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"Stochastic Optimal Control (SOC), a mathematical theory concerned with minimizing a cost (or maximizing a payout) pertaining to a controlled dynamic process under uncertainty—has proven incredibly helpful to understanding and predicting debt crises and evaluating proposed financial regulation and risk management. Stochastic Optimal Control and the U.S. Financial Debt Crisis analyzes SOC in relation to the 2008 U.S. financial crisis, and offers a detailed framework depicting why such a methodology is best suited for reducing financial risk and addressing key regulatory issues. Topics discussed include the inadequacies of the current approaches underlying financial regulations, the use of SOC to explain debt crises and superiority over existing approaches to regulation, and the domestic and international applications of SOC to financial crises. "

"AbstractThe world has experienced many developments of each economic model. The interesting thing is that, the worldwide economic development tend to be a linear development. If we see on the past, e.g. several centuries ago, the economy in the world is all on the pure form of trading. Every area, with its own communities, has different natural resources and their own made-craft. Because of the difference in the community and natural resources each area has, it results on the commodity differentiation. It can not be denied that as the time goes by, human?s needs will also develop not only in the sense of housing, clothes, and food needs but it is beyond those needs. The needs for other things and the eminence of each area of its natural resources are the factors which are finally emerging the need of exchange by inter-individuals on each area and to other areas. This is what we called as trading, in advance. By the existence of this kind of trading and the certainty of place and system, these result on the existence of what we call now as market. In the modernity context, what is explained as market here is a traditional market. The question is the existence of traditional market still relevant in the daily economic model, in which nowadays we are not in the peak time of traditional market anymore? Trading model which has capital source and orientation is being the focus of today's economy."

"Southeast Asian Affairs is the only one of its kind: a comprehensive annual review devoted to the international relations, politics, and economies of the region and its nation-states. The collected volumes of Southeast Asian Affairs have become a compendium documenting the dynamic evolution of regional and national developments in Southeast Asia from the end of the ?second? Vietnam War to the alarms and struggles of today. Over the years, the editors have drawn on the talents and expertise not only of ISEAS? own professional research staff and visiting fellows, but have also reached out to tap leading scholars and analysts elsewhere in Southeast and East Asia, Australia and New Zealand, North America, and Europe. A full list of contributors over forty years reads like a kind of who?s who in Southeast Asian Studies."

"This paper reviews some major works of Thee Kian Wie, one of Indonesia?s most distinguished economic historians, that spans from the Colonial period until the post-New Order period. His works emphasize that economic history can guide future economic policy. Current problems in Indonesia were resulted from past policy failures. Indonesia needs to consistently embark on open economic policies, free itself from "colonial period mentality". Investment should be made in rebuilding crumbling infrastructure, improving the quality of health and education services, and addressing poor law enforcement. If current corruption persists, Indonesia could not hope to become a dynamic and prosperous country."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas mengenai modernisasi dan ekonomi masyarakat nelayan, yang menempatkan ruang spasial di Kampung Gusung Distrik Ujung Tanah Kotamadya Ujung Pandang. Masa temporal yang diambil adalah antara tahun 1954 sampai 1998, dengan pertimbangan bahwa pada masa itu terjadi perkembangan ekonomi nelayan akibat adanya modernisasi. Secara umum, nelayan dipandang sebagai kelompok masyarakat yang miskin dan termarjinalkan. Dari segi ekonomi, masyarakat nelayan sebagian besar belum berorientasi pasar profil oriented yang digolongkan masih bersifat subsiten. Namun, gejala seperti ini tidak nampak pada masyarakat nelayan di Kampung Gusung, kehidupan nelayan lebih menujukkan ekonomi yang komersial. Atas kerjasama para local enterpreneurs dengan investor asal Jepang melalui perusahan perikanan PT. Sendid dan PT. Bonecom, hasil tangkapan nelayan berupa udang dan telur ikan terbang mengalami surplus, lalu sebagian besar di ekspor ke Jepang. Pada era ini, hampir semua masyarakat nelayan yang terlibat dalam usaha tersebut memiliki beberapa buah ldquo;ringgit emas rdquo; yang dalam tradisi masyarakat Bugis-Makassar, emas dilambangkan kesuksesan. Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran mengenai kehidupan ekonomi masyarakat nelayan Kampung Gusung. Sebelum adanya modernisasi, kehidupan nelayan telah menujukkan ekonomi yang komersial dengan wilayah pemasaran dan perdagangan ke Surabaya, Jakarta, Manado, Ambon, Lombok. Setelah adanya modernisasi, wilayah pemasaran lebih luas lagi, sampai ke Jepang. Dengan adanya etos kerja dan budaya gotong royong assiajingeng yang diaktualisasikan dalam hubungan Punggawa-Sawi menjadikan masyarakat nelayan Kampung Gusung lebih maju dibandingkan sebagian besar nelayan yang ada di Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the modernization and economy of fishermen community. The spatial research area was located in Kampung Gusung Ujung Tanah District Ujung Pandang City. Temporal period taken was between 1954 to 1998, with the consideration that there was economic development of fishermen at that time due to the modernization. In general, fishermen are viewed as a poor and marginalized community. From an economic point of view, the fishermen community is largely not market oriented profit oriented yet, which is still classified as subsistence. However, this phenomenon did not appear to the fishermen community in Kampung Gusung, the fishermen rsquo s life showed more toward the commercial economy. On the cooperation of local enterpreneurs with investors from Japan through fishery companies such as PT. Sendid and PT. Bonecom, the catch of fishermen in the form of shrimp and flying fish eggs had surplus, then most of them were exported to Japan. In this era, almost all fishermen communities involved in the business had some gold ringgit , which in the Bugis Makassar society tradition, gold symbolizes success. This study provides an overview of the economic life of the fishermen of Kampung Gusung. Prior to modernization, fishermen 39 s life had shown a commercial economy with marketing and trade areas to Surabaya, Jakarta, Manado, Ambon, and Lombok. After the modernization, the marketing area was wider, reaching to Japan. The work ethic and gotong royong culture assiajingeng , which was actualized in Punggawa Sawi relationship, made the fishermen community of Kampung Gusung more advanced than most fishermen in Indonesia."

