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"Suatu metode sintesis yang unik telah digunakan dalam membuat senyawa turunan 2-(4-metoksifenil)-4-fenil-1,10-fenantrolin (5) dari 4-metoksibenzaldehida (1), asetofenon (2), dan 8-aminokuinolin (4)dengan reaksi kondensasi aldol dan reaksi siklisasi. Turunan-turunan senyawa tersebut diuji aktivitasnya melalui uji aktivitas antiplasmodial. Sintesis turunan senyawa 5 dilakukan dalam tiga tahap. Senyawa 3-(4-metoksifenil)-1-fenilpropenon3 disintesis melalui reaksi kondensasi aldol dari senyawa1 dan 2 dengan hasil 96,42%. Senyawa 5 disintesis melalui siklisasi senyawa 4 dan 3 dengan hasil 84,55%. Turunan senyawa 5 disintesis dari senyawa 5 menggunakan DMS dan DES yang direfluksberturut-turut selama 21 dan 22 jam untuk menghasilkan (1)-N-metil-9-(4-metoksifenil)-7-fenil-1,10-fenantrolinium sulfat (6) dan (1)-N-etil-9-(4-metoksifenil)-7-fenil-1,10-fenantrolinium sulfat (7) dengan rendemen hasil berturut-turut 91,42 dan 86,36%. Hasil uji in vitro aktivitas antiplasmodium dari turunan senyawa 5 (senyawa 6 dan 7) terhadap P.falciparum resistan klorokuin strain FCR3 menunjukkan bahwa senyawa 7 mempunyai aktivitas antimalaria lebih tinggi dari senyawa 5 and 6. Sedangkan, hasil uji in vitro aktivitas antiplasmodium terhadap P. falciparum sensitif klorokuinstrain D10 menunjukkan bahwa senyawa6 mempunyai aktivitas antimalaria lebih tinggi dari senyawa 5 and 7.

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AbstractA unique of synthetic methods was employed to prepare 2-(4 methoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (5) derivatives from 4-methoxy-benzaldehyde (1), acetophenone (2), and 8-aminoquinoline (4)with aldol condensation and cyclization reactions. The derivatives were tested through antiplasmodial test. The synthesis of derivatives compound 5 was conducted in three steps. The 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1 penylpropenone 3 was synthesized through aldol condensation of 1 and 2 which has a yield of 96.42%. The compound 5 was synthesized through cyclization of compound 4 and 3 with 84.55% yield. The derivative of compound 5 was synthesized from compound 5 using DMS and DES reagents which refluxed for 21 and 22 h, to produce (1)-N-methyl-9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-phenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium sulfate (6) and (1)-N-ethyl-9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-phenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium sulfate (7) with 91.42 and 86.36% yields, respectively.Results of in vitrotesting of antiplasmodial activity of compound 5 derivatives(i.e., compound 6 and 7 ) against chloroquine-resistantP. falciparumFCR3 strain showed that compound 7had higherantimalarial activity than compounds 5 and 6 .Whereas, results of in vitrotesting against chloroquine-sensitive P.falciparumD10 strain showed that compound 6has higher antimalarial activity than compounds 5 and 7. "

"In the last few years, it has been a major development in the field of chemical analysis especially with instrumental technique in the exploration, mining and metallurgical industries. This development provided the fulfillment of chemical analysis criterion, such as accuracy, precision, sensitivity even the speed of analysis. The meaningful analytical measurement are achievable when both reference sample and reference methods have been standardized. Chemical analysis in the mining industry is continually making measurement comparisons between unknown and references' samples. One of the research activities of MTRDC in 1994/1995 is to prepare the reference standard kaolin sample for chemical analysis in the laboratories. Two samples have been prepared namely CLK and BLK and their concentration of SiO2. Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, MgO, K2O, and LOI which have been recommended. "