Southern Philippines as a country independent Moro Muslims. This organization also participated defend the Moro Islamic community in every incident that happened after the tragedy of Jabidah."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini berjudul ldquo;Agenda Dynamics Penyanderaan WNI: Analisis Agenda Media dan Pemerintah Negara Republik Indonesia dan Filipina dalam kasus Penyanderaan WNI oleh Kelompok Abu Sayyaf dengan tujuan penelitian: 1 untuk mengetahui agenda Media di Republik Indonesia dan Filipina di balik pemberitaan tentang penyanderaan WNI oleh Kelompok Abu Sayyaf; 2 untuk mengetahui agenda policy Pemri dan Pemerintah Filipina dalam upaya pembebasan WNI yang di sandera oleh Kelompok Abu Sayyaf; 3 untuk mengetahui agenda public dalam hal penyanderaan WNI oleh Kelompok Abu Sayyaf; 4 untuk memberitakan keberhasilan Pemri dalam membebaskan WNI yang di sandera oleh kelompok Abu Sayyaf.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ialah analisis agenda setting, wawancara dan tabulasi dimana instrumen yang digunakan oleh penulis ialah: 1 mencari tahu unsur kerangka teori yang terdiri atas: a mengetahui fungsi agenda setting; b mengetahui strategi framing media; c dan mengetahui fungsi bahasa. 2 Selanjutnya penulis juga mencari tahu tentang pembentukan teks yang terdiri atas: a pemberlakuan atas peristiwa; b sumber yang dikutip; c cara penyajian; dan d simbol yang digunakan. 3 Setelah proses tersebut dilakukan, penulis akan melakukan evidensi melalui: a alat pembuktian; b bukti dalam teks; dan c makna, dimana dengan hal tersebut penulis dapat menyimpulkan apa yang sebenarnya tengah disampaikan dan diarahkan media.Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini menyebutkan bahwa segala yang disampaikan oleh media memiliki agenda penting sebagaimana: 1 agenda publik, dimana publik mengharapkan atau menuntutkan sesuatu kepada pemerintah; 2 agenda kebijakan pemerintah, dimana pemerintah akan mengarahkan media untuk memberitakan segala upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah akan tuntutan publik; 3 agenda media, dimana media akan mempertemukan dua pandang: publik dan pemerintah untuk nanti dituangkan dalam pragmatis pemberitaan. Dengan demikian penulis menyimpulkan bahwa publik selama ini telah diteror oleh kelompok-kelompok radikal yang mengatasnamakan agama sebagai legitimasi konflik, maka, publik mendesak pemerintah untuk melakukan pemberantasan tindak kejahatan yang dilakukan oleh kelompok-kelompok tersebut. Untuk itu, media juga berupaya menyorot kinerja dan perkembangan penanganan pemerintah dalam memberantas tindakan-tindakan teror yang tidak bisa dibenarkan oleh ajaran agama apa pun tersebut.Keywords:Agenda Setting, Penyanderaan, Kelompok Abu Sayyaf, Media Cetak, Filipina, Indonesia, 2016

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ABSTRACTThis study is entitled Agenda Dynamics of the Indonesian Citizens taken into hostage Agenda Setting Analysis of the Media and Governments of the Republic of Indonesia and the Philippines in the case of kidnapping of Indonesian citizens by the Abu Sayyaf Group with research objectives 1 to determine the agenda of the Media in the Republic of Indonesia and the Philippines behind the coverage of the kidnapping of the Indonesian citizen by The Abu Sayyaf Group 2 to determine the policy agenda of the Indonesian Government and the Government of the Philippines in an effort free the Indonesian citizens taken into hostage by the Abu Sayyaf Group 3 to determine the public agenda in the kidnapping of the Indonesian citizens by the Abu Sayyaf Group 4 to cover the Indonesian Government 39 s success in liberating the citizens taken into hostage by the Abu Sayyaf Group.The methods used in the research are agenda setting analysis, interviews and tabulation in which the instruments used by the author are 1 finding out elements of theoretical framework consisting of a determining the function of agenda setting B determine the strategy of media framing C determining the function of language. 2 Furthermore, the author also researches the formation of a text consisting of a the enactment of the events B the sources cited C how the they are presented and d the symbols used. 3 Once the process is done, we would go through the evidences of a The means of proof B evidence in the text and c the meaning, which the authors to conclude that what is actually being delivered and directed by the media.The results of this study mentions that everything conveyed by the media has an important agenda as 1 the public agenda, in which the public expects or demands something from the government 2 the government 39 s policy agenda, which the government will direct the media to promote all the government 39 s efforts regarding to public demand 3 the media agenda, which the media will bring together two views the public and the government work coexisting pragmatically. Thus the author concludes that some Indonesian citizens had been terrorized by radical groups in the name of religion as the legitimacy of the conflict, then, publicly urges the government to make the eradicate crimes committed by these groups. To that end, the media also seeks to highlight the government 39 s handling performance and progress in combating acts of terror can not be justified by the teachings of any religion.Keywords Agenda Setting, Hostage, Kidnapping Abu Sayyaf Group, Print Media, Phillipines, Indonesia, 2016 "

"ABSTRAKThe leading causes of infant deaths are largely preventable and there are reasons from both the supply and the demand sides of healthcare why they may be perpetuating. This study aimed to ascertain factors affecting the preventive healthcare behaviour of immunisation of infants in the Philippines which is timely because completion, or adherence, rate had plateaued in recent decades. The method employed was the creation of statistical models at sub-nationallevel. The sample contained infants born prior to the 2013 Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey to determine proper adherence to the government-mandated immunisation schedule. This involved merging the 17 administrative regions of the country to the traditional three sub-national regions. It is observed that the higher maternal education level and improved household socioeconomic status were the most indicative factors of improved adherence across all regions. This is also the case to some extent with more advanced maternal ages at giving birth. Autonomy of mothers to visit healthcare facilities depicts conflicting relations for different regions as well as how mothers behave depending on the nature of intention to give birth. These aspects regarding predictive factors of preventive care have yet to be studied keenly at the regional level in the Philippines."

"ABSTRAKPangotoeb refers to the traditional tattooing among the Pantaron Manobo of Mindanao, a practice that has not been given a systematic description and analysis before in Philippine or Mindanao studies. After giving a review of early historical and recent reports on this practice, this article provides an ethnographic description of Pantaron Manobo tattooing on the following aspects: (a) the tattoo practitioner (and her socio-symbolic contexts); (b) tools and techniques; (c) variations in body placements; (d) basic designs; and (e) the given reasons why present-day Manobo tattoo themselves. In terms of Philippine tattooing technique, this study highlights the importance of distinguishing three modal hand movements: hand-tapping, handpoking, and incising techniques; this last is unique to Mindanao relative to the rest of the Philippines and perhaps Southeast Asia. This paper also opens a comparative and exploratory cognitive approach in studying Manobo tattooing practice. Calling for a methodological declustering of the study of tattooing from its frequent association with male/warrior identity, this article concludes by selecting a limited set of figures that appears to be an enduring schema underlying Manobo tattooing practice: (a) the central role of the female gender; (b) the unique importance of the navel/abdomen as a tattooing region of the (female) body; and (c) the importance of the ridge-pole (and the house in general) in naming tattoo figures and attributing significances. These appear to be more resonant with many other aspects of Manobo culture to warrant giving this schema a heuristic value for future studies."