"By using empirical understanding and new policy data, this important new title investigates the world-wide economic crisis. The global recession has had a truly international reach, with repercussions reverberating throughout nations and across societies. The book examines the overall causes of the crisis and the failures of mainstream economics, and analysis the rising tide of poverty and social inequality resulting from the recession. It also examines the relationship between the crisis and economic systems, and examines the evolution of the global monetary system and history of central banking. Finally, it delves into BRICS with a particular focus on China and India, as well as Europe and the US. This work will be of interest to researchers, students and academics in economics and policy. "

"The Zheng family of merchants and militarists emerged from the tumultuous seventeenth century amid a severe economic depression, a harrowing dynastic transition from the ethnic Chinese Ming to the Manchu Qing, and the first wave of European expansion into East Asia. Under four generations of leaders over six decades, the Zheng had come to dominate trade across the China Seas. Their average annual earnings matched, and at times exceeded, those of their fiercest rivals: the Dutch East India Company. Although nominally loyal to the Ming in its doomed struggle against the Manchus, the Zheng eventually forged an autonomous territorial state based on Taiwan with the potential to encompass the family's entire economic sphere of influence. Through the story of the Zheng, Xing Hang provides a fresh perspective on the economic divergence of early modern China from western Europe, its twenty-first-century resurgence, and the meaning of a Chinese identity outside China."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas suatu lembaga yang melakukan penyelidikan mengenai tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat Jawa. Komisi bernama Mindere Welvaart Commissie. Skripsi ini mengambil periodisasi tahun 1902-1914. Tahun 1902 adalah awal mula penyelidikan yang ditandai dengan surat keputusan pemerintah mengenai pembentukan komisi tersebut, sedangkan 1914 adalah akhir dari penyelidikan yang ditandai dengan rampungnya seluruh hasil laporan penyelidikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usaha-usaha untuk memperbaiki tingkat kesejahteraan rakyat bukan hanya melalui regulasi ekonomi di tingkat pusat, melainkan memerlukan juga keterlibatan sektor ekonomi mikro yang potensial di kalangan rakyat kecil.

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ABSTRACTThis study discusses an institution which investigated on the prosperity of Javanese: the commission so-called Mindere Welvaart Commissie. The period of this study is between 1902-1914. It takes 1902 as the starting point of the investigation which was marked by the governmental decree about establishment of the commission, while 1914 is the end of the investigation which was marked by accomplishment of the whole investigation reports. The result of this study shows that the efforts to improve the prosperity of Javanese not only through the economic regulation of central government, but also the involvement of the potential micro economic sector within the common people."

"The book provides a panoramic approach to social exclusion, with emphasis on structural causes (education, health, accidents) and on short term causes connected with the crisis which started in 2008. The picture emerging, based on econometric analysis, is that the crisis has widened the risk of social exclusion, from the structural groups, like disabled people and formerly convicted people, to other groups, like the young, unemployed, low skilled workers and immigrants, in terms of income, poverty, health, unemployment, transition between occupational statuses, participation, leading to a widening of socio-economic duality. It has also been stressed the relevance of definitions of socio-economic outcomes for the evaluation of the crisis, and their consequences to define interventions to fight socio-economic effects of the economic downturn. The adequacy of welfare policies to cope with social exclusion, especially during a crisis, has been called into question."

"Once the jewel in the crown of the formidable British Empire, India has been surrounded by myth for years. After gaining independence in 1948, this often misunderstood country found itself faced with a new sense of freedom - and along with it, enormous burdens and challenges. While exotic, mysterious, and seductive, it has also become an economic force to be reckoned with. With the fourth largest economy in the world, the largest youth population on Earth, and a thriving middle class, India is the second-most-preferred destination for foreign investment."