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Abstrak :
Contents: 1. Essential Math Review for Medication calculations 2. Modern metric system and medication calculations 3. Reconstituted medications 4. Parenteral medication calculations 5. Oral and injectable hormone medications 6. Medications for infants and children

Abstrak :
Logistic map adalah fungsi rekursif yang mememenuhi sifat chaos pada saat tertentu, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk sistem kriptografi. Sedangkan arithmetic coding adalah salah satu metode kompresi lossless compression yang berdasarkan statistik. Penggunaan logistic map akan dikombinasikan dengan arithmetic coding untuk sistem kriptografi citra digital. Skema yang akan digunakan adalah dengan permutasi, kompresi dan difusi sehingga menghasilkan tingkat keamanan yang lebih baik. Pada tugas akhir ini, akan dibahas tentang logistic map, fungsi chaos, arithmetic coding, implementasi algoritma enkripsi citra digital terkompresi arithmetic coding dengan menggunakan logistic map, dan analisa ketahanan sistem kriptografi tersebut dari berbagai jenis serangan. ...... Logistic map is a recursive function that qualify chaos criteria while meet certain condition, so can be used to construct a cryptograph system. Meanwhile arithmetic coding is one of lossless compression method that based on statistic approach. The use of logistic map will be combined with arithmetic coding to construct a cryptograph system. Scheme that will be used in this system are permutation, compression and diffusion, so that produce better security and privacy. In this thesis, topics that will be discussed are logistic map, chaos function, arithmetic coding, algoritm implementation of encypting the compressed image by arithmetic coding with logistic map, and the endurance analysis of this cryptograph system from several attack methods.

Abstrak :
This is not a book on algorithms. It is a book that shows how to translate efficiently an algorithm to a circuit, using techniques such as parallelism, pipeline, loop unrolling, and others. Numerous examples of FPGA implementation are described throughout this book and the circuits are modeled in VHDL. Complete and synthesizable source files are available for download.

Abstrak :
This is the first book to focus on the problem of ensuring the correctness of floating-point hardware designs through mathematical methods. Formal Verification of Floating-Point Hardware Design advances a verification methodology based on a unified theory of register-transfer logic and floating-point arithmetic that has been developed and applied to the formal verification of commercial floating-point units over the course of more than two decades, during which the author was employed by several major microprocessor design companies. The book consists of five parts, the first two of which present a rigorous exposition of the general theory based on the first principles of arithmetic. Part I covers bit vectors and the bit manipulation primitives, integer and fixed-point encodings, and bit-wise logical operations. Part II addresses the properties of floating-point numbers, the formats in which they are encoded as bit vectors, and the various modes of floating-point rounding. In Part III, the theory is extended to the analysis of several algorithms and optimization techniques that are commonly used in commercial implementations of elementary arithmetic operations. As a basis for the formal verification of such implementations, Part IV contains high-level specifications of correctness of the basic arithmetic instructions of several major industry-standard floating-point architectures, including all details pertaining to the handling of exceptional conditions. Part V illustrates the methodology, applying the preceding theory to the comprehensive verification of a state-of-the-art commercial floating-point unit. All of these results have been formalized in the logic of the ACL2 theorem prover and mechanically checked to ensure their correctness. They are presented here, however, in simple conventional mathematical notation. The book presupposes no familiarity with ACL2, logic design, or any mathematics beyond basic high school algebra. It will be of interest to verification engineers as well as arithmetic circuit designers who appreciate the value of a rigorous approach to their art, and is suitable as a graduate text in computer arithmetic.

Abstrak :
Pada pengembangan sistem, dibutuhkan sebuah mekanisme untuk menjamin bahwa sistem tersebut berjalan dengan benar tanpa error atau rsquo;bug rsquo;. Sejauh ini, hal yang biasa dilakukan adalah dengan testing, tetapi hal ini sulit dilakukan untuk mencakup semua kemungkinan. Untuk sistem yang membutuhkan tingkat correctness yang tinggi, seperti misalnya pada hardware , perlu mekanisme yang dapat menjamin kebenaran program untuk semua kemungkinan input. Ada solusi lain yang dapat menjamin kebenaran program untuk semua kemungkinan input, yaitu dengan verifikasi formal. Verifikasi formal dilakukan dengan pemodelan matematika. Salah satu sistem yang membutuhkan tingkat correctness yang tinggi adalah sistem bilangan floating-point. Hal ini terkait dengan pengalaman yang dialami Intel pada tahun 1994. Salah satu bahasa standar dalam membangun sebuah sistem digital atau hardware adalah VHDL. Ada beberapa tools yang bisa dilakukan untuk verifikasi formal, salah satunya adalah HOL theorem prover. Penelitian ini melakukan formalisasi operasi aritmatika VHDL dan konstruksi terkait yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan HOL Theorem Prover. Hasilnya adalah sebuah framework yang berisi formalisasi beberapa algoritma aritmatika dasar VHDL dan konstruksi terkaitnya. Framework ini kemudian dapat digunakan untuk memverifikasi modul VHDL yang memanfaatkan aritmatika VHDL dan konstruksi terkaitnya.

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In system development, a mechanism is needed to ensure that the system runs correctly without error or rsquo bug rsquo . So far, testing is a common solution, but it rsquo s hard to cover all error possibilities. For systems that require a high level of correctness, such as hardware systems, there is a need for a mechanism that can ensure the correctness of the program for all possible inputs. There is another solution to do the task, i.e. by formal verification. Formal verification is done by mathematical modeling. One system that requires a high level of correctness is the floating point number system. This is related to the experience of Intel in 1994. One of the standard languages in developing a digital system or a hardware is VHDL. There are several tools that can be used for formal verification, one of which is HOL Theorem Prover. This research conducts a formalization of VHDL arithmetic operation and the related constructions done by using HOL Theorem Prover. The result is a framework which contains the formalization of some basic VHDL arithmetic algorithms and the related constructions. This framework can then be used to verify VHDL modules that utilize the VHDL arithmetic and the related constructs.

Abstrak :
Are you familiar with the IEEE floating point arithmetic standard? Would you like to understand it better? This book gives a broad overview of numerical computing, in a historical context, with special focus on the IEEE standard for binary floating point arithmetic. Key ideas are developed step by step, taking the reader from floating point representation, correctly rounded arithmetic, and the IEEE philosophy on exceptions, to an understanding of the crucial concepts of conditioning and stability, explained in a simple yet rigorous context. It gives technical details that are not readily available elsewhere, and includes challenging exercises that go beyond the topics covered in the text. Numerical Computing with IEEE Floating Point Arithmetic provides an easily accessible yet detailed discussion of IEEE Std 754-1985, arguably the most important standard in the computer industry. The result of an unprecedented cooperation between academic computer scientists and the cutting edge of industry, it is supported by virtually every modern computer. Other topics include the floating point architecture of the Intel microprocessors and a discussion of programming language support for the standard.

Abstrak :
This book has been designed for a first course on digital design for engineering and computer science students. It offers an extensive introduction on fundamental theories, from Boolean algebra and binary arithmetic to sequential networks and finite state machines, together with the essential tools to design and simulate systems composed of a controller and a datapath. The numerous worked examples and solved exercises allow a better understanding and more effective learning. All of the examples and exercises can be run on the Deeds software, freely available online on a webpage developed and maintained by the authors. Thanks to the learning-by-doing approach and the plentiful examples, no prior knowledge in electronics of programming is required. Moreover, the book can be adapted to different level of education, with different targets and depth, be used for self-study, and even independently from the simulator. The book draws on the authors’ extensive experience in teaching and developing learning materials.