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"Interferensi fonologis terjadi ketika penutur mengidentifikasi sistem fonem bahasa pertama dan menerapkannya pada bahasa kedua (Weinreich, 2010). Penelitian ini menginvestigasi bagaimana interferensi fonologis terhadap Bahasa Inggris oleh penutur Bugis Sinjai karena adanya perbedaan kedua bahasa dan kekhasan sistem konsonantik Bahasa Bugis Sinjai. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian terdiri atas 2 siswa SMA; 2, dan 2 guru SMA. Data penelitian berupa 150 kata yang diambil dari World English dan disusun ke dalam 25 kalimat yang dibaca oleh subjek penelitian sebanyak 3 kali. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis padan intralingual dengan membandingkan Bahasa Bugis Sinjai dan Bahasa Inggris, serta Bahasa Indonesia. Kajian ini menunjukkan adanya interferensi under-differentiation of phonemes and actual phone subtutions (Weinreich, 2010) yang dipengaruhi oleh Bahasa Bugis Sinjai dan Bahasa Indonesia. Konteks terjadinya interferensi berupa perubahan dan peghilangan bunyi konsonan ditemukan pada distribusi dan gugus konsonan dalam kata. Interferensi ini berdampak pada arti kata Bahasa Inggris. Meskipun Bahasa Bugis Sinjai merupakan bahasa sehari-hari, pengaruh Bahasa Indonesia ditemukan lebih besar dibandingkan Bahasa Bugis Sinjai. Hal ini menunjukkan pengaruh bahasa kedua, juga bahasa nasional, lebih dominan daripada bahasa ibu dalam pemerolehan bahasa asing. Pengaruh ortografi dalam merealisasikan bunyi kata Bahasa Inggris oleh penutur Bugis Sinjai juga ditemukan di dalam penelitian ini.

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Phonological interference is when a speaker identifies the first language phoneme system and applies it to the second language (Weinreich, 2010). This study investigates on how phonological interference to English by Bugis Sinjai speaker due to the difference between Bugis Sinjai language and English, and also the uniqueness of Bugis Sinjai consonants system. The study is qualitative and the subjects of study consist of 2 students of senior high school, 2 students of university, and 2 teachers. The data of this study are 150 words taken from World English which are arranged into 25 sentences and read by the research subjects 3 times.

This study uses an intralingual equivalent analysis method by comparing Bugis Sinjai Language and English, as well as Indonesian. The results of the study show that there is change of phonemes falling under-differentiation of phonemes and actual phone subtutions (Weinreich, 2010) influenced by both Bugis Sinjai and Indonesian languages. The contexts of interference are the change and omission of phonemes at the phonemes distribution and cluster. The interference has effect to the meaning of English words.

Even though Bugis Sinjai language is used daily, Indonesian has bigger effect in the realization of English words by the speaker of Bugis Sinjai. It means that the second and national language is more dominant than local language in learning foreign language. We also found that there is orthographic effect in pronouncing English words by Bugis Sinjai speakers."

"This second edition presents a completely revised overview of research on intonational phonology since the 1970s, including new material on research developments since the mid 1990s. It contains a new section discussing the research on the alignment of pitch features that has developed since the first edition was published, a substantially rewritten section on ToBI transcription that takes account of the application of ToBI principles to other languages, and new sections on the phonetic research on accent and focus. The substantive chapters on the analysis and transcription of pitch contours, pitch range, sentence stress and prosodic structure have been reorganised and updated. In addition, there is an associated website with sound files of the example sentences discussed in the book. "

"A research perspective that takes language use into account opens up new views of old issues and provides an understanding of issues that linguists have rarely addressed. Referencing new developments in cognitive and functional linguistics, phonetics, and connectionist modeling, this book investigates various ways in which a speaker/hearer’s experience with language affects the representation of phonology. Rather than assuming phonological representations in terms of phonemes, Joan Bybee adopts an exemplar model, in which specific tokens of use are stored and categorized phonetically with reference to variables in the context. This model allows an account of phonetically gradual sound change that produces lexical variation, and provides an explanatory account of the fact that many reductive sound changes affect highfrequency items first. The well-known effects of type and token frequency on morphologically conditioned phonological alterations are shown also to apply to larger sequences, such as fixed phrases and constructions, solving some of the problems formulated previously as dealing with the phonology–syntax interface."

"This book provides a state-of-the-art survey of intonation and prosodic structure from a phonological perspective. It explores topics such as individual tones and how they combine, how information This book provides a state-of-the-art survey of intonation and prosodic structure. Taking a phonological perspective, it shows how morpho-syntactic constituents are mapped to prosodic constituents according to well-formedness conditions. Using a tone-sequence model of intonation, it explores individual tones and how they combine, and discusses how information structure affects intonation in several ways, showing tones and melodies to be 'meaningful' in that they add a pragmatic component to what is being said. The author also shows how despite a superficial similarity, languages differ in how their tonal patterns arise from tone concatenation. Lexical tones, stress, phrase tones, and boundary tones are assigned differently in different languages, resulting in great variation in intonational grammar, both at the lexical and sentential level. The last chapter is dedicated to experimental studies of how we process prosody. The book will be of interest to advanced students and researchers in linguistics, and particularly in phonological theory